Lu Xun (1881-1936) was a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, his courtesy name was Hencai, and he was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born into a dilapidated feudal family. In his youth, he was influenced by the idea of ??evolution. In 1902, he went to Japan to study. He originally studied medicine and later engaged in literary and artistic work, in an attempt to change the national spirit. From 1905 to 1907, when the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen and the reformists headed by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao launched a large-scale debate, Lu Xun stood on the side of the revolutionaries and published "On the Power of Moro Poetry", "On Cultural Partiality", etc. Important Papers. He returned to China in 1909 and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a minister and official in the Ministry of Education of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Beijing Government, and also taught at Peking University, Women's Normal University and other schools. In May 1918, he published "Diary of a Madman", the first vernacular novel in the history of modern Chinese literature, which violently exposed and criticized the feudal system of cannibalism and laid the foundation for the New Literature Movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he participated in the work of the "New Youth" magazine and stood at the forefront of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal New Culture Movement. Tendency to compromise and surrender. From 1918 to 1926, he successively created and published "Scream", "Grave", "Hot Wind", "Wandering", "Weeds", "Morning Flowers Picked at Dusk", "Huagai Collection", "Huagai Collection Sequel", etc. Special collection, showing the ideological characteristics of patriotism and thorough revolutionary democracy. Among them, the novella "The True Story of Ah Q" published in December 1921 is one of the most outstanding works in the history of modern Chinese literature. During this period, Lu Xun began to come into contact with Marxism-Leninism and read works such as "The Communist Manifesto" and "State and Revolution". In August 1926, he was wanted by the reactionary authorities for supporting the Beijing student patriotic movement and went south to teach at Xiamen University. In January 1927, he came to Guangzhou, the then revolutionary center, and taught at Sun Yat-sen University. After Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup on April 12, he angrily resigned from all positions at Sun Yat-sen University. During this period, I witnessed that there were also non-revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries among young people. They received profound education and completely gave up the idea of ??evolution. He arrived in Shanghai in October 1927 and seriously studied the theory of Marxism-Leninism. In 1930, the Left-wing Writers' Alliance was established and became the main leader of the left-wing literary movement under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. During this period, he successively participated in progressive organizations such as the China Freedom Movement Alliance and the China Civil Rights Protection Alliance. Regardless of the various persecutions by the reactionary Kuomintang government, he actively participated in the revolutionary literary and art movement, introduced Marxist literary and art theory, and worked with the Kuomintang reactionary imperial literati and other reactionary literati and reactionary people. Literature fought unremittingly and gradually became the standard-bearer of my country's cultural revolution and the great fighter of the proletariat. After the "Left-Left Alliance" was disbanded in early 1936, he responded to the party's call and actively participated in the anti-Japanese national united front in the literary and cultural circles. From 1927 to 1935, he created most of the works in "New Stories" and a large number of essays. The essays written in the next ten years were guided by Marxism-Leninism, comprehensively and profoundly analyzed various social problems, and showed far-sighted political foresight and resilient fighting spirit. These works are collected in "Ji Ji Ji", "San Xian Ji", "Er Heart Collection", "Nan Qian Bei Diao Ji", "Pseudo Free Letter", "Quan Feng Yue Tan", "Lace Literature", "Qiejieting Essays" Wait for special concentration. Lu Xun made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported progressive literary groups such as "Weiming Society" and "Chaohua Society"; he edited "National Newspaper Supplement" (Type B) and "Wangyuan" , "Running", "Grudge", "Translation" and other literary journals; enthusiastically caring for and actively cultivating young authors; vigorously translating and introducing foreign progressive literary works, paintings, and woodcuts; collecting, researching, and sorting out a large number of Chinese classical literature, criticizing Inheriting the ancient literary and artistic heritage of the motherland, he compiled "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" and "An Outline of the History of Chinese Literature", compiled the "Collections of Ji Kang", and compiled the "Miscellaneous Collection of Old Books from Kuaiji County", "Ancient Novels", "Legends of the Tang and Song Dynasties" "Collection", "News Notes on Novels", etc. He died of illness in Shanghai on October 19, 1936. "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (twenty volumes) was published in 1938. After the founding of New China, Lu Xun's translations have been compiled into "The Complete Works of Lu Xun" (ten volumes), "Collected Translations of Lu Xun" (ten volumes), and "Diary of Lu Xun" (two volumes), "Collected Letters of Lu Xun", and reprinted various ancient books compiled by Lu Xun. In 1956, the Party and the People's Government moved and rebuilt Lu Xun's tomb. Mao Zedong personally inscribed an inscription on Lu Xun's tomb, and repeatedly called on the entire party and people across the country to learn from Lu Xun. Lu Xun museums and memorial halls have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing and other places.
Reference:/GZ03-04-2/01/XK18_NJ10/ZY20040113190942484/WBZY/SC20040113192710640.mht