It is written that after Zambezi Songzangambu mastered the Tubo regime, he sent minister Galdon Zan to the Tang Dynasty to propose marriage. Emperor Taizong put forward five difficult questions to test the envoys of various countries who came to propose marriage. Whoever can outsmart him, the princess will marry the king of that country.
The first problem is to thread jade with silk thread. Envoys from other countries can't get through. Galdon praised tying the ant's waist with silk thread, putting it on the nozzle of the bead, blowing it slowly, letting it climb over, and the thread was put on.
The second game is to let the envoys of various countries receive 100 sheep and 100 jars of wine; Kill the sheep, skin them, eat up the meat, rub their skins and drink wine. Some other envoys were drunk before eating meat, and some were tired before rubbing skin. Only Galdon Zan ordered his men to drink slowly in a small bowl, rubbing the skin while eating and drinking, and finally completed the "task" given by the emperor.
The third time, Tang Gaozong ordered envoys to acknowledge the mother-child relationship between one hundred mares and one hundred foals. Gadongzan ordered the foal to be locked up alone for one night, giving only fodder and not drinking water. The next day, put it to the mare, and the foals all admitted that their mother had suckled. In this way, the Tubo envoy won again.
Emperor Taizong also ordered to take out one hundred sticks as thick as the head and tail, so that the envoys could identify the head and tail. Galdon Zan pushed the stick into the water with a heavy head and a light tail. The heavy ones sank and the light ones floated on it, so he knew it clearly.
Finally, Emperor Taizong mixed Princess Wencheng with 300 beautiful women dressed exactly the same, so that the envoys could find her and recognize her princess so that they could go with her. Gadongzan first asked the old lady who had served Princess Wencheng about her appearance and characteristics, and learned that the princess had a scarlet mole between her eyebrows. Tubo minister finally recognized the princess according to the advice of Han grandmother.
Therefore, Emperor Taizong married the princess to Songzan Gambu, accompanied by many gifts and dowry, and took the princess to Tubo.
Tubo, the ancestor of the Tibetans, is a nomadic and farming nation, living in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, and is famous for its brave character. Strong men call it "Zan", adult husbands call it "Pu" and tribal leaders call it "Zanpu". Zamp's wife's name is "Meng Mo". Martial spirit is particularly prominent in the national character, which respects war heroes and fallen soldiers. If a family has been killed in battle for generations, it will be listed as a first-class portal to praise its bravery. If a coward retreats in battle, he is forced to wear a fox's tail on his hat and laugh at his cowardice as punishment, and is regarded as a coward. Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were many factions within the tribes, and the tribes lived in harmony, and the merger wars continued, with little contact with all ethnic groups in the Central Plains. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the trend of unification gradually became clear, and it was also closely related to all ethnic groups in the Central Plains.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, that is, at the beginning of the 7th century A.D., an outstanding leader of the Tubo nationality appeared. His name was Abandoned Zong Nong Zan, which was called Songzan Gambu in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, and later historical documents used this name. He became Zampa when he was very young. He is brave, resourceful, brave and good at fighting. He led his men to conquer many tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by force. Even the sheep with equal strength (big and small sheep in the same country) bowed to him, and other smaller tribes followed suit and established a powerful slavery regime, becoming the overlord of the tribes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its capital in Logue (now Lhasa). At that time, the mainland was in the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong, and its voice was far-reaching. Songzan Gambu admired the culture and civilization of the Tang Dynasty. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (AD 634), the first envoys were sent to Chang 'an, and Feng Dexia was also sent to pay a return visit to Tubo in the Tang Dynasty, which became the beginning of friendly exchanges between Han and Tibetan nationalities. Since then, Songzan Gambu has sent envoys to Chang 'an many times to pay tribute, hoping to follow the precedent of Tuguhun and Turkic and marry the princess of the Tang Dynasty, but Emperor Taizong did not allow it. The messenger returned to Tubo and lied: "When I first arrived in Chang 'an, the Tang Dynasty was very favorable and allowed to get married. It happened that King Tuyuhun entered the DPRK and alienated our relationship in front of Taizong, and then he stopped the discussion of intermarriage. "Songzan Gambu was furious and joined forces with the sheep tribe to attack Tuguhun. Tuguhun couldn't resist and fled to Qinghai. After the Tubo captured the Tangut and the Bailan tribe, they stationed 200,000 troops to the west of Songzhou (now Songpan County, Sichuan Province) and sent envoys to Chang 'an, claiming that this was a dowry to marry the princess. The messenger sent a message threatening: "The big country will attack the mainland immediately if it doesn't marry the princess." This rude demand for forced marriage was naturally opposed by Emperor Taizong. Soon, Songzan Gambu led the troops to attack Songzhou. Emperor Taizong immediately sent Hou, a senior official of the official department, to lead 50,000 soldiers to attack in four directions, beheaded them, exhausted their surplus, defeated Songzan Gambu, led his troops to flee, sent messengers to apologize, and proposed again. Only this time did Emperor Taizong agree to the request of intermarriage.
In the 14th year of Zhenguan (AD 640), Songzan Gambu sent his minister Lu Dongzan to send 5000 taels of gold and hundreds of pieces of jewelry to Chang 'an to get married. Emperor Taizong promised to marry Princess Wencheng, the daughter of the imperial clan. According to legend, Emperor Taizong had "five difficult marriages" before his promise. One of the five difficulties is to ask the messenger to recognize the mother-child relationship between a hundred mares and a hundred foals. This profound problem means that marriage makes us understand that the Han and Tibetan people should establish permanent mother-child affection through the marriage of the princess. It is said that Lu Dongzan used the Tubo people's rich experience in animal husbandry to circle the mare and foal respectively and temporarily cut off the foal's drinking water and forage. After a day or two, he released the mare and the foal at the same time, and suddenly there was a touching scene in which the mother looked for her son, the son looked for her mother, and the mother and son depended on each other. In this way, Lu Dongzan solved five difficult problems one by one. Emperor Taizong was very happy and allowed him to marry Princess Wencheng immediately and enter Tibet. Emperor Taizong attached great importance to Princess Wencheng's marriage to Tibet. He not only prepared many brides for her, including poems, history, farming, medicine, astronomy, calendars and other books, but also grains, vegetables, fruit seeds and various exquisite handicrafts. In addition, he brought all kinds of craftsmen and a court band. At that time, Buddhism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and Princess Wencheng was a devout Buddhist believer, so she also brought a Buddha statue.
In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 64 1 year), Emperor Taizong sent Li Daozong, Minister of the Li Department of King Jiangxia, to escort Princess Wencheng into Tibet. Songzan Gambo waited in the White Sea (now around Eling Lake and Zhaling Lake in Qinghai) with his entourage and guards from Lhasa, and then met the enemy at Heyuan (now Xinghai County in Qinghai). Songzan Gambu paid a visit to Li Daozong, respectfully performed the ceremony of sons and nephews, and constantly marveled at the beauty of dress etiquette in big countries, showing a shame between pitching and pitching. After returning to Lhasa with the princess, they held a grand wedding. Songzan Gambu is very happy that he can marry Princess Wencheng. He said, "Neither my parents nor my grandparents can marry a businessman. I am deeply honored to marry Princess Datang. I should build a city for the princess to show off my descendants. " After the princess arrived in Tibet, she was ordered to build a palace-style building for her to live in according to the architectural model of the Tang Dynasty. It was really a "golden house with a charming house".
After Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she introduced the excellent culture and advanced production technology of the Tang Dynasty to Tibet, and jointly developed the economy and culture of Tubo with Songzan Gambo. At that time, Tibetans had no writing, and their notes were tied with ropes or marked with wood. At the suggestion of Princess Wencheng, Songzan Gambu sent people to study and create 30 kinds of Tibetan alphabet and pinyin sentence-making grammar, ending the history of Tibetan without words. Since then, Chinese books can be translated into Tibetan, which has promoted the development of Tibetan culture. Tibet did not have a complete calendar in the past, and the season of wheat harvest (around March in the summer calendar) was the beginning of a year. After Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she implemented the summer calendar system, which greatly facilitated the chronology and records of Tibetan history and culture. The court band brought by Princess Wencheng enriched and prospered Tibetan folk music and improved the cultural life of Tibetan people. Many craftsmen she brought have benefited Tibetans a lot. Since then, Tibetans have mastered the advanced technology of the Han nationality, popularized the agricultural production tools of the Han nationality, and greatly developed the agricultural productivity of Tibetans. Various plant seeds brought by Princess Wencheng also took root, blossomed and bore fruit in Tibet, which changed the food structure of Tibetans and enriched their food varieties. Princess Wencheng believes in Buddhism. Under her influence, Songzan Gambu vigorously advocated Buddhism and specially built the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, which had an immeasurable impact on the spiritual life of Tibetans. At the initiative of Princess Wencheng, Songzan Gambu sent people to study in Chang 'an to learn the excellent culture and advanced production technology of Han people, and also hired Han people to master documents and impart knowledge in Tibet. Since then, the Tang Dynasty has continuously sent silkworm eggs to help develop sericulture. Send a ditty and send someone to help develop the brewing industry. There are also grinding, paper making, ink making and so on. There are also special people assigned to teach. Princess Wencheng also personally taught embroidery and textile technology. Songzan Gambu himself can be said to be obedient to Princess Wencheng. Before she entered Tibet, Tibetans liked to paint her face with mineral ochre. The princess hates this kind of cosmetics, which makes people look disgusting. Songzan Gambu immediately ordered the whole country to ban the use of ochre painting. The princess likes to wear the light clothes of the Han nationality. Songzan Ganbu takes off the traditional Tibetan leather mattress and felt wool and wears silk clothes. It really makes women sing with their husbands!
Princess Wencheng's entry into Tibet has made great contributions to strengthening Sino-Tibetan exchanges and developing Tibet's economy and culture. Up to now, people in Xizang has placed statues of Princess Wencheng and Songzan Gambu in Potala Palace, and also preserved the site of their wedding. Folk songs praising Princess Wencheng and her great contribution to Tibet's economic and cultural development are also widely circulated among people in Xizang.
Songtsan Gampo is a hero in Tibetan history, born in the Yalong River valley where the Tibetan River (now Yarlung Zangbo River) swims. He unified the Tibetan areas, became Tibetan Zanpu, and established the Jingtu Dynasty. Songzan Gambu longed for tang style and hoped to marry Datang. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (AD 634), Songzan Gambu sent messengers to Tanggongjing to propose marriage. Emperor Taizong disagreed and sent Feng Deyou to comfort him. Songzan Gambu also sent envoys to follow Feng De into the DPRK, "proposing marriage with more money and more treasures to show his respect", but he was not allowed. In the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 640), Songzan Gambu sent Lu Dongzan, the great minister, to Chang 'an, donated 5,200 yuan and asked for marriage. Emperor Taizong felt his sincerity, let Princess Wencheng, a female imperial clan, get married and spit out his kindness. At the beginning of the second year, Princess Wencheng married in Chang 'an, accompanied by Li Daozong, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and Lu Dongzan, the envoy. According to Tu Lei Dynasty Hereditary Mirror and other books, Princess Wencheng's wedding team is very large, and the dowry of Emperor Taizong is very rich. There are "Buddha statues, treasures, jade bookcases, 360 volumes of classics and various jade ornaments", as well as many cooked foods, various drinks, various patterns of brocade quilts, 300 kinds of divination classics, 60 kinds of architectural and engineering works, and 100 kinds of medical prescriptions for treating 404 diseases. Also brought a lot of food and police seeds into Tibet. Song Zan got married in Heyuan, paid tribute to Tang's son-in-law and built a palace for Princess Wencheng to live in. Princess Wencheng also brought all kinds of skilled craftsmen, and this team became the messenger to spread the advanced agriculture, handicrafts, culture and science and technology in the Central Plains. Princess Wencheng has lived in Tu Shan for nearly 40 years and has been well received and loved by the people of Tu Shan. Princess Wencheng died in the first year of Yonglong (AD 680).