Crying in Xitai, learning from three sages. Playing the flute for begging is always pitiful. The hero is not dead, but he often kills and fishes. Why Yan, Xu Qingmen and Gua are all planted in Houtian.
-Xu
There were two Xu Shi Qi in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. One is a dramatist, and the other is a poet named Ling, a native of Tanzhe Temple and Yangzhou. There were six kinds of Tanzhe songs during the Qing Shunzhi and Kangxi periods. The other is Xu, the author of this song. He was the minister of punishments during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, and later resigned. This poem was written shortly before Xu's martyrdom. Between the lines, it is full of deep attachment to the motherland, and the spirit of loyalty can really reach the sky.
The first rhyme of the whole word is a three-character short sentence: "Looking at the Central Plains from afar." When Du Fu was out of troubled times, he was deeply in love with boxing. He once wrote a famous sentence, "Every Beidou Wangjing Flower" (the second of the eight prosperous autumn songs), and the author's "hope" coincides with him. This hope, what do you see? He saw that Beijing was being destroyed by fire. The exotic flowers and trees in the Forbidden City in the Ming Dynasty were shrouded in smoke and dust, and the scene was very sad. Although this is his imagination, it is the most realistic imagination. The following sentence, "Sitting up in shock, dreaming in front of Jiangling on a cold night", tells people that "looking at the Central Plains" in front of them is a dream at night, and the scene seen in the dream makes the author feel infinite grief and indignation, so he wakes up from the dream. Jiangling, the mausoleum of Sun Quan, the Emperor of the Three Kingdoms, was named after the southern foot of Jiangshan Mountain. Shan Jiang is the alias of Zhongshan in Nanjing today. Sadula's "Man Jiang Ling Nostalgia" refers to the so-called "Jiang, Qinhuai Bi". In fact, the author uses the word "Jiangling", which has another meaning. Zhu Yuanzhang's tomb is at the foot of Zhongshan Mountain in Nanjing. "Before the dream breaks Jiangling" means before the dream breaks Xiaoling. The Forbidden City used a straight pen to predict the smoke, and Dream of Breaking Jiangling used a curved pen. It also shows that although the author is loyal and angry, he is meticulous in artistic expression. The sentence "Startled up to sit" reminds people of Yuan Zhen's famous sentence "Startled up to sit when he was dying, and the dark wind and rain hit the cold window" (I heard that Lotte awarded Jiangzhou Sima), which is a very sad language. The dream is awake, but the dilapidated scene of the "Forbidden City" being ravaged by the enemy still lingers in my heart. "Golden people pour jade dew", and the golden copper fairy dew plate in the palace is overturned; "Jade girl embroidered with moss money", the original clean and tidy court is covered with moss every day. The bronze statue "Golden Man" refers to the golden bronze fairy who held up the plate to meet the sky when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Li He's "Preface to Han Songs" says: "In August of the first year of Qinglong in Wei Mingdi, imperial court officials drove to pick up the immortal of Han Xiaowu and set up the front hall. When the palace official dismantled the dish, the immortal was still in tears. " Often used as an allusion to express the feeling of ups and downs. "moss money", the moss point is round, such as money, hence the name. The ground is covered with moss and money, and of course it is desolate. For example, Liu Xiaowei's "Poems of Complaint" says: "Danting is inclined to the grass path, and the wall is covered with money." The author, full of grief and indignation, was really angry at the moment, so he exhaled: "Who can get drunk and leave the string gradually?" -Who can sing "Song of Xiao" like Gao Jianli, who was drunk at the end of the Warring States Period, to see off Jing Ke, the hero who went to assassinate the king of Qin? Here is the allusions in Historical Records Biography of Rangers, which obviously refers to the Qing army with the metaphor of violent Qin, reflecting the strong desire to retreat from the enemy and save the country. When I think of Gao Jianli (who later attempted to assassinate the king of Qin), it seems that there is still the idea of "catching the thief first, then catching the king", and I want the enemy's toast to die early.
The next paragraph is mainly about unyielding fighting will. "Crying in the West Taiwan, learning from the sages of the three clans", with the memorial ceremony of Wen Tianxiang held by Xie Ao, a poet who died after the Song Dynasty, in the Diaoyutai of Fuchun, Jiangxi Province, and Chu Nangong's words "Although Chu is in the three clans, Qin will die" recorded in Historical Records of Xiang Yu, it is said that we should learn from our mistakes, unite with people from all walks of life, hold high the banner of righteousness and fight against the Qing Dynasty. "Three households" originally refers to a few people, and here refers to those who insist on honesty and refuse to give in. In the next two sentences, he added: Although the anti-Qing struggle has suffered great setbacks, I never want to be a "poor" person who "blows a flute and begs for food" and wears a "soap hat" askew to drag out an ignoble existence. "Playing the flute begging for food" was a matter for Wu Zixu in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Records of the Historian Biography of Fan Ju and Cai Ze, "Wu Zixu walked out of Zhaoguan with a heavy load and lay down at night. As for Lingshui, there is no way to paste his mouth. Bow down, blow on your belly, and beg for food in Wucheng. " Pei Jian explained: "(Pool) is." This word is literally borrowed from this code. Soap hat, black hat, the most common dress. The author never wanted to demoralize himself, so he declared, "The hero is not dead, but he can always kill and fish." He thinks there may be heroes hidden among butchers and fishermen, such as Fan Kuai who rebelled with Liu Bang at the end of Qin Dynasty. He killed dogs for a living. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Fei also killed pigs for a living, while Jiang Taigong fished in Panxi River, and later helped King Wu destroy the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which made great contributions. Therefore, as long as we are good at absorbing talents, there is still hope of victory in the anti-Qing struggle. Finally, he believes that at this moment, we must strengthen our faith and never be discouraged by the strength of the enemy. At present, it is not appropriate to follow the example of "Qingmen" to grow melons. The word "Youyan" has a strong derogatory tone, negates what is not desirable, and shows the indomitable and heroic spirit. According to "San Fu Huang Tu", "East of Chang 'an, the first gate at the southern end is called the city gate. When people see the door is blue, it is called Qingcheng Gate, or Qingcheng Gate. There is a beautiful melon outside the door. Guangling people call it Ping Qindong Mausoleum, and Qin is broken into cloth, near Qingmen. "It is not only a sense of vicissitudes, but also a sense of criticizing the closed door and advocating active struggle. In the opposite sense, it uses allusions flexibly, giving rise to a strong sense of motivation for this word.