What astronomical calendars were there in ancient China?

The ancient calendar of China adopted the combination of Yin and Yang, that is, taking the movement cycle of the sun as the year, taking the profit and loss cycle of the moon as the month, and taking leap months to coordinate the relationship between the year and the month. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the calendar of China has formed its own fixed system, and basically established the principle of 19 7 leap, which is longer than that formulated by the West 160 years. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, astronomers formulated China's first complete almanac, taichu calendar, and began to take the first month as the beginning of the year. The Dayan Calendar compiled by astronomers and monks in the Tang Dynasty accurately reflects the laws of the sun's movement and has a complete system, which marks the maturity of the ancient calendar system in China. Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, made outstanding contributions to astronomy. The "twelve calendar" which completely unifies the four seasons, the twenty-four solar terms and the twelve months is simpler and more convenient, which is beneficial to the arrangement of farming. Guo Shoujing presided over the compilation of the Calendar of Timing. The cycle of one year is basically the same as the current Gregorian calendar, but it is 300 years earlier than the current Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar is called the Gregorian calendar because it is calculated according to the time required for the sun center to pass through vernal equinox twice in a tropic of cancer year, so it is also called the Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar has an average of 365 days a year and 366 days at the end of February in leap years. In the Gregorian calendar, when the number of epochs in a year is not divisible by 4, it is a normal year, such as 198 1 year; Leap year refers to a year that can be divisible by 4 but not by 100, such as1984; An average year is divisible by 100, but not by 400, such as1900; A leap year is exactly divisible by 400, such as 2000. The average Gregorian calendar year is 365.2425 days, which is only one day away from the tropical year with a length of 365.2422 days. It will take more than 3,300 years to reach the level of 1 199 (more than 380 years before the Gregorian calendar) which was formulated by China, Nanking and Yang Zhongfu. It is unreasonable to allocate the number of days by month in Gregorian calendar, which is mixed with the power of emperors such as Gregory. The reasonable number of days per month can be summarized in two sentences: leap year is small in a single month and big in two months; In normal years, February is reduced by one day. However, because the Gregorian calendar has been widely used all over the world, it is very difficult to change it because of the great influence of human factors. Lunar calendar is a widely used calendar in China, also known as lunar calendar and summer calendar, because its lunar calendar takes the phase of the moon as the standard, and takes the moon from the new moon to the first quarter moon, the second quarter moon and then to the new moon as a month. To calculate the lunar calendar, first calculate the 24 solar terms and the new moon (calculate the moment when the sun, the moon and the ecliptic are equal-the new moon). The day of the new moon is the first day, from the new moon to the second day is a month, the distance from 29 is the small moon, and the distance from 30 is the big moon. A month is named after gas, and a month with gas is a month. If it contains neutral "rain", it is the first month of the lunar calendar. If there is no qi, it is a leap month, and the leap month is nameless. Take the name of the previous month, such as the leap month after April, so that the gap between the lunar year and the tropic year can be adjusted at any time. In the lunar calendar, the average year is 12 months and the number of days is 354 or 355; The leap year is 13 months, and the number of days is 383 or 384. This is the calendar of "the seventh leap month in nineteen years (plus seven leap months)" that China has been using from the Yin Dynasty in14th century BC to the Xinhai Revolution in1/. Because the 24 solar terms are determined by the sun, the appropriate name of the lunar calendar should be the lunar calendar.