2. Take the moldy books outdoors, and try to wipe off the moldy spots with a dry rag or towel, with light force.
3. Dip a cotton ball in ammonia water or alum water, gently wipe the mildew spot on the page, and blot it with absorbent paper after cleaning; You can also rinse the thick juice with water and potassium permanganate, apply the thick juice to the mildew spots with a brush, then apply it with oxalic acid water after five or six minutes, and gently wipe it with a brush, so that the residual mildew spots can be removed several times, and finally wipe it with a cotton ball dipped in water. This is a method to remove the mildew spots on rare books of ancient books. If the conditions are not met, you can also wipe it with cotton dipped in soapy water.
4. Put it in a ventilated place to dry. If the book is thick, be careful not to let the papers stick together.
Several aspects to be guarded against in library collection;
First, dustproof. Dust refers to the ubiquitous dust, especially the dust in the air is increasing day by day, so we should pay more attention to the dust prevention and removal of books. Dust accumulation on books not only pollutes books, but also makes the air between pages not circulate. Not only that, dust itself is also a place where insects and molds hide and breed. Therefore, books must be kept in a relatively clean environment and cleaned frequently.
Second, moistureproof. The paper of books belongs to a kind of non-fiber components, and there are some harmful substances such as acid-base bleaching powder, which will accelerate the change of paper under the influence of high humidity. Humidity is beneficial to the moldy environment of insects, so it is harmful to books. Especially in the southern Huangmei season. The simple moisture-proof method is to ventilate the book as much as possible on sunny days with low humidity, seal it as much as possible on wet days, or place desiccant.
Third, pest control. After some time, I found that the book was destroyed. The main reason is that there are pests in the book, such as moths, booklice, termites, disguised soil beetles, moths and butterflies, cockroaches and so on. Here, we might as well include mice and microorganisms, among which bacteria and fungi (also called molds) are the most harmful. Although they are small, they are very fertile. If they are attached to the paper and cover materials of books, they will destroy the structure of the paper and cause chemical damage to the paper and cover materials. There are many ways to prevent insects. Some of them are simple and practical, suitable for home use: wrap 666 powder into flat packets with paper and put them in bookshelves or bookcases, or in pages with holes. This method has special effects on the thread-bound books of ancient books, and has good durability, and the validity period can reach one or two decades. Camphor also has a good insect repellent effect. Books that have been infected or moldy by microorganisms can generally be disinfected and wiped with formalin. In order to prevent insects, pay special attention to flower lovers. In order to protect books, we must treat insects on flowers and plants diligently. Because these insects, especially like to eat fibrous substances, pose a great threat to books.
Fourth, avoid light. Books will turn yellow easily as long as they are exposed to the sun, and lights such as fluorescent lamps will also make books deteriorate. The main reason is that the ultraviolet rays in the light will make the paper aging, and the yellowing of the paper is mostly caused by ultraviolet rays. But reading is inseparable from light, which is very contradictory. So in order to protect the book, don't let the sun and fluorescent lamps shine directly on the book. You can filter ultraviolet rays through window glass or transparent plastic film, and then shine them on books. Especially when reading precious books or books that you cherish especially, you may wish to take this protective measure. In order to avoid light, bookcases and bookshelves should be placed on the back of the sun, under the backlight, or covered with curtains, which often puts books in the dark.
Fifth, heat protection. The hot climate has no effect on books. If the hot temperature is combined with the wet rainy season, it may cause the consequences of insect pests and mildew. Therefore, the general collection places always require low temperature or air conditioning, especially precious books. Letters from home should also pay attention to the choice of location. For books, the room facing south is not as good as the room facing north.
Sixth, pressure protection. If the book is under too much pressure, it will be deformed, and it will not be able to turn the book smoothly, and it will make the air between the pages unable to circulate, making it easy for the pages to contact each other. This situation is often because the collection space is too small and the books have to be built very high. The more realistic way to solve this problem is to turn it over frequently, so that a book will not be at the bottom all the year round.