The ancients said: the shape is above the rivers and seas, the heart is below Wei Que, and the name of thinking is also 1. The idea of literature is also far away. Therefore, I am silent and worried, thinking about the Millennium; Sad and moving, see Wan Li; Between chanting, breathing the sound of pearls and jade; Before it is imminent, the color of Shu Fengyun; The reason for thinking is almost 3. Therefore, it is better to think about the truth, God and things do 4. God lives in his chest, but ambition is the key. Things follow eyes and ears, but language controls its cardinal number 6. Cardinal Fang Tong, then things have no hidden appearance; If the key is blocked, then God will have a heart. Based on Tao Jun's literary thought, it is important to be quiet, quiet and cherish the five treasures. You should accumulate knowledge and treasure, only when it makes sense can you become rich. Learn to read poor photos, train and express your condolences to 10, then make a mysterious solution to slaughter, find the rhythm and set the ink at 1 1, and be a craftsman who takes photos alone. My husband is full of luck, and everything is fascinating. The rules are empty and invisible. Mountaineering is full of feelings, while watching the sea is full of meaning. How much of me will go with the wind. Fang, before he left in anger, it was almost over, and the half-folding heart began at 15. What is this? 16 means empty and easy to wonder, but it's hard to be smart when it's true. It is to give thought with meaning, to give meaning with words, the secret is boundless, the sparse is 17, or the square inch is bright, or the mountains and rivers are close 18. It is based on grasping the heart and supporting skills, regardless of anything, including seals and contracts. It is also 19.
People's talents are different in speed and size. The strength is remarkable: like a pen, 20; Yang Xiong's dream is 21; Huan Tan's illness is 22; Wang's inflation rate is 23; Zhang Heng studied in Beijing for 24 years; Zuo Si's practice is 25 years; Although there are great works, but also slow thinking. The king of Huainan paid homage to the imperial court to give Sao 26, Gao Meiying gave it to him by imperial edict 27, Zi Jian gave it to the calf to recite 28, Zhong Xuan gave him a pen like Su 29, Ruan Yu wrote a book according to the case 30, and Mi Fei played 3 1 while eating grass. Although he has short stories, he is also quick-thinking. If his husband is a gentleman, his heart always needs surgery, and he should become sensitive before thinking. People who meditate at 32 will forgive their differences. After learning from their doubts, they will decide after careful consideration. Be smart, expect success, the longer you worry, the harder it is, and the more you practice. Learn shallow, learn late, learn slowly, learn slowly. If you don't know before, you will worry about temporary articles. The lesser of the two evils: the depressed suffer from poverty and the abstainer suffers from injury. However, knowledge is food for the poor, and consistency 34 is a good medicine to save chaos. Being knowledgeable and becoming a person is also good for the heart.
If the number of emotions is complicated, the body will change. Stupid words are pregnant with clever meanings, and mediocre things are sprouting new ideas. According to the linen cloth, although the cloud is not as expensive as 35, the shaft is dedicated and the whole is precious. As for the purpose of thinking, writing is not pursued, and pen is solid in Zhi Zhi. To accurately explain its mystery, to change and understand its number, we can't say Ding 37, and Lunping can't say Jin 38, which is very small!
Zan: God uses images to communicate and get pregnant. Things should be sought by appearance, but by heart. Carving melody, budding competition, considering 39 contracts, hanging curtains to win 40.
Note 1: Three sentences above the river and sea: For the language, see Zhuangzi Jean Wang. Weique, the palace gate of ancient kings, refers to the imperial court. Wen Zhuang's original intention is to yearn for high-ranking officials to be generous as an objection, and Liu Xie's quotation here abandons the original intention, indicating that meditation is an imaginative activity that is not limited by time and space. 2. The thinking of the text is also two sentences: the text is conceived for the text and the imagination is endless. 3. Therefore, I am silent and worried about nine sentences: a writer can transcend time and space when imagining things. When chanting, I made a golden voice, as if I could see the changing scenery in front of me. This is the situation of artistic conception. 4. Thinking is wonderful: thinking, artistic conception. God, the author's imagination; Things, the image of things; Swimming, activities together. The magic of artistic conception here is that it can closely combine imagination with the image of things. 5. God lives in the chest: God is thinking; Ambitions, thoughts, feelings. The key is that the author's imagination is restricted by his thoughts and feelings. 6. Things follow the ear: rhetoric, words. On Yi Cohesion: "The cardinal of a gentleman's words and deeds." The author feels things through eyes and ears and expresses them through words. 7. "Cardinal Fang Tong" four sentences: Cardinal, here is a pronoun used for speech. The first two sentences say that mastering the key words can convey the meaning, and then the expression of objects and images can be presented in detail. The last two sentences say that thoughts are stagnant and feelings are exhausted, so thoughts will be blocked. 8. "Tao Jun Si Wen" two sentences: Tao Jun, the wheel of pottery. Here, as a verb, it means to be pregnant, to get rid of other thoughts, to be quiet and to be single-minded. 9 "Shuwu Zang" two sentences: Zang, dirty. General Theory of White Tiger: Five Zang Organs Dominate Temperament: "What are the Five Zang Organs? It means liver, heart, lung, kidney and spleen. " Xuan, dredge. "Zhuangzi knows this tour": "Lao Dan said: If you are full of food, you will bathe in snow." The second sentence is to make the heart smooth and the spirit clean. 10 "Accumulate learning and store treasures" four sentences: want, want, want, want, want, interpret, sort out and use. There are several conditions for a smooth conception: you should think deeply about mechanics to accumulate knowledge and analyze things to enrich your talents. Extensive and in-depth study of images, and gradually got the appropriate words in the conception. 1 1 "then make the mysterious solution kill" two sentences: the mysterious solution refers to understanding profound truth. Slaughter, domination, this refers to the writer's mind, temperament, syllables, here refers to writing skills. Put ink, that is, put pen to paper. These two sentences mean that if a writer has a mind that understands profound truth, he will find appropriate skills to write articles. 12 "A craftsman who takes photos alone": A craftsman who takes photos alone is a person with unique opinions. Easy, that is, peep. Image refers to the realm imagined by the author. Jin Yun's Zhuangzi Xu Wugui: "A skillful craftsman makes a fortune." The original meaning is waving tools, which means writing here. These two sentences say that when the author has a unique opinion, he can write at will. 13 finale: main points. 14 four sentences: "Thinking is the best way to move": These four sentences mean that ideas have just begun, and various ideas are scrambling to produce. You can't write according to certain rules, but you must carve and carve things that are not specific yet. 15 Fang Qi Bai Han four sentences: Bai Han, get a pen, before resigning, before writing an article. These four sentences mean that the author was very energetic and vigorous before writing, but after writing the article, he felt that he had only written half of his thoughts. 16 means that imagination is easy to be excellent, but once written, it is difficult to be wonderful. 17 four sentences: Interpretation of Liu Yongji's "Wen Xin Diao Long": "The meaning of this statement is influenced by literary thinking, and the meaning of the text is influenced by the meaning of the text. When it is covered by literary meaning, there is literary expression, and its origin is also in literary thinking. It means that creation goes through several processes, from content to thought to language, and it is well conceived, such as seamless, and vice versa. 18 "The truth lies in the square inch": the square inch, the heart. Domain, beyond boundaries, refers to a very far place, which means that sometimes the truth or thought in creation is close at hand, but you have to go far away to find it, and the result is like a mountain and a river. 19 "grasping the mind and nourishing the nature" four sentences: grasping. Technique refers to the technique of composition. Chapter, literary talent. Contract, about coupons. The meaning here is rules. These four sentences mean that a writer has considerable ideological accomplishment and certain artistic foundation. When you create, you won't bother to think. 20 phase rotten as a pen: "Han Gao Mei Biography": "Good at writing and late. "2 1 Yang Xiongmeng Shocked the Han Dynasty: The Complete Works of the Later Han Dynasty (Volume 14) and Huan Tan's" A New Theory of Removing Masks ".Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was fortunate to be in Ganquan Palace and asked Yang Xiong to write a poem. Yang Xiong was very tired. He lay down and dreamed that his insides flowed to the ground. He put them in his chest and abdomen by hand. 22 Huan Tan's illness is difficult to think about: Huan Tan's "New Theory": "When I was young, I saw Yang Ziyun's beautiful essays, but I didn't think about making new progress and wanted to catch them. If you taste a little thing, you will contribute. If you are too dramatic, you will be moved to get sick. " 23 Wang Qi exhausted his thoughts: The Biography of Wang Chong in the Later Han Dynasty: "On the theory of filling, I thought behind closed doors ... He wrote eighty-five articles on Heng, with more than 200,000 words, and his ambition gradually diminished ..." 24 Zhang Heng's Ten Years of Studying Beijing: The History of the Later Han Dynasty Zhang Hengchuan: "Heng Nai plans to write it in the second capital. Think about Fu Hui, it will take ten years. "Zuo Si's practice is based on one commandment: one commandment, twelve years. Preface to the Selected Works of Sandu Li Fushan comments on Zang's Book of Jin: "Zuo Si's words are too impulsive ... I want to write Sandu Fu ... So I conceived ten blessings, and when Zhang Hua saw them, he went to ask for advice ..." 26 Huainan worships the court and gives Sao: Huainan, Liu Yue, Huainan Wang and Gaoyou before the Han Dynasty "Explain Huainan Narration": "Emperor Xiaowen plays an important role. He has had breakfast every morning since he was appointed. " 27 Assigned at the behest: "Biography of Gao Mei": "There is love in the world, and it must be given. It is a literary disease, and it has achieved something, so there are many people. "28 Zijian aided the calf and recited: Zijian, Cao," Answering the rules of Linzi Hou ":"Taste the deacon, write a pen, and achieve something. If I recite books in my heart and borrow books from my hands, I have never thought about it, so I think less. "The 29-year-old Zhong Xuanju's pen is like a structure:, Wang Can's Ci Biography of the Three Kingdoms,, Wang Can:" Those who are good at writing can use a pen, and there is no change. People usually think that this is a cabin structure. However, if you are deeply impressed, you can't add it. " 30 Ruan Yu wrote a book according to the case: Biography of the Three Kingdoms of Shu Wei and Wang Shen, and quoted Dian lue as saying: "Mao wanted to write a book with Han Sui. When Mao was close to going out, he followed. Because he had grass at once, the book was submitted, and Mao personally wanted to make a decision, but he could not increase the loss. "3 1 Mi Fei plays grass while eating: a biography of Mi Fei in the later Han Dynasty:" Liu Biao tried to play grass with literati, which was very talented. You can still see the balance when it comes out. Less than a week after the province was opened, it was destroyed to the ground. The expression is terrible, and he is always writing for a pen, and the words are considerable. Show great joy, interest and weight. "Biography of Mi Fei" says: "When Huang Zu's eldest son shot, he was the guest of the conference. Some people will send a parrot, and he will say,' I hope you can give it to the guests for entertainment.' He wrote it with his own handwriting, and the text is indistinguishable and beautiful. "32 Meditation: Deep thinking. Bolian: extensive practice, integrating knowledge, reasoning, learning and training. 34 "Consistency is to save chaos" sentence: Consistency, consistency, that is, there is a central and key meaning, that is, the full text is integrated with a central idea to correct the confusion of words. It depends on linen, although the cloud is not expensive: compared with linen, the quality of the two is similar. 36. The spindle has made a contribution and is a treasure: but hemp is processed and woven into cloth. 37 indescribable Ding: According to Lu Chunqiu's Book, Yi Yin told me that the peculiar smell in Ding was so delicate that it could not be explained clearly. Soft and flat can't be called: "Wheel Flat" is a famous craftsman who only cuts trees into wheels. According to Zhuangzi Heaven, Lun Ping told Qi Huangong: If you want to chop the wheel quickly or slowly, you can't understand the skills for your son. 39 troubles: getting pregnant. 40 Hanging the curtain to win: that is, standing behind the curtain, the text "Hanshu Zhuan Xu Xia Dong's biography of the middle book": "Thinking behind the curtain" refers to writing in a quiet environment, in order to write satisfactory and excellent works.
The ancients said, "Although I live in seclusion in the Jianghu, my heart is still attached to the imperial court." It is said that the spirit can fly far and long time. Therefore, when you think quietly, your thoughts can be connected for thousands of years; Facial expressions are changing quietly, and vision can communicate with Wan Li remotely. During the recitation, the sound in my mouth is like jade, and the changing scenery emerges in front of me. This is what happens when you conceive art!
So the situation of artistic conception is very subtle, which lies in the connection and combination of subjective spirit and objective things. Imagination lives in the chest, and thoughts and feelings are the key to dominate it. Objective things touch your eyes and ears, and language is a key to express them. When this key is turned on, the music that things can express is wonderful and there is nothing to hide. On the contrary, when this key is stagnant, imagination will run away quietly.
Therefore, when using literary thinking, what is valuable lies in the inner emptiness. To do this, we must adjust our psychology and purify our mind. Constantly learn and accumulate knowledge at ordinary times; Analyze things to enrich talents; Observe and study objective things extensively and deeply, and understand the essence of things; And gradually get the right words in the process of conception. With this cultivation, the mind can dominate and find the law of sound to put pen to paper; Tell the eye to be unique, spy on the image in your heart and write it. This is the primary method of writing an article and the premise of layout.
At the beginning of the conception activity, there were many ideas competing to present, and there was no rule to follow how to put pen to paper; No image can be captured, no matter how it is depicted. If it is mountaineering, the mountain is full of feelings. If you look at the sea, the sea is full of interest. At this time, how much imagination I have will keep up with the changes in the situation. There was a lot of momentum before writing, but after the article was written, what was written was only half what I thought. Why is this happening? That's because thoughts and feelings can soar in the air, and they can easily be turned into fantasies by surprises, but the language is very specific and solid, and it is difficult to use it perfectly.
Ideological content is obtained through imaginative thinking, and language form is determined by ideological content. The combination of the two is seamless, and the combination is not good, which is thousands of miles away. Sometimes the truth is within a square inch nearby, but it is far from home. Sometimes the meaning is close at hand, but the thinking is far away. Therefore, only by maintaining inner peace and mastering writing skills, there is no need to pursue hard thinking. When you are full of literary talent and grasp the rules, you don't have to think in vain.
People's talents are different, and their writing speed is also different. Due to different genres, the amount of works created is also different. Sima Xiangru thought with a pen and almost rotted the brush; Yang Xiong quit writing and thought hard, so he had a nightmare; Huan Tan thought hard and was seriously ill; Wang Chong was absorbed in meditation, and finally he was exhausted. Zhang Heng grinds "Erjing Fu" for ten years; Zuo Si spent ten years hammering Sandu Fu. Although some of them are masterpieces, they are also related to the dullness of literary thinking. Huainan Wang wrote Li Sao Fu all morning. Write a letter in one breath; Cao Zijian picked up the pen and felt as if it were in his heart; Wang raised his pen as if he had made a draft; Ruan Yu wrote a letter and waited by the horse, while Mi Heng waved paper at the banquet. Although some of them are short stories, they are also quick ideas.
People with quick thinking have a general idea in their hearts. I have a basic feeling before thinking carefully, so I can make a decisive decision when solving problems. People with heavy thoughts have many clues. Only after repeated doubts can they make judgments and make up their minds after repeated consideration. Because the machine has become agile, the creation has been completed in a hurry; It is precisely because of hesitation that it will take a long time to get results. Although the difficulty is different, it needs to be broad and concise. If you are poor in knowledge, it is useless to write slowly, but if you are poor in talent, it is useless to write quickly: you can write excellent works based on these, which are unheard of.
Therefore, there are usually two problems in designing a text: one is that the thinking is unreasonable, which makes the content suffer from poverty; One is the abuse of words, which leads to the disorder of arts and sciences. However, to broaden one's knowledge is to help the poor; Highlighting the main line runs through the whole article in order to save the messy medical stone. Generosity and purity also contribute to the use of mental work.
There are different kinds of ideological content in works; The forms of expression are also rich and varied. Sometimes the meaning of life is clever, but the written words are clumsy, and mediocre things can sprout new ideas. Compared with hemp or flax, the texture is the same, but because of the processing of the loom, the literary talent is brand-new or becomes a treasure.
As for the subtle interests that thoughts can't express, the twists and turns that can't be expressed, and the language can't keep up, of course, writing must stop. Only a person with a very sharp mind can clarify its mystery. Only the most flexible person can bend its solution. Yi Yin can't describe all kinds of delicious food in Cooking Hair, nor can he describe the skill of cutting wheels with a golden axe. Probably because it is too exquisite!
To sum up: the spirit is used, the image is shared, and it is also bred by changes in thoughts and feelings. To describe foreign objects, we can start with the appearance; Express a person's heart, so it is reflected from his thoughts and feelings. Sculpting in sonorous language according to temperament; Let all kinds of metaphors and expressions sprout and grow, and create images with full language. In this way, we can conceive for the article, be ingenious, improve our knowledge and artistic accomplishment through hard study, and successfully complete the task.
Comments: Fan Wenlan's Notes on Wen Xin Diao Long: The first analysis style of Wen Xin is the theory of distinguishing chapters and articles; The next part discusses the art of writing, in order to mention the outline and dimension. The first part is noble, grand and clear; The next part explores seclusion, subtly and smoothly. Sun Mei's "Liu Si Cong Hua" refers to Yan He's book, which sums up everything and reveals his heart wonderfully. Within fifty articles, the essence of a hundred generations has been prepared, so what you know is true!
Huang Kan's Notes on the Literary Mind Carving Dragons: "Thinking about the mind with this statement is not limited to the view of things, or building things by feeling things, or building things with the heart. Regardless of the depth, thinking about the actions of reason and finding the image of the heart has two ends: First, knowing each other from this shore and having the ability to measure; One is to seek common ground while reserving differences, which is comprehensive. From this, the two sides, in order to unify all things, learn the origin, know from now on, the article is rich, and this is also true. "
Ji Yun: Comments on Ji You: "This is a layer of work to supplement publishing and change it. It is a wonderful way to think about foreigners. It has gone beyond the level that pen and ink can describe, and the reasons for thinking are all-encompassing. "
The overall case "Wen Xin Diao Long" is a masterpiece in the history of ancient Chinese literary criticism, and Shensi is a part of its "creation theory", so it has a very important position and significance in the study of "Dragon Studies".
In the discussion of artistic imagination, thinking is not "unprecedented", and the systematic discussion of thinking began at the latest in Lu Ji's Wen Fu, and Liu Xie can not only inherit the incisive part of thinking, such as inspiration theory, but also find a new way in style, writer's talent, temperament and creative speed.
What is particularly commendable is that Liu Xie not only quoted the great wealth, but also analyzed it in detail. As you can imagine, he is familiar with the author's creative process and deeds to the extent of "one branch and one leaf always concerns the situation", so he can "start from history" when establishing his own views, instead of artificially cutting and deducing history according to the established framework, which is very worthy of modern people's learning. Carry forward tradition. Engels attributed Hegel's profound sense of history to his consistent correctness in analyzing problems. It should be said that there are also reasons for the success of Wen Xin Diao Long. Nowadays, in academic research, people can't grasp historical materials, so there is a common problem of "rootless wandering", which is a worrying phenomenon. Wen Xin Diao Long can be used as a medicine stone.
In terms of artistic features, we are surprised to note that Wen Xin Diao Long is a building built by parallel prose, and Liu Xie's mastery of this style has reached an unconstrained degree, and the form and content are closely combined. Gentle. In the careful discussion, it exudes beautiful luster. So this is another creation of Liu Xie. Usually, the style of parallel prose is criticized for its external beauty and the hardships of creation. But no one has ever accused Liu Zhifeng. Accuse him of not liking this style. This situation is very interesting. On the one hand, it shows that Wen Xin's brilliant achievements in parallel prose make the most demanding critics flinch. On the other hand, it shows that parallel prose has its own charm and vitality. In fact, Han Yu, who advocated "ancient prose", did not "annihilate" it, but also immersed it. In the new era, we have bid farewell to the concept of "writing carries Tao", and we should re-evaluate it with a new and tolerant eye.