From "University Question"
The book published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1992 and 12 was written by Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming). This book is a programmatic philosophical work by Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming) and is regarded by his disciples as an introductory textbook for studying Confucian saints.
Da Wen Xue is an important classic of Yangming studies. Yangming, a great scholar in China in the Ming Dynasty, was also a scholar in Wang Shouren. Wen and Wu, Confucius and Mencius, Zhu Xi and Yang Ming are bridges connecting the past and the future, and their status and role are also very important. Looking at China's three religions and nine schools of thought, Yangming is a bright pearl, and this metaphor cannot be overemphasized. Among the three temples, Confucius is in the center, Sakyamuni is on the left, and Laozi is on the right, and vice versa. This is also Yang Ming's public view. Yangming has a deep foundation in Confucianism, and he has the ability and courage to go in and out of Buddhism and Taoism. He not only distinguishes names from appearances, but also practices them. Finally, he combined the three factions into one and drew the word "to conscience" as the master key, saying that acting according to conscience at any time and place is a great mantra and a supreme truth. Yangming is a rare all-rounder He is a thinker, politician, strategist, writer, poet and calligrapher. After Lu Jiuyuan, he is a master of China's psychological system and has made great achievements. This complete work has two volumes. However, it is necessary to say that its central idea is in Wen Xue. Please look at the preface of his disciple Qian Dehong, and then look at the simple, beautiful and smooth original question-and-answer style of "University Question". If you can't enlighten yourself, you will feel refreshed and refreshed.
Original text:
Yang replied: "An adult is a person who integrates the universe. It regards the world as one family and China as one person. If the husband is ruined and splits himself, he is a villain. The ability of adults to integrate everything in the world is unintentional. If their hearts are kind, they will be integrated with everything in the world. Only adults? Although the villain's heart is nothing else, he cares about his ears. Therefore, when a willing son goes into the well, there must be compassion, which is the fusion of his benevolence and his willing son. Obedient people are the same kind. When they see the cries of birds and animals, they will have a patient heart. This is the integration of their benevolence and birds and animals. There are people who are aware of birds and animals, and they will have compassion when they see the destruction of vegetation. This is the fusion of their benevolence and vegetation. There are still merchants in vegetation, and when they see the rubble destroyed, they will have pity, which is the unity of their benevolence and rubble. It is also the benevolence of its integration, although there must be a villain's heart. Rooted in the nature of destiny, the natural spirit is not ignorant, so the heart of the villain called "Mingde" has broken away from humility, and its integral benevolence can still be ignored, because it is not moved by desire, but does not hide it privately. Moreover, it moves in desire, hides in private, interests attack each other, and anger inspires each other. It will destroy things by hook or by crook, to the point where flesh and blood eat each other and one body dies. Therefore, if you are covered by selfless desires, you are a villain, but being a Jew is also a benevolent; When there is a cover of selfish desires, it is an adult's heart, but its separation is still despicable. Therefore, the husband is an adult scholar. He only needs to get rid of his own selfish desires, and he can understand his own virtue and restore his nature of integration of heaven and earth. I can't be outside, but I have gained something. "
Translation:
Mr. Yangming replied: "The so-called' adult' refers to the kind of person who regards everything in the world as a whole. They regard all the people in the world as a family, and all China people as one person. If someone distinguishes you and me according to their appearance, such a person is the so-called' villain'. Adults can regard the universe as a whole, not because they intend to do so, but because the benevolence in their hearts is like this, and they are a whole with the universe. Is it only for adults? Even the villain's heart is not like this, just think of himself as a villain. Therefore, when he saw the child fall into the well, he naturally felt fear and sympathy, indicating that his benevolence and virtue were integrated with the child. A child still belongs to his own kind. When he sees the sad chirping of birds and animals or the trembling of fear, he will have the heart to listen or watch, which shows that his benevolence is integrated with birds and animals. Birds and beasts are still spiritual animals. When he sees flowers and trees being trampled and broken, he will inevitably have pity and sympathy, which means that his benevolence is integrated with flowers and trees. Flowers and trees are still living plants. When he sees bricks and slates being smashed or smashed, he will inevitably feel sorry, which shows that his benevolence and bricks and slates are also one. This is the kind of sexual virtue that integrates all things, even in the minds of villains, this kind of sexual virtue is inevitable. This kind of sexual virtue stems from the innate nature of destiny. Born bright but not dark, it is called' Mingde'. The heart of the villain has been divided and become narrow and humble. However, his benevolence is the unity of all things, which can be displayed normally instead of being eclipsed, because his heart is not driven by desire or blinded by self-interest. When his heart is driven by desire, blinded by self-interest, blinded by conflicts of interest, blinded by unspeakable anger, he will destroy things and harm people, and even his relatives will kill each other. At this time, his inner love for everything will completely die out. Therefore, when there is no selfish desire, although it is a villain's heart, its benevolence to all things is the same as that of adults; Once there is a barrier of selfish desires, although it is an adult's heart, it will be separated like a villain's heart and become narrow and humble. Therefore, people who are committed to adult education are just doing natural benevolence to remove the barriers of selfish desires, show bright virtue and restore the integration of heaven and earth. It is impossible to add or subtract anything outside the ontology. "