1. Metasequoia glyptostroboides: gymnosperm Taxodiaceae. Deciduous trees with opposite branchlets and drooping leaves. The leaves are linear, opposite, pinnately compound, 1- 1.7 cm long, with 4-8 stomatal lines on the lower sides. Monoecious. The cone is pendulous, nearly spherical, slightly 4-angled, long 1.8-2.5 cm, and the stalk is long; The seed scales are woody and shield-shaped, with 5-9 seeds per scale, flat and narrow wings around. There were about 6-7 species of Metasequoia in Mesozoic Cretaceous and Cenozoic, which were considered extinct in the past. 194 1 year, China botanists first discovered this famous ancient and rare tree species in Modaoxi, Wanxian County, Sichuan Province. According to a recent survey, giant trees over 300 years old have been found in Wanxian, Shizhu, Lichuan, Longshan, Sangzhi and other places in Hubei. Metasequoia glyptostroboides has strong adaptability and likes to be wet, and is cultivated all over southern Beijing. This material is light and soft, and can be used in construction, sheet metal, paper making, etc. Beautiful trees, ornamental trees in the garden
Davidia involucrata is a deciduous tree. It can grow to 15 ~ 25m high, with wide oval leaves and serrated edges. There is only one genus and two species of undergraduate plants. The two species are very similar, but the leaves of one species are hairy and the leaves of the other species are smooth. These colorful flowers are very wonderful, and they are plants left over from the Cenozoic tertiary 6.5438+million years ago. During the Quaternary Glacier Period, Davidia involucrata died out in most areas, and only parts of southern China survived. Luoyang Lucheng agriculture has been successfully propagated and planted on a large scale. It has become a "living fossil" in today's plant world, known as "China's pigeon tree", also known as "pigeon flower tree" and "water pear". Wild species only grow in Sichuan province in southwest China and Hubei province in central China and its surrounding areas. Davidia involucrata is listed as a national key protected wild plant, which is endemic to China, belongs to relict plant and is also a world-famous ornamental plant. It is a national first-class protected plant. Davidia involucrata was first discovered by the French missionary David as a westerner, and he also named the Latin species for the elk.
3. Camellia belongs to Camellia, Camellia, Camellia Nanshan, Camellia oleifera and Camellia sinensis, which is one of the first-class protected plants in the country. The flowers of Camellia chrysantha are golden and dazzling, as if coated with wax, glittering and translucent and oily. Camellia is born alone in the axils of leaves. When flowering, it is cup-shaped, pot-shaped or bowl-shaped, which is beautiful and generous. In the past, people have never seen a golden variety. 1960, Chinese scientists first discovered a camellia, named camellia, in Nanning, Guangxi. Foreign countries call it the magical oriental tea, which is known as the "giant panda in the plant world" and the "queen of tea family".
4. Taiwania flousiana (scientific name: Taiwania flousiana), also known as Taiwania flousiana, Taiwan Province leaf, asarum, etc. , a large Taiwania plant of Taxodiaceae (Taxodiaceae is incorporated into Cupressaceae according to the classification of APG3), is endemic to Taiwan Province Province. It is mainly distributed in mountainous areas with an altitude of about1500 ~ 2500m in the middle of Taiwan Province Province. Due to illegal logging, this tree species is on the verge of extinction. Taiwania flousiana is an evergreen tree, which is distributed in the subtropical monsoon climate zone. It belongs to tertiary paleotropical flora in relict plant, and belongs to the national first-class protected plants. Its bark is grayish brown and its crown is conical. It is one of the main timber trees in Taiwan Province Province, China. This tree species is the tallest tree species that can grow in Asia, 90 meters high and 3 meters in diameter. /kloc-trees under 0/00 years old, with needle-like leaves, about 8-15 mm long; Mature trees, leaves become scaly, 3-7 mm long.
5. Silver fir: the bark is dark gray. The big branches are flat, the upper end of branchlets is thick, or a few lateral branches are small and spaced. The leaf pillow is nearly strip-shaped, slightly convex, with nearly round, round or nearly square leaf scars at the top, and the color is lighter. The leaves are strip-shaped, more or less sickle-shaped, curved or straight, the apex is round, the base narrows into an inconspicuous petiole, the upper part is dark green, sparsely hairy, and there are dense brown short hairs along the concave midvein. The male flowers are oval and oval before opening, and they are spike-shaped and cylindrical when flowering, and they are nearly sessile. Bracts around the base are semitransparent and membranous, with convex back, irregular serrations at the edges, yellow stamens, female flowers without bracts at the base, oval or oblong, pearl scales nearly round or kidney-shaped, yellow-green, bract scales yellowish brown, triangular oblate or triangular oval, caudate tips at the apex, and irregular edges. The cone is green before ripening, and turns from chestnut to dark brown when ripening, oval, oblong or oblong, nearly round or oblate to ovoid, and the back is densely covered with slightly transparent pilose; The seeds are slightly flat, obliquely obovate, with sharp base, olive green with dark green stripes and irregular light-colored stripes. The seed wings are membranous, yellowish brown, asymmetrical oblong or elliptic obovate. This is a rare tree species, which is a specialty of China. It was born in some mountainous areas with an altitude of 940~ 1870 meters, such as broad-leaved forests and ridge areas. Distributed in Guangxi, Hunan, Chongqing, Hubei, Guizhou and other places in China.
6. Wangtianshu (scientific name: Wangtianshu). ), also known as Giant Tree, is 40-60m high and DBH 60-150cm; The bark is gray or brown, the upper part of the trunk is shallow and longitudinally split, and the lower part of the straw bag is flaky. Young branches are scaly hairs with round lenticels. Leaves leathery, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate. The wood of the tree is hard, durable and corrosion-resistant, and it is not easy to be eaten by insects; This material is brownish yellow, has no special smell, flat texture, uniform structure, easy processing, smooth planing and beautiful patterns, and is a high-grade material for manufacturing various furniture. 1975, Yunnan Forestry Investigation Team of China discovered it in the forest of Xishuangbanna. This genus has *** 1 1 members, most of which are distributed in 2B area of Southeast Asia. Cephalotaxus japonicus is a rare and endemic tree species, which only grows in Yunnan, China, and only distributes in the area of 20 square kilometers from Bubeng in Xishuangbanna and Xinzhai in Guangnali to Jingpiao.
7. spiny. Ex hook. ) R.M. Tryon, alias snake wood, is a fern belonging to the genus Alsophila of Alsophilaceae, and is known as the "king of ferns". Alsophila spinulosa is a fern that can grow into a big tree, also known as "tree fern". The spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny spiny. It is the only woody fern found at present, which is extremely precious and can be called a national treasure. Endangered plants listed as first-class protection by many countries are called "living fossils". Alsophila spinulosa is an ancient fern, which can be made into handicrafts and traditional Chinese medicine, and is also a good ornamental tree species in gardens. Alsophila spinulosa is one of the few woody plants. Born in the shade of forests or streams, it is found in Chishui, Guizhou, Tibet, Chinese mainland and southern China, and also distributed in Nepal, Sikkim, India, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and southern Japan.
8. Qian Jinsong. It is a kind of Pinus yunnanensis of Pinaceae. Also known as Jinsong (Hangzhou) and Shuishu (Huzhou, Zhejiang). The leaves are strip-shaped, flat and soft, and spread spirally on the long branches, and the short branches are clustered with 15 ~ 30 pieces, which spread radially around, and become golden yellow and round like copper coins in autumn, hence the name. Dictyophora dictyophora is a famous ancient relict plant. The earliest fossils were found in the Late Cretaceous strata of East Siberia and West Siberia, as well as the Spitsbergen Islands, Europe, Central Asia, the western United States, northeastern China and Japan from Paleocene to Pliocene. Due to the change of climate, especially the arrival of the Pleistocene Great Ice Age, the money pine was extinct everywhere. Only a few areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River survived in China. Because of the sporadic distribution and small number of individuals, the results are intermittent and obvious, which is in urgent need of protection. The wood grain is straight, the hardness is moderate, and the material is slightly thick and fragile. Can be used as raw materials for building, plate, furniture, electrical appliances and wood fiber industry; Bark can be extracted with tannin extract, and drugs (commonly known as money pine) are helpful to treat stubborn tinea and indigestion; Root bark can also be used as medicine and paper sizing material; Seeds can extract oil.
9. Ginkgo biloba, a deciduous tree. Ginkgo biloba, which appeared hundreds of millions of years ago, is the oldest relic of gymnosperms left over from the Quaternary glacial movement. Now, ginkgo biloba is very rare, and there are few trees that have been around for hundreds of years. Other plants in the same class are extinct, so Ginkgo biloba has the reputation of living fossil. There are 26 varieties and varieties: ginkgo, ginkgo, ginkgo, ginkgo. The fruit of ginkgo tree is commonly known as ginkgo, so ginkgo is also known as ginkgo tree. Ginkgo trees grow slowly and have a very long life. Under natural conditions, ginkgo trees need more than 20 years from planting to fruiting, and it takes 40 years to bear a large number of fruits. So some people call it "gongsunshu", which means "public can eat grandchildren". It is a longevity star in trees, which has ornamental, economic and medicinal values.
10. Liriodendron, Liriodendron of Magnoliaceae. Deciduous trees, up to 40 meters high, DBH above 65438+ meters. Born in the forest at an altitude of 900- 1 000 meters. Wood is reddish brown, with straight texture and fine structure. It is an excellent material for architecture, shipbuilding, furniture and joinery, and can also be used to make plywood. Leaves and bark are used as medicine.