In a swamp in Yorkshire, England, a wooden paddle dating from 7500 BC was excavated. This paddle must be used to row a hollow canoe in the middle. One such canoe was found in Holland, and its age was about 6300 BC. A canoe found in England is16m long and1.5m wide. Relics of canoes or paddles have been unearthed from Neolithic sites in China, such as Qianshanyang in Huzhou, Zhejiang, Hemudu in Yuyao, Zhejiang, Lianjiang in Fujian and Huazhou in Guangdong, with a history of 5000-9000 years. Archaeological evidence has been found in Egypt, India and other places. Some history of African and American Indians so far
In distant ancient times, people found that leaves and trunks would float in the water, and they also found that leaves could bear less weight and trunks could bear more weight. The thicker the trunk, the greater the weight they can bear. It is also found that the cylindrical trunk is unstable in the water and will roll, so people can't sit on it, so people can't move on it at all.
In this way, people use tools such as stone axes, stone poles and cymbals to flatten the round trunk. It was later found that it was more convenient to process wood with fire than with a stone axe. People spread thick wet mud on the parts of the trunk that don't need to be dug, and then burn off the parts that need to be dug with fire. In this way, the burnt part will burn into a layer of charcoal, and then it will be easier to cut it with a stone axe. This is the way to make canoes successfully.
In China's ancient book I Ching Cohesion, it is recorded that canoes are made of wood. 1958, three canoes were unearthed in Wujin county, Jiangsu province. According to textual research, they are canoes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. They are 1 1 m long, 0.9 m wide and 0.4 m deep, and are now in the Museum of Chinese History.
Luo is still making type according to the ancient method.
type
There are roughly three kinds of canoes in ancient China.
Flat canoe
The first is a flat-bottomed canoe with a flat bottom or near a flat bottom; The second is a canoe with a pointed square tail. Its head is pointed, tilted upward and its tail is square. Its bottom is also flat. For example, 1965, the canoe unearthed in Yancheng River, Wujin, Jiangsu Province, has a pointed open tail, with a slightly upturned pointed tail and a wide flat open tail, which belongs to the category of pointed square-tailed canoes. One of them is 4.22 meters long and the upper hatch is 0. 32 meters, 0.45 meters deep and 0.69 meters wide in the rear cabin. It is made of nanmu.
The third kind is a pointed-tailed canoe, with its head tilted and its tail tilted. For example, 1958 A canoe unearthed in Yancheng, Wujin, Jiangsu Province, looks like a shuttle, with small ends and upturned sharp corners, belonging to the category of pointed-tailed canoes. The middle of the cabin is wide, with a total length of 1 1 m, and the upper mouth of the cabin is 0.9 m wide and 0.45 m deep. It is made of a whole section of nanmu. The outer wall is smooth and the wood grain is still the same, and the inner wall is covered with scorch marks and chisel marks, which were made by ancient ancestors after being burnt by fire for dozens of times. According to the determination of carbon 14, this ship has a history of 2800 years and belongs to the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is the oldest and most complete canoe found in China, and is known as "the first boat in the world".
Today's ships evolved from the above three kinds of canoes.
Advantages and disadvantages of canoeing
1. The canoe is light and flexible.
The disadvantage is that it is not easy to master the balance.
There are canoes everywhere
Canoeing is not unique to China, and many canoes have been found in some foreign countries. A canoe was found in the lake layer of Perth, Scotland.
Neolithic canoes were also found in Switzerland and its adjacent areas. In addition, Indian canoes and Polynesian catamarans are also famous. There is a canoe in India, and the side of the canoe is equipped with a crossbar for placing goods. Canoes in New Guinea can be arranged horizontally, fixed with beams, with seats on the beams and sails for sailing.
In a swamp in Yorkshire, England, a wooden paddle dating from 7500 BC was excavated. This paddle must be used to row a hollow canoe in the middle. One such canoe was found in Holland, and its age was about 6300 BC. A canoe found in England is16m long and1.5m wide.
Canoes later evolved into wooden boats and wooden boats, as well as various boats today. It can be said that without canoes, there would be no modern ships. Modern canoe
Modern canoe
The canoe is called "Hu Wei" in Manchu and Hezhe languages, and in some places it is commonly called "Kuaimazi" boat, which is made of the whole trunk. It is more than two feet long and wide enough for one person to sit on, with a flat mouth and a round bottom, and two pointed ends slightly upturned. The paddle is nearly ten feet long, with a hand-held paddle handle in the middle and paddle boards at both ends, paddling alternately from left to right. This kind of boat can only hold one person, and the big one can take five or six people. It has been very popular in the northeast forest region since the early Qing Dynasty. When Emperor Qianlong traveled eastward to Shengjing, he twice regarded driving "Hu Wei" as the "rustic" of his hometown, praising this unique water vehicle as "solid, simple, easy to carry, sitting on a flat side and with a round bottom". Later, people made this long and narrow boat out of wooden boards and still called it "Hu Wei". Besides traveling alone, "Hu Wei" can also be called a "two-person boat" with two parallel plates, which is used to transport vehicles and goods in flood season and can run smoothly in rivers. In the freezing winter, people moved "Hu Wei" to the shore, and part of it was used as a trough for feeding horses, which can be described as "making the best use of everything".
Hunters in some forest areas in Northeast China also have some distinctive water vehicles. For example, the animal skin boats used by ethnic groups such as the Oroqen nationality peel off the whole skin or deer skin to make a boat shape, then dry, dry and finalize the design, and then they can be used in the water. This kind of animal skin ship can carry two or three hundred Jin, and can carry two or three people or a small amount of goods. Because of its light weight, portability and high strength, it is often used in small rivers where the water flow is not too fast and the water surface is not wide, but it can't be used for too long at a time to avoid softening the skin and affecting buoyancy. Among many types of "ships", it is very special.
In the south of the Yangtze River, especially in Huchuan (Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Chongqing), a boat called "junk" or "rowing boat" was popular in the past and even now. The "rowing boat" is carefully assembled with wooden boards and looks like a canoe; For fishermen who carry cormorants to fish. Rowing used to be a small canoe in Jiangnan, the Olympic Games.
Canoe and Olympic Games
Canoeing is divided into canoeing and rowing. Canoeing originated from small boats made by Eskimos in Greenland. This kind of boat uses whale skins and otter bags on a skeleton and paddles at both ends. Rowing originated in Canada, so it is also called Canadian rowing. In fact, these two kinds of boats evolved from kayaking, so some countries and regions in Southeast Asia, such as Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Hong Kong and Macao, call kayaking kayaking.
Canoe is a water labor transportation tool that has been widely used for fishing, hunting and transportation by human ancestors in primitive society. Primitive canoes have been found in many parts of the world, such as Egypt in Africa, India in South Asia and Holland in Western Europe. In the Neolithic sites in China, such as Qianshangyang in Huzhou, Zhejiang, Hemudu in Yuyao, Zhejiang, Lianjiang in Fujian and Huazhou in Guangdong, the remains of canoes or paddles have been unearthed. These cultural relics have a history of 5000 to 9000 years.
Modern canoeing
/kloc-canoeing began in 0/865, and Scot McGregor copied a canoe, which was 4.57 meters long, 0.76 meters wide and weighed 30 kilograms. From 1865 to 1867, McGregor rowed around Europe, such as France, Germany and Sweden, and wrote a book, which actively promoted kayaking. 1867, the royal canoeing club he founded held the first canoeing competition.