Geographical location It is located in Zhougang, Guangdong Province, which is now Xinhui, about 50 kilometers south of Xinhui. It is the place where Yinzhou Lake goes to sea and the entrance and exit of tidal fluctuation. There is a cliff mountain in the east and a bottle mountain in the west. The veins of the two mountains extend southward into the sea, so they are called Yamen.
The historical and cultural sea battle of Yashan was the last confrontation between Song Dynasty and Mongolian Yuan Dynasty, and it was also the last organized resistance of Han regime to Mongolian army in Southern Song Dynasty. In the end, Song Jun was destroyed, and the Song Dynasty perished. It also marks the first time that the non-Han regime completely conquered the Central Plains regime of the Han nationality for thousands of years in this area, resulting in the cultural and political fault of the traditional regime in China. Therefore, there is a saying in Japanese and Korean historians that "there is no China behind the cliff mountain", and it is believed that China's classical civilization was completely destroyed by foreign countries after the cliff mountain war, and the orthodox China on the cultural level no longer exists.
After the Yuan Army defeated the Song Army in the battle of Xiangfan, the naval battle of Yashan approached Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Deyou (1276), the Song court failed to negotiate peace, and the 5-year-old emperor Song Gongdi surrendered. Yang of Song Duzong, under the escort of his uncle Yang, fled with his son, King Song Er (Zhao Min and Zhao Min of wangyi) and met with ministers Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie, Chen Hewen Tianxiang in Jinhua. Then Zhao Min was appointed as the marshal of the military forces in the world, and Zhao Min was appointed as the deputy marshal. Bo Yan, commander-in-chief of the Yuan Army, continued to pursue the two kings, who had to flee to Fuzhou. Soon, Zhao Min, who had just turned 7 years old, proclaimed himself Emperor, and changed his name to "Jingyan". He respected Yang, his biological mother and Queen Yang, named his younger brother Zhao Min as Wang Wei, Zhang Shijie as general, Lu Xiufu signed a book for the Privy Council, Chen as prime minister, and Wen Tianxiang organized anti-Yuan work.
After Zhao Yun proclaimed himself emperor, the Yuan Dynasty stepped up efforts to destroy the Song Dynasty. In the second year of Song Duanzong Jingyan (1277), Fuzhou fell, and Song Duanzong went into exile in Quanzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhang Shijie's request to borrow a boat was rejected by Quanzhou Shipping Company and Arab businessman Pu Shougeng, and then Pu Shougeng, who had been treacherous for a long time, surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Shijie hijacked a ship and went to sea, so the exiled court in the Southern Song Dynasty had to go to Guangdong. Song Duanzong was ready to flee to Leizhou, but unexpectedly, he was hit by a typhoon, the emperor's boat capsized, and Duanzong almost drowned and got sick. Chen, the prime minister of Zuo, suggested taking Song Duanzong to Zhancheng (now southern Vietnam) and taking the city himself, but the two kings called him back several times, but he didn't come back. Finally, he fled to Siam (now Thailand) and died there. After Duanzong's death, Wang Wei Zhao Min, who was only 7 years old, succeeded to the throne and had an auspicious title. After Zhao Min acceded to the throne, Lu Xiufu, the left prime minister, and Zhang Shijie, the teacher of the Prince, escorted Zhao Min to the cliff mountain and set up a stronghold in the local area, ready to continue to resist Yuan.
Soon, Wen Tianxiang, who was fighting against Yuan in Guangdong, Guangxi and Jiangxi, was not supported by the exiled court, but was captured alive by the Ministry of Zhang Hongfan in Wupoling, Haifeng County, and the anti-Yuan forces on land were eliminated.
In the second year of the Auspicious War (1279), Yuan attacked the imperial court in Zhao Min in Zhang Hongfan. Later, Hengli, a descendant of Xixia who captured Guangzhou not long ago, also led reinforcements to participate in the war. Song Jun claims to have more than 200,000 troops, of which10,000 are civil servants, maids, eunuchs and other non-combatants, and there are more than 2,000 ships of various kinds. Zhang Hongfan and Hengli of the Yuan Army also had 300,000 men (literally 100,000) and hundreds of warships. At this time, there is a suggestion within Song Jun to occupy the Gulf exit first and protect the retreat route to the west. In order to prevent soldiers from escaping, Zhang Shijie vetoed the proposal and ordered the burning of palaces, houses and strongholds on land; More than 2,000 Song Jun ships will be connected together with big ropes in the bay in the form of "serial ships", and Zhao Min's "Dragon Boat" will be arranged in the middle of the military array. Yuan military boats carrying thatch and grease set fire to Song boats. However, the ships in the Song Dynasty were all mud-covered, and a long piece of wood was placed horizontally on each ship to resist the fire attack of the Yuan Army. In the Yuan Dynasty, the navy failed to attack by fire, so it blocked the bay and cut off the road for the army to pump water and cut firewood in Song Jun. Song Jun ate dry food for more than ten days, and the soldiers who drank seawater vomited. Zhang Shijie led Fang Xingri to fight against the Yuan Army, Zhang Hongfan captured Han, Zhang Shijie's niece, and failed to surrender to Zhang Shijie three times.
On February 6, Zhang Hongfan was ready to storm, and some people in the Yuan Army suggested using artillery first. Hong Fan thinks that the artillery has disrupted Song Jun's formation and made it easier to retreat. Tomorrow, Zhang Hongfan will divide the troops into four roads, and Song Jun into three roads: East, South and North. Hong Fan led the army away from Song Jun, taking playing music as the general attack signal. First of all, the northern army failed to attack the northern part of Song Jun, and Hengli and others went with the flow. Yuan Jun pretended to be having fun, but Song Jun thought Yuan Jun was having a party, so he relaxed a little. At noon, Zhang Hongfan's navy attacked head-on, then covered the pre-built and ambush ship building with cloth and sounded the golden bell as an attack signal. The ambush fell with a negative shield and approached the Song ship in the rain. The warships of the two sides approached, and the Yuan army sounded the golden bell and withdrew its cloth to fight. At one time, it even broke seven Song ships. The Song Division was defeated, and the Yuan Army fought all the way to the center of Song Jun. At this time, Zhang Shijie saw that the tide was gone, dispatched a good soldier, and led more than ten ships with Su Liuyi in advance, cut off the big cable and broke away. Zhao Min's ship is in the army. When Lu Xiufu, 43, saw that he could not break through, he committed suicide with Zhao Min, 8. More than 100,000 soldiers and civilians accompanying him also committed suicide by jumping into the sea. Seven days later,100000 more than ten thousand bodies drifted into the sea. Zhang Shijie hopes to find the descendants of Zhao in the Song Dynasty in the name of Queen Yang, and then draw a picture; However, after hearing the news of Min's death, Queen Yang also committed suicide by jumping into the sea, and Zhang Shijie buried her by the sea. Soon, Zhang Shijie drowned in the gale and heavy rain at the foot of Pingzhang Mountain (about on the sea near Hailing Island in the southwest of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province).
? Literary works after sunset Author: Tao
The original text was published in the 54th issue of I Love Rock Music, entitled Book Review: Tsunami.
1279, the largest and most tragic naval battle in ancient human history inevitably broke out in the Yamen sea area of Xinhui. One side of the war is a powerful Mongolian empire rising from the grassland, which is sweeping across the Eurasian continent with the potential to destroy everything and concentrate on preparing for the final fatal blow to the enemy. On the other hand, the Southern Song Empire, whose national strength declined, struggled for nearly half a century. This is an extremely cruel war between the two countries. The opposing sides invested more than 500,000 troops and used more than 2,600 warships. The Mongol Empire annexed several powerful countries on the mainland, with the intention of completely destroying the last powerful enemy on this vast land through this war. Under the massive invasion of Mongolian fighters in the Southern Song Dynasty, a group of loyal ministers supported the young emperor to retreat from Hangzhou to Fujian, and then set up the Haishan court in Yashan, defending the last hope of defending the country.
Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu, Zhang Shijie and other brave men, represented by the "Three Heroes in the Late Song Dynasty", generously went to the national disaster and stepped onto the final stage left by history. In this way, a group of the only remaining Song Dynasty elites stood in this corner of the ends of the earth, defending the exiled regime in the stormy.
However, after all, courage is not the decisive factor in the victory or defeat of the war, and heroic ambition can't stop Mongolian fighters from riding like waves. After Song Jun won the first confrontation, his passive tactics trapped him in the enemy's encirclement. A few days later, in the monstrous waves, Song Jun, which was short of materials, was completely defeated by the powerful offensive of the Mongolian legion, and was completely annihilated, ending the naval battle that lasted for more than 20 days.
How tragic the afterglow of the sunset is! Wen Tianxiang, who was imprisoned on the ship of the Yuan Army, witnessed the most tragic scene in the sea battle of Yashan-Lu Xiufu, the powerless prime minister, was thrown into the sea with the young emperor and his heavy ideals. The rest of the Song Dynasty soldiers and civilians also threw themselves into the sea. Seven days later, more than 100,000 bodies were floating on the sea, and the mountains and rivers changed color.
Unfortunately, among the relevant written materials I can find, the most detailed one is the historical novel Tsunami written by Japanese writers, not the works of China people themselves. The author tells history from a neutral and objective perspective: What touching stories happened at Yamen Sea 700 years ago? The artistic language description in the book contains a large number of rich and true historical materials, which spread a magnificent picture.
History is cruel. The last emperor of the Song Dynasty was not a tyrannical and heartless king. He is just a child, and he has lived a wandering life with the remnants of the Southern Song Dynasty since he was a child. And this group of ministers around him are also conscientious and loyal to their duties, with only the determination to serve the country in their hearts. History has placed the final burden on the shoulders of this group of monarchs and ministers, and they really should not be responsible for the responsibility of national subjugation.
The magnificent battle scenes have been lost in the long river of years, and the vicissitudes of more than 700 years have connected the cliff mountain with the earth. The decisive battle in ancient times left only a vast and lonely ocean for future generations to mourn. In the eyes of many people today, the long-term resistance of the soldiers and civilians in the Song Dynasty and the act of throwing themselves into the sea after the defeat have become "ignorant of current affairs." But I think that the heroic spirit of our ancestors, who are not afraid of strong enemies and live and die with the country, will not be dimmed by the collapse of the dynasty. "Since ancient times, no one has died in life, so care with your heart and shine on history." When personal safety is closely related to the fate of the country, these people, from the son of heaven to the people, are unwilling to give in, stick to their beliefs that have supported them for many years, and sing the song of justice written in blood forever.
The political and economic impact of the Battle of Yashan was the last organized resistance of the Song Dynasty to Mongolian aggression. After this war, China was completely occupied by foreign countries for the first time in history. The Battle of Yashan was also an important turning point in the history of China. During the Meiji Restoration, Japanese historians believed that the demise of the Song Dynasty was regarded as the end of China in the classical sense. After the so-called cliff mountain, there is no China.
Premier Zhou commented on Yashan Mountain. Premier Zhou once visited this cliff. When he saw "Wan Li is poor, two cliffs are strong, the sky is only decisive, and sailing is not worth saving" in Yamen Ancient Poetry, he turned around and commented on the naval battle with the people present. He said, I don't think Lu Xiufu should jump into the sea. He should lead his troops to Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Province and set up a base there. Premier Zhou stood up and left, pointing to the sea surface of Hainan Island and Taiwan Province Province Island, saying that these places can retreat and defend, attack and disturb, and there is great hope for fighting. Local cadres told Premier Zhou the anecdote about the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty. Premier Zhou said emotionally: "The historical sites of Yashan are very meaningful. Although the Song Dynasty perished, many people continued to persist in the anti-yuan struggle and safeguarded national integrity. "
Lu Xun commented on Yashan Lu Xun: The problem of being unable to speak was not so serious in the Ming Dynasty; They are also relatively able to say something. Manchu people were killed when aliens invaded China, and those who talked about history, especially those who talked about the late Song Dynasty, and those who talked about current affairs were naturally killed. Therefore, during the Qianlong period, people even dared not speak in articles.
Lu Xun also said: I heard that Genghis Khan conquered Europe, which was the most luxurious time for' us'. It was not until I was twenty-five years old that I realized that the so-called "we" were the richest times. In fact, the Mongols conquered China and we became slaves. It was not until August this year that I turned over three books on Mongolian history because I had to look up a story. I realized that the Mongols conquered Volos and invaded Hungary and Austria. Before conquering all China, Genghis Khan was not our sweat at that time, but the Russians were more qualified to be slaves than we were. They should say,' Our Genghis Khan conquered China, which was our richest time'. "
Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume VI, p. 109.