Dayu harnessed water to repair Taiyuan.
So the leader of tribal alliance at the end of patriarchal clan commune in primitive society of China. He is another legendary hero who spread the history of China after Tang Yao and Yu Shun. The so-called abdication system in ancient China ended with him; China's first slave king, Chao Xia, started from him. Shi Zai, surnamed Yu, first name, son of Gun, also known as Dayu, Jieyu.
Dayu lived in an era of flooding and prolonged smelting time. His father was ordered by Yao to control water, and because he could not control water, he took it as his duty to build a dam to suppress flood. As a result, the disease became more and more widespread and flooded. Finally, he was punished by Shun Di and died in Yushan. At that time, Yu was the tribal leader.
After the gun died, the flood did not stop. He inherited his father's business and was ordered by Shun to devote himself to water control, which made him famous for his success in water control. It is the times that make heroes. Dayu changed his father's method of "choking on food", mainly to dredge the river and release flood discharge. After thirteen years of hard work, he "tried to stay on the road", "refused to enter the house three times" and "choked the flood", and finally let Hongbo rest in peace, and the flood was terrible. Because Dayu succeeded in refining water and saved the people, he was elected as the heir of Shun, and jumped from the position of tribal leader to the leader of tribal alliance after Shun, thus creating the Xia Dynasty. So, where did Dayu's water control begin? There is a beautiful legend about Dayu's water control in Jinzhong, Taiyuan, which is "opening Lingshikou and emptying Jinyang Lake". When it is said that Zhoushan in Taiyuan is Dayu's water control and metallurgy, it was tied to the ancient site of this mountain. What does this mean?
"Built in Taiyuan, as for Yueyang"
About Dayu's water control, it is said by word of mouth that it is a household name, and the history books have been circulated for many years. The earliest records can be found in the geographical masterpiece Yu Gong. Gong Yu is an article in Shangshu. The age of the work is uncertain and the author's history is unknown. In this regard, in thousands of years of exploration, the academic understanding is that it was written in the Warring States period and is the earliest geographical work with high scientific value in China. Ask in front of us: where did Dayu start to control water? This problem is clearly described in Yugong. The first paragraph of this book says, "It contains spout, beam and fuzziness. Both Taiyuan and Yueyang have it. " These two sentences tell us five ancient place names, namely Hukou, Liang, Qi, Taiyuan and Yueyang. Yikou is an ancient natural place name, namely the famous Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River in the northwest of Jixian County, Shanxi Province. Liang and Qi are both mountain names. Liangshan is in the west of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province. Qishan is in the northeast of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. The places referred to by these three ancient place names are located on the east and west sides of the south exit of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Grand Canyon of the Yellow River, bordering the river. The other two ancient place names are Taiyuan and Yueyang. The so-called Taiyuan is the great plain that appeared in the middle and upper reaches of Fenhe River after Taiqian left Fenzhangze, which is the Taiyuan Basin in the hinterland of Shanxi Province. The so-called Yueyang is located in the south of Huotai Mountain in Gubei Mountain, which is the southern huozhou city of Taiyue Mountain today. Because it is located in the south of Mount Huotai, the ancients took Shan Zhinan and the north of the water as the sun, hence the name Yueyang. These two old sayings also tell us: Dayu began to smelt water in Jizhou. "From Hukou, Dan Liang and Qishan were dug, and (after dredging the Yellow River) from Taiyuan to the south of Huotai Mountain." It can be seen that Dayu's water control began from the middle reaches of the Yellow River flowing through Shanxi. It began in the middle reaches of Fenhe River in ancient Taiyuan.
Why did Dayu build the Yellow River first and then the Fenhe River? Because he learned the lesson of failure in water refining. This point is clearly stated in "A Brief Examination of Jincheng": "Fenshui can't flow out during flood diversion, which will shock the Imperial Capital and be extremely defensive, because Fen governs Fen, regardless of Fen's non-discharge." "Taiping Universe" also said: "It's ok to divide the water by opening the river, but the Weihe River is big and fenzhi is ruled, and the rolling river is small and governed." The original intention and meaning of these two paragraphs are: When the Yellow River flooded, when the flood peak came, the narrow river channel was flooded, and Fenshui was blocked from entering the Yellow River, so it was stuck in the lower reaches of Fenhe River. In this way, the upstream water keeps leaking to the downstream, but the downstream water can't enter the Yellow River, resulting in disasters every day. Pingyang, the capital of Diyao, which is located near the banks of the lower reaches of Fenhe River, is also in flood, and people's hearts are in turmoil and fear. Gun was ordered by Yao to smelt water, and tried his best to build dams and repair dikes to prevent floods in Fenhe River. But he did not expect that the flood of Fenhe River was caused by the flood of the Yellow River, which blocked the discharge of Fenhe River and caused the flood. Unexpectedly, only by dredging the Yellow River channel can Fenshui enter the Yellow River smoothly and eliminate the flood problem from the root. Instead, it violates the natural law that water flows downwards, stresses the purpose, regardless of the cost, and builds dikes and dams in the middle and upper reaches of the Fenhe River to block the water south of the Fenhe River, "blocking it with things" (Hong Fan). I hope to prevent Fenhe River water from entering Pingyang, so as to ensure the safety of Du Yao. I don't know if the dam is built longer and longer, the dam is built higher and higher, and there is more water. In the end, it led to the consequence that "it is impossible to prevent the heights from being cold, the water overflows when it is full, and the wind collapses when it collapses" (Mao Rui is paying attention to Gong Yu), which led to a greater flood and brought death to himself. Dayu summed up the lessons of water control failure, and adopted the method of "dredging first and then guarding" to lead the masses to dredge and widen the Yellow River channel, "installing hukou to control beam divergence", which ruled out the fundamental failure of the Yellow River flood, blocked the Fenhe River into the canal, "discharged the river into the sea" and "suddenly led the flood down" (Dongpo said, see Jin's "Deceiving him to move northward, dredging the Fenhe River in Taiyuan Basin in the middle and upper reaches of the Fenhe River, and dredging it. "Self-built Taiyuan, built Yueyang", because of its water potential, it is beneficial to draw it, so that the water of Fenhe River is unobstructed in the Yellow River. Finally, the water control was successful and went down in history.
Today, when water is divided into disasters and Dayu controls water, some ruins left by Taiyuan Basin are recorded endlessly and can still be found vaguely. "Reading the History of Yu" said: "Yangqu has a boat of 90 miles here, and now there are stones like rings." "The annals of all nations" contains: "The mountain in Fenyang County is the county seat, and there was no flood in Yao, and this mountain has not disappeared. Previous families benefited from it, so it was named Wanhushan. Its top was flat and thousands of families lived there. At the time of Yao, the upstream water was not exhausted, and the Fenshui Mountain stopped. The more urgent it was, the higher it was, and it was destroyed. " Moreover, because Dayu ruled Fen in Taiyuan, Taiyuan is also known as "Summer Site" and "Daxia", and Kujin Yangcheng also has a gate named after "Daxia".
"Open Lingshikou and fly Jinyang Lake"
There is a famous folklore in Shanxi, especially in Taiyuan and Jinzhong. It is said that Taiyuan used to be a big lake called Jinyang Lake before Dayu's flood control. In order to make room for people to live on the lake, Dayu chose Shannan, the thinnest and lower terrain, as the breakthrough point, and took the lead in opening Lingshikou, draining the water of Jinyang Lake and vacating Taiyuan Basin. This story can be summarized in one sentence: "Open Lingshikou and empty Jinyang Lake".
This story is beautiful, which reflects the attachment of Shanxi people and Taiyuan people to Dayu's great achievements and places people's deep memories of Dayu for thousands of years. However, this story has a new variation in the long-lasting inheritance, and it is difficult to find the ancient traces of Dayu's water control "repairing Taiyuan". From the time point of view, this story first came into being after the Sui Dynasty, because "Lingshi" was discovered during the dredging of Fenhe River in the early years of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty. Its stone is hard, pale and clinking, so it is called "Lingshi". Sui Wendi Sui Wendi thought that this stone was descended from heaven to Switzerland, so he personally awarded the imperial edict system. In the 10th year of Emperor Kaidi (AD 590), a new county named "Lingshi" was set up in the southwest of Jiexiu County. Dayu's flood control was about two or three thousand years ago when Lingshi County was established. At that time, there was no Lingshi, and Lingshi County was not established. How did it get the name Lingshikou? Undoubtedly, it appeared after the appearance of Lingshi and the establishment of Lingshi County. What needs to be added is that the south exit of Taiyuan Basin is on the Lingkou-Huozhou line, with mountains and closed terrain, which is the only place where Fenhe River leads to the downstream. From the above legends and stories, it can be reflected that before Dayu's flood control "built Taiyuan, but Yueyang", the Fenhe River was out of date, with narrow and winding channels. Whenever the Fenhe River is flooded, it is easy to be blocked, forming a huge flood peak and causing floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Fenhe River. As you can imagine, the history of "when Yao was in power, the floods merged into one, and the gold was very heavy", as described in "Yaodian of Shangshu": "Its mighty shape is called Xiangling, and the sky is also". Dayu's water control is mainly based on dredging. More than 300 miles from Taiyuan to Yueyang, especially from Lingshi to Huozhou, the river bed enters mountains, deep valleys and dangerous cliffs. How difficult is it to dig mountains, dredge canals and expand winding and narrow rivers here? It is precisely because of Dayu's smelting water that Taiyuan basin has been further developed and left a deep impression on Taiyuan's 5,000-year civilization history.