In the 8th century, the barbarians had become feudal lords across the European continent, and King Charlemagne of the Franks became one of the greatest rulers in Europe. After decades of war, he unified most of Western Europe and established the Carolingian dynasty.
Charlemagne's ideal is to restore the prosperity of Rome in the past and restore the tradition of Rome culturally. He convened a large number of literati and scholars to collect and organize ancient books in the capital Achen, and asked artists to create in imitation of classical styles. A trend of reviving classical culture centered on the court was formed, which is historically known as the "Carolingian Renaissance".