Information about the Forbidden City in Beijing?
The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and was completed in the eighteenth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, covering an area of about 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters.
Palace buildings are all wooden structures, with yellow glazed tile roofs and blue and white stone bases. So there are four doors in the Forbidden City, the main entrance is named Wumen, the east entrance is named Donghuamen, the west entrance is named Xihuamen, and the north entrance is named Shenwumen.
Facing the Shenwumen in the north gate, Jingshan, made of earth and stone, is full of pines and cypresses. In the overall layout, Jingshan can be said to be the barrier of the Forbidden City complex. The Forbidden City is called the first of the five largest palaces in the world.
After the completion of the Forbidden City, it experienced the Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the 500 years when the Qing emperor abdicated in19/2, it experienced 25 emperors who owned or owned the temple name posthumous title in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is synonymous with the highest ruling core of Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The Forbidden City was called "Forbidden City" after 1925. With the decline of the Qing Dynasty, especially in the 38 years before 1949, the buildings of the Forbidden City became increasingly dilapidated and many palaces collapsed. On the eve of the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
1933, in order to protect its cultural relics from war damage or Japanese imperialist plunder, the Palace Museum decided to adopt the policy of moving cultural relics south to avoid the enemy, set up a cultural relics warehouse in Nanjing, and set up a branch of the Palace Museum in Nanjing.
1987, the Forbidden City in Beijing was listed as a world cultural heritage, and the 9,000 buildings in the Forbidden City in Beijing became priceless historical proof of China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Information about the Forbidden City
The Forbidden City in Beijing is the imperial palace of China in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is located in the center of Beijing's central axis and is the essence of ancient court architecture in China. The Forbidden City in Beijing is centered on three halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about10.5 million square meters. There are more than 70 palaces and 9000 houses. It is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden buildings in the world.
The Forbidden City in Beijing is known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world and is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction. 196 1 was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and 1987 was listed as a world cultural heritage.
Information about the Forbidden City in Beijing
The Forbidden City is located in the center of Beijing, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It is the imperial palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, an unparalleled masterpiece of ancient architecture, and the largest and most complete ancient architectural complex in the world.
The Forbidden City is the highest power center in China for more than five centuries. It became a precious historical witness of China civilization in Ming and Qing Dynasties with its garden landscape and huge buildings with 9,000 rooms.
Extended data:
There are four doors in the Forbidden City. The main entrance is called the meridian gate, and its plane is concave. There are five white marble arch bridges leading to Taihe Gate behind the Wumen Gate. The east gate is called Donghuamen, the west gate is called Xihuamen and the north gate is called Shenwumen. There are turrets at the four corners of the Forbidden City, which are 27.5 meters high and have a cross-shaped roof.
The outer court of the Forbidden City in Beijing is dominated by three halls. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe are all built on an 8-meter-high white marble I-shaped abutment, with the Hall of Supreme Harmony in front, the Hall of Zhonghe in the back and the Hall of Baohe in the back. The abutment has three overlapping layers, and the upper edge of each platform is decorated with railings, sentries and faucets carved with white marble. Among the three platforms, there are three stone steps carved with dragons, which set off the "Royal Road" with waves and flowing clouds.
There are 14 15 carved railings, Yunlong Xiangfeng 1460 carved sentry box and 165438 faucet on the 25,000m2 countertop. Three sets decorated with so many white marble, with overlapping shapes, are unique decorative arts in ancient buildings in China.
And this kind of decoration is the drainage pipe of the countertop in terms of structure and function. A small hole was carved under the stone of the fence board; There is also a small hole carved on the faucet, which extends below the sentry post. Every rainy season, three groups of rainwater are discharged from small holes layer by layer, and water flows out from the faucet. This is a scientific and artistic design.
Details of the Forbidden City
The Forbidden City in Beijing, formerly known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing's central axis. It is the palace of Ming and Qing dynasties, and it is the largest and best-preserved wooden palace building in the world. The Forbidden City has been selected as a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction.
The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing began in 1406 BC, was built by Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, and was completed in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, where 24 emperors once lived.
Palace buildings in the Forbidden City are the largest and most complete ancient buildings in China, with a total area of over 720,000 square meters. It is said that there are 9,999 semi-palaces, which are called "the sea of palaces". A central axis runs through the Forbidden City, which is on the central axis of Beijing. The three main halls, the last three palaces and the imperial garden are all located on this central axis. On both sides of the central axis palace, there are many temples symmetrically distributed.
The Forbidden City is divided into an outer court and an inner court. The outer court is centered on the three halls of Taihe, Zhonghe and Baohe, and the Wenhua Hall and Wuying Hall are two wings. The Forbidden City is centered on Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, with six palaces in the east and west as its wings, and its layout is rigorous and orderly. There are exquisite turrets in all four corners of the Forbidden City, which are beautifully built and very beautiful. Miyagi is surrounded by palace walls, which are 10 meters high and 3400 meters long. There is a moat 52 meters wide outside the wall.
At present, some palaces in the Forbidden City have established comprehensive historical and artistic museums, painting museums, classified ceramics museum, bronze museums, Ming and Qing craft museums, sculpture museums, toy museums, Four Treasures of the Study museums, toy museums, treasures museums, clocks and watches museums and cultural relics exhibitions in the Qing Dynasty. According to statistics, * * * has reached 1052653, accounting for one-sixth of the total national cultural relics.
The Forbidden City is called the first of the five largest palaces in the world.
Brief introduction of Beijing Forbidden City
introduce
The Forbidden City, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing, 65,438+0 kilometers north of Tiananmen Square and opposite the south gate of Jingshan. It is 753 meters wide from east to west and 96 1 meter long from north to south, covering an area of 720,000 square meters. It is the largest palace complex in the world. Outside the Forbidden City is a moat 52 meters wide and 6 meters deep. Hanoi is a wall with a circumference of 3 kilometers and a height of nearly 10 meter. There are doors on all sides of the city wall, with meridian gate in the south, Shenwu gate in the north, Donghua gate in the east and Xihua gate in the west. There are also four turrets standing at the four corners of the city wall, which are chic and exquisite. 1987 is listed in the World Heritage List.
The Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts, the south is the work area, that is, the outer court; To the north is the living area, the palace. All its buildings are arranged on the central axis, symmetrical and orderly.
The outer court is the place where the emperor handles political affairs. There are three main halls: Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe. Among them, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the highest and most splendid, with a width of 60. 1 m, a depth of 33.33 m and a height of 35.05 m.. The emperor's accession to the throne, wedding, conferring, ordering and going to war will all be held here. At that time, thousands of people "shouted three times" and hundreds of ritual vessels rang bells and drums, which was extremely royal. The Zhonghe Hall behind the Hall of Supreme Harmony is the place where the emperor rests and sacrifices before attending major ceremonies, while the Baohe Hall in the northernmost part is the place where the emperor holds banquets and palace examinations.
The Forbidden City includes Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace, as well as the East Sixth Palace and West Sixth Palace on the east and west sides. This is the place where the emperor and his concubines lived, commonly known as "three palaces and six courtyards". In the north of the residential area, there is also a small and unique imperial garden, which is a place for members of the royal family to play.
At present, there are comprehensive exhibitions in some palaces of the Forbidden City, which contain a large number of ancient art treasures, reaching more than 1.05 million pieces, accounting for 1/6 of the total national cultural relics. It is the museum with the richest collection of cultural relics in China and a world-famous museum of ancient culture and art.
Stroll in the Forbidden City
Central axis
Wumen: It's the main entrance of the Forbidden City. It's very magnificent. There are nine sides and five depths in the main hall of the rostrum, reflecting the Ninth Five-Year Plan. The main hall and the square pavilion with four corners are like five peaks, which are strewn at random, so they are also called "Five Peak Pagoda".
Taihe Gate: When you walk into the meridian gate, the square in front of Taihe Gate is in front of you. The first thing I saw was five Jinshui Bridges. Standing on the Jinshui Bridge and looking to the left, it is the Xihe Gate leading to Wuying Hall. This Wuying Hall is the place where Li Zicheng hastily ascended the throne, and also the office of Regent Dourgen. On the right side of the bridge is the Concorde Gate leading to the Wenhua Hall, which is the main hall of the Prince in the early Qing Dynasty and the place where famous banquet ceremonies were held. The back hall of Wenhua Hall is the famous Wen Yuan Pavilion, which is the court library of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it was built after the Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo. Right in front is Taihe Gate, on the left is Zhendu Gate, and on the right is Zhaode Gate, which forms the gates of the three halls.
Three halls: Hall of Supreme Harmony, Hall of Zhonghe and Hall of Baohe, which are the outward parts of the Forbidden City. The Hall of Supreme Harmony, commonly known as the Golden Throne Hall, is the highest and largest palace in the Forbidden City and even the whole country, with a surface profile of 1 1 and a double-eaved roof, which is the place where the imperial court holds major ceremonies. Zhonghe Hall is a square pavilion building, where the emperor prepares for activities in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and where the emperor checks the utensils before offering sacrifices and ploughing. Baohe Hall is the place where princes and ministers are hosted on New Year's Eve in Qing Dynasty, and it is also the place where palace examination, the highest imperial examination in Qing Dynasty, is held.
Gan Qing Gate: The gate connecting the outer court and the inner court, that is, the gate separating the first three halls and the last three palaces, also known as the Imperial Gate. A row of courtyards under the wall on the west side of Gan Qing Gate is a famous military department.
Jiaotai Hall: The second hall in the last three palaces. Its architectural form is basically similar to that of Zhonghe Hall, but the scale is slightly smaller. The Ming Dynasty was the queen's bedroom, and the Qing Dynasty was the place where the queen received gifts on her birthday. The ancient copper pot dripping on the east side of the throne of Jiaotai Hall and the modern dzmz on the west side are the time benchmarks of the palace and even the whole city, and the time of Shenwumen and Bell and Drum Tower is based on this.
Kunning Palace: the third of the last three palaces, which is the bedroom of the Empress of the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the second room was set as the bridal chamber for the emperor's wedding, and the fifth room was changed into a shrine of Shamanism. Shunzhi, Kangxi, Tongzhi, Guangxu and Puyi of the Qing Dynasty all used the new houses of Kunning Palace.
Imperial Garden: Go through the Palace of Kunning and you will come to the Imperial Garden. There are more than 20 halls and pavilions, 160 ancient trees and 2 rockery pools in the Imperial Garden. Qin 'an Hall, the central building of the royal garden, was built by Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty to worship Taoist gods. Dui Xiushan is the tallest building in the courtyard, and there is a royal pavilion on the hill, which is the climbing place of Emperor 1999 Double Ninth Festival. There are money pavilions and longevity pavilions on both sides of the garden. At the northern end of the imperial garden is Shunzhen Gate, where Emperor Jiaqing was assassinated. When you leave Shunzhen Gate, you arrive at Shenwumen Gate, and the central axis of the Forbidden City ends here.
East road
Dongliugong: including Zhongcui Palace, Chenggan Palace, Ren Jing Palace, Jingyang Palace, Yonghe Palace and Yan Xi Palace. Among them, Empress Dowager Ci 'an lived in Zhongcui Palace. In addition, Yan Xi Palace is also famous, because the only western building in the Forbidden City is Yan Xi Palace, which is the Crystal Palace widely circulated among the people. Unfortunately, Yan Xi Palace is not open to the public.
Ningshou Palace: The whole palace group is divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the later dynasty, with strict layout and luxurious decoration. Among them, Ningshou Palace Garden is the most well known. Currently under maintenance, it is temporarily closed. The most famous garden in Ningshou Palace is Liu Beiting. On March 3 every year, the emperor and several ministers sit around the pavilion, put the glass on the water, follow the water and stop in front of someone who will drink all the wine in the glass and write a poem. Yin Chang Pavilion is the largest stage in the palace, located in the back bedroom of Ningshou Palace, with three floors, the lowest floor being 2 10 square meter. Mei Lanfang and Tan Xinpei both performed here.
Zhenfeijing: Located at the northernmost part of Waidong Road, it is the last stop to visit the Forbidden City.
West Road
West Sixth Palace: including Palace of Gathered Elegance, Yikun Palace, Yongshou Palace, Xianfu Palace, Changchun Palace and Taiji Hall. The East Palace, the West Palace and the Sixth Palace are each a square with a width of 50 meters and a depth of 50 meters, which adopts the pattern of one front, two compartments and two houses. Changchun Palace in the West Sixth Palace is famous for the murals of A Dream of Red Mansions. Palace of Gathered Elegance kept the original appearance of Empress Dowager Cixi on her 50th birthday. At that time, Empress Dowager Cixi ignored the national crisis and was extravagant. It demolished the Chuxiu Gate and became a whole with Yikun Palace, becoming a big courtyard with four entrances. The yard is luxuriously decorated.
Hall of mental cultivation: I-shaped building, divided into two bedrooms, front and back, with a hall connected in the middle. There are three rooms in the front hall, one in the middle is the place where the emperor summoned his ministers to handle government affairs, and the other in the east is the place where he listened to politics behind the scenes. On the west, there is a plaque inscribed by Yong Zhengdi, where the emperor summoned the Minister of Military Affairs. The West Warm Pavilion of Yangxintang has the famous Sanxitang, which is famous for its three copybooks. They are Wang Xizhi's Quick Snow Clear Post, Wang Xizhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Wang's Yuan Bo Post. Among the three posts, "A sunny post in the snow" is in Taipei, and the other two posts are now in the Forbidden City.
Cining Palace: hall of mental cultivation, Xiliu Palace and Xiwu form Inner West Road. On the west side of this road, there is another building called Waixi Road. Cining Palace is where Empress Dowager Cixi lives. But the buildings along this road are not open to the public.
Shu Fangzhai: On both sides of the Imperial Garden are the East Fifth Courtyard and the West Fifth Courtyard, which are kindergartens in the palace. Emperor Qianlong lived in two of the West Fifth Courtyard, so he became a secluded house, so he was converted into the Chinese Palace after he acceded to the throne. Zhonghua Palace East Road is the famous Shufangzhai. Shu Fangzhai has a stage, second only to Yin Chang Pavilion. Every year on the third day of the first month, Emperor Qianlong held a tea party here to entertain the ministers of civil and military affairs. Shufangzhai is not open to the public.