Annotations are words that introduce and comment on the vocabulary, content, background and quotations of books or articles. To protect the copyright of the original author. The annotation of ancient books began in the pre-Qin period. China in ancient times was divided into four parts, namely, annotation, explanation, biography, writing, sparseness, chapters and sentences. It contains a wide range of contents. Sound and meaning, time and place, people's deeds, allusions and background of the times are all annotation objects. There are footnotes, notes at the end of the text, and notes in brackets. The text lists the notes of ancient books, with double-line notes and annotations. The notes of modern books are listed under the current page of the text, called footnotes, also known as local notes; Those listed at the back of the article or book are called the last note. No matter which method is adopted, the arrangement of notes in the whole book generally requires unity to facilitate readers' reference.
Annotations in modern academic works are generally divided into two types: content interpretation and source interpretation. The former refers to the further explanation of some words in an article or book, but it is placed outside the paragraph (at the end of the article or in the margin) to prevent clutter. The latter generally indicates the source of a sentence, a word or an opinion for readers to verify, on the other hand, it respects the intellectual property rights and labor of others.
refer to
Reference is the whole reference or quotation of a book or a paper in the process of academic research. The cited documents have been noted in the notes and no longer appear in the following references.
Literally, a reference is a document cited in the writing process, such as an article or a book. However, according to the definition of GB/T 77 14-2005, the bibliographic reference refers to "the information resources of related documents cited for writing or editing papers and works." According to the requirements of "China Academic Journals (CD-ROM Edition) Retrieval and Evaluation Data Standard (Trial)" and "China Social Science Journals Arrangement Standard (Revised Edition)", many publications distinguish between references and annotations, and define annotations as "words that further explain or supplement a certain content in the text", which are listed at the end of the article, separated from references or placed in the footer.