Are the tombs of the two emperors built according to the pattern of Chang 'an, the capital of the 18th Mausoleum in Tang Dynasty? Of course, it is the tomb where Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian were buried together-Ganling.
What are the tombs of two emperors built in the 18th Mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty in imitation of the capital Chang 'an? Wu Zetian Mausoleum
Located 80km northwest of the ancient city Xi, Ganling is the graveyard of a famous couple in China history-Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Wu Zetian of the Zhou Dynasty, and the only two emperors in China. As a concentrated representative of the historical relics of the Tang Dynasty in the heyday of China, it is the only tomb of Tang emperors in China that has not been stolen, so it is called the "crown of Tang tombs".
196 1 The Gan Tang Mausoleum, which was announced by the State Council as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, is not only the most intact one among the 18 Tang tombs in Shaanxi, but also the only one that has not been excavated.
Ganling is the mausoleum of Li Zhi and Wu Zetian in Tang Gaozong. The mausoleum is magnificent because of the mountains. There are three peaks in Liangshan: the northern peak is the highest, with an altitude of 1047.9 meters. The tombs of Emperor Gaozong and Wu Zetian are on this mountain. The two peaks in the south are low-lying, east-west, with Sima Dao in the middle, so they are named "Feng Ru".
Stepping on the stone steps from the gate of Ganlingtou, there are 537 steps, and the height difference of the steps is 81.68m.. Walking through the steps is a flat and wide road until you reach the Tang Gaozong Mausoleum Monument, which is called Sima Dao. Huabiao 1 pair, Pegasus-ostrich 1 pair, Shima-5 pair, Weng Zhong 10 pair, and 2 stone tablets on both sides. There is no word tablet in the east, and there is a sacred tablet in the west. There is a statue of Wang Bin 6 1 statue, a stone lion 1 right, and there are tombs 17 around it. The 2-meter-high tombstone of Tang Gaozong Mausoleum was erected by Emperor Gao Zongli in Biyuan County, Shaanxi Province. The original tombstone has been destroyed, and it is now rebuilt during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. On the right front of this monument, on another tombstone, Guo Moruo inscribed "The Tomb of Emperor Li Zhi and Zetian in Tang Gaozong" in large letters 12.
The Monument to the Sage, commonly known as the "Seven Monuments", is a monument erected by Wuhou for Gao. The monument is 6.3m high and1.86m wide. The top floor is the top of the temple, and the middle five sections are monuments. Various animal patterns are engraved under the pedestal. There are more than 8 thousand words engraved in the five sections of the monument. Wuhou wrote an article about the achievements of Emperor Gaozong by Li Xian of Tang Zhongzong. Today, after thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, except for one side, two sides and four sides, some remaining parts can be seen, and the third side has disappeared.
No word tablet, that is, there is no word on the tablet. It is said that Wuhou had a last word: "Let future generations judge their own merits and demerits", so there is no word engraved on the tablet. Wuhou did not make a biography for himself, and later generations had their own comments. It is found that there are many words engraved on the tablet, which were written by later generations since the Song and Jin Dynasties.
6 1 Statue of Wang Bin, after the death of Emperor Gaozong, princes and envoys from all over the world came to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an) in Tang Dou to pay their respects and went to Ganling for a funeral. In order to commemorate the grand occasion at that time, Wu Zetian ordered Wang Bin and the envoys from all over the country to be carved into 6 1 statues according to the simulated costumes and sizes, which were located on both sides of the substation, with realistic expressions, and each statue was tied with a wide waist.
Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian were buried together, which is the first case in the history of China and rare in the history of the world. However, up to now, the tomb buried with Gan Ling has not been stolen. Xi 'an is the ancient capital of 13 dynasty. There are many tombs of ancient emperors. Many tombs with historical value were stolen and even hollowed out by thieves. Even the famous mausoleum of Qin Shihuang at home and abroad is doomed. Only the tombs of Wuhou and Gaozong were not stolen. From 1966 to 197 1, archaeologists in China have made many investigations on this tomb, and the conclusion is that the tomb is solid and abnormal. According to the investigation, the length from the tomb door to the tomb door is 63 1 m and the width is 3.9 m, filled with stone strips, and each layer of stone strips is fixed with iron bolts.
Ganling is also the most representative and well-preserved mausoleum among the eighteen tombs in the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Gaozong Li Zhi (628-683 AD), the ninth son of Emperor Taizong, was born by his eldest grandson. With the help of his mother's uncle Sun Chang Wuji, he was elected as the Prince. When Taizong died, it was the throne. Although he was a cowardly king, he didn't do much, but at the beginning of his reign, the political power at that time was mainly in the hands of Sun Chang Wuji and Chu Suiliang, which was able to maintain the prosperity of the early Tang Dynasty. Since Wu Zetian entered the palace, the regime of the Tang Dynasty began to change.
Wu Zetian (AD 624-705), name? Wish? Originally from Wenshui County, Shanxi Province, he was born in Guangyuan County, Sichuan Province (early Tang Dynasty). His father, Samurai, was about a timber merchant, and later served as the governor of Lizhou. Wu Zetian was originally a gifted scholar (concubine) in Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong. After Taizong died, she cut her hair and became a nun and a monk. In 654 AD, Emperor Li Zhi took Wu Zetian out of Ni Temple and entered the palace, where she was greatly favored and worshipped as a Zhao Yi. The following year, the queen of the king was abolished, Wu Zetian was appointed as the queen, and Chu Suiliang was deposed in politics. In 659, Sun Chang was forced to commit suicide. From then on, Li Zhi was sickly in his later years, "blinded by the wind", and there were more Wu Zetian in politics. Gaozong wanted to be the Zen prince Li Hong (the eldest son of Wu Zetian), but Li Hong was killed by Wu Zetian with poisoned wine. In fact, after Sun Chang's death, Wu Zetian came to power. After the death of the emperor, she broke through the prohibition of the Empress Dowager's imperial system, successively abolished the Imperial Middle School and the Governor's Office, ascended the throne of the emperor, and changed her title to "Zhou", becoming the first female emperor in the history of China.
Wu Zetian is familiar with literature and history, with numerous tactics and cruel means. After she proclaimed herself emperor, she first appointed "cruel officials" and killed a large number of royal families and ministers in the Tang Dynasty. When the crowd was too nervous, she blamed "cruel officials" to ease the situation. But she can select talents and entrust them with important tasks. I can still listen to advice, a bit like Emperor Taizong. Her political work first appeared in Taizong: Taizong had a strong horse named lion, which was so fierce that no one could tame it. One day, Wu Zetian told Emperor Taizong that she could be subdued by giving her three things, a iron whip, two hammers and three daggers. Whip it with iron. If you don't accept it, hit it on the head with a hammer. If you don't accept it, cut its throat with a dagger. Emperor Taizong praised her spirit. In this way, she controlled her minister, ruled autocratically for half a century, and consolidated the unified political power of the country. Although she turned Li's Tang Dynasty into Wu's Zhou Dynasty, she still had trouble choosing her successor. In her last will, she still said that she would return to Li Jialai to be a pioneer.
In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (AD 649), Tang Gaozong proclaimed himself emperor, and in the first year of Hongdao (AD 683), he died in Zhenguan Temple. He reigned for 34 years at the age of 56. In August of the first year of civilization (AD 684), he was buried in Qianlong. Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor in the first year of Yu Guangzhai (AD 684), and died in the Xianju Hall of Luoyang Shangyang Palace in the first year of Shenlong (AD 705). She was in office for 2 1 year at the age of 82. In May of the second year of Shenlong (AD 706), he was buried with Gaozong in Ganling. It can be inferred that it will take at least forty or fifty years for the construction of the Qianlong to be basically completed.
Ganling is located on Liangshan Mountain at an altitude of 1049 meters, with Leopard Valley in the east and Desert Valley in the west. Liangshan limestone, conical. There are three peaks on the top of the mountain, and the north peak is the highest, that is, the location of the underground palace of Ganling. Nanfeng is low, facing east and west, and there are mounds on it, which are shaped like * * *, and are called "Nitou Mountain". According to the Records of Chang 'an, the original portrait ancestral hall next to "Nitou Mountain" is painted with portraits of 60 ministers below De Renjie. "Nitou Mountain" is the southernmost pair of earth caves, which is the natural gateway of Qianlong. It is unique among the eighteen mausoleums in Wei-Bei Tang.
The scale of Ganling is enormous. According to the Records of Chang 'an, there are two inner and outer walls around Ganling. Through investigation and exploration, the remains of the inner city wall, the four gates, the sacrificial hall and the city corner were discovered. The north and south walls of the inner city of the cemetery are1450m long, the east wall is1582m long, the west wall is1438m long and the wall thickness is 2.4m.. The inner city of the cemetery has a total area of 2.4 million square meters. There are gates on all sides of the city wall. The four gates are basically the same in shape, and each gate is about 2.7 meters wide. There are Zhuquemen in the south, Xuanwu Gate in the north, Qinglong Gate in the east and Baihumen in the west. As for the ground buildings in the cemetery, Tang recorded: "In the fourteenth year of Zhenyuan (AD 798) ... there were 378 houses built in five tombs, namely, Xian, Zhao, Gan, Ding and Tai." Now only the remains of these buildings are left.
The internal situation of Qianlong has yet to be discovered. "Don Yao Hui" records: "The gate of the Yuan Palace in Ganling is blocked with stone, and the stone crevices are fixed with cast iron." According to the Seven Monuments of Ganling, when Tang Gaozong died, his last words buried his favorite books and handwriting in the tomb.
The ground setting of Ganling is mainly the stone carving of the mausoleum. These stone carvings are exquisite and stand on the top of Liangshan Mountain, with a history of 1200 years. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of stone carving artists in Tang Dynasty and a magnificent treasure of ancient stone carving art in China. These stone carvings are mainly concentrated on both sides of Sima Road in front of the tomb, and the first pair of earth que from the south outside Zhuquemen are arranged as follows:
The first pair of stone carvings are China watches symbolizing the mausoleum, which are octagonal, and the pillars, bases and tops are engraved with grass patterns. Elegant China watches set off the magnificent collection of the cemetery.
The supreme ruler thought he was a wise monarch and a prosperous era, so a pair of winged horses and suzaku representing auspicious animals and birds appeared later. A winged horse, with cirrus wings, looks like a Mercedes-Benz in the clouds. Suzaku is a high relief with beautiful shape and solid stone carving. Suzaku is an ostrich. It is said that Afghans gave ostriches as souvenirs to the funeral. In addition, ostriches also have the function of guards, so they are carved in front of Yuling.
Then turn into five pairs of stone horses. Saddles, stirrups and other horse ornaments were immediately carved on the stone. There used to be people holding horses next to every pair of horses, but now there are only three pairs left.
Behind the stone horse are ten pairs of stone statues of the Emperor Zhige Army. They are also called stone, wearing crowns, long sleeves and ties, holding swords in both hands and staring at the front, which plays a major role in setting off the "majestic" atmosphere in front of the mausoleum.
There are two stone tablets behind the stone statue. To the east is a tablet without words. This monument was erected according to Wu Zetian's last words. Finally, the past merits and demerits are judged by future generations, so there is no lettering. The monument is 6.3m high, 2. 1 m wide and1.49m thick. After the Song and Jin Dynasties, some tourists wrote inscriptions on it, and the "tablet without words" became a "tablet with words". There are thirteen inscriptions * * * on the tablet, but there are many words. However, in the 12th year of Jin Tianhui (A.D. 1 134), it was carved in Jurchen characters, with a Chinese translation beside it. Du Jintong's Travels of Lu Jing and Lang Jun is relatively complete. Jurchen writing is now extinct. These characters are valuable materials for studying the Jurchen characters and the history and culture of China ethnic minorities. To the west is a monument to sacred records. The monument has seven sections, so it is also called the seven-section monument. It is 6.3 meters high and 1.86 meters wide. The inscription was written by Wu Zetian and Li. The content is to praise Tang Gaozong's literary martial arts, with more than 8,000 words, and to fill the calligraphy and painting with gold scraps to shine on the cemetery.
On the right side of Sima Road behind the stone tablet, there are 6 1 stone statues, which reflect the powerful national strength of the Tang Dynasty and the friendly exchanges between the frontier nationalities and countries in Central Asia and the Tang Dynasty. Wu Zetian carved these sixty-one stone statues in front of the mausoleum to commemorate the leaders of ethnic minorities and foreign envoys attending Tang Gaozong's funeral. They wore tight sleeves, wide belts and leather boots, and bowed forward with their hands as a sign of prayer. Most of the heads of these stone men have already been destroyed. Now only two statues of Xilie have heads, high noses and deep eyes, which are obviously from the Western Regions or Central Asia. Some stone men also have country names, official positions and names engraved on their backs.
There are a pair of stone lions in the east, west, north and south of the inner city, and the stone lion in front of Suzaku is a fine stone carving in Ganling. This pair of stone lions is tall, curly, prominent, with a wide mouth and sharp teeth, which fully depicts the image of the lion's fierce and strict, which is daunting and symbolizes the majesty of the autocratic emperor in the Tang Dynasty.
According to documents, there are many tombs around 80 Li of Gan Mausoleum, and 17 tombs are concentrated in the southeast of the cemetery. After liberation, the tombs of Princess Yongtai, Xue, Prince Edward and Prince Yide were successively excavated. The ground shape and internal structure of these tombs are basically the same. There are walls around the tomb, and there are huabiao, stone man and stone sheep in the south of the wall. The tomb consists of a tomb door, a cave, a patio, a tunnel and front and rear rooms. There are small niches on both sides of the patio, and there are various funerary objects such as tri-colored figurines and ceramics in the niches. There are murals on the walls of tombs, tunnels, and tombs, and there are murals on the tops of tunnels, tunnels, and tombs. Among them, Maid's Map reflects the parasitic life of the royal family, architectural drawings reflect the architectural art of the Tang Dynasty, and Ma Qiutu and Hakka Map reflect the cultural exchanges and friendly exchanges between China and the people of the world. These murals are rich in content, wide in subject matter and ingenious in conception, which show the height of painting art in the Tang Dynasty and add a new chapter to the history of ancient painting in China. In the tomb, figures, animals and plants are carved on the moving average line on the stone gate, epitaph and sarcophagus.
Although all these buried tombs were stolen, a large number of precious cultural relics were still unearthed. More than 4,300 cultural relics were unearthed from three tombs of Princess Yongtai, Prince Yide and Prince Zhang Huai. These cultural relics are exquisitely made, vividly shaped and have their own characteristics. The three-color figurines unearthed from Princess Yongtai's tomb are beautifully shaped, brightly colored and strangely decorated. Nearly 300 pieces of gold, jade, copper, iron, tin, etc. unearthed in this tomb are exquisitely cast, meticulously carved and elegant in shape. Fragments of European-style jade books carved with gold unearthed from the tomb of Prince Yide, as well as gold-plated horse-riding figurines painted with thieves, armor and different horse faces, are all treasures of unearthed cultural relics. Knights on horseback, some playing flute, some playing horn, some riding with whip, have different expressions. The figures of literati, warriors and painted animals from the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai are extremely realistic. These are precious physical materials for us to study the politics, economy and culture of the Tang Dynasty.
Which two emperors are the only two emperors buried together? The only two emperors buried together in China were Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian.
Wu Zetian was the first ruling queen in the history of China, an outstanding female politician in the feudal society of China, and a writer who made great contributions to the development of Tang Wenhua. She was called a talented woman. Wu Zetian was only 14 years old when she was selected by Emperor Taizong to enter the palace. In the 23rd year of Zhenguan (649), Taizong died and Gaozong succeeded to the throne. The emperor's mother is the daughter of Tuoba, a northern Xianbei nationality. The Xianbei nationality has retained the adoption marriage system in which the father dies and the son can marry the stepmother. Therefore, the emperor brought Wu Meiniang back to the palace and named him Zhao Yi, which won the emperor's favor. In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), he became the queen. Empress Wu Zetian was listed as the Empress Dowager and adopted the pro-DPRK system. In the second year, Zhongzong was abolished and Zong Rui was established. In 690, in order to consolidate his dominant position, Fei changed his country name to Zhou, calling himself "Emperor of the Holy Spirit" and became the first ruling queen in the history of China. During the reign of Wu Zetian, * * * used 17 titles, which was the most used title in the history of China. After Wu Zetian's death, she was buried in Ganling and buried with Emperor Gaozong. This mausoleum became the only one in the history of China where two emperors were buried together. There is a tablet without words in front of the mausoleum. The tablet without words is a monument to the marquis of Wu. It is the last words of Wuhou, and the tombstone is not written. The merits and demerits are judged by future generations. But 1200 years later, the tombstone has been carved by later generations. The evaluation of Wu Zetian has always been different, but the tablet without words is a great original. Wu Zetian is not only an outstanding politician, but also a literary celebrity. As an emperor, who denies her contribution to cultural undertakings?
Wu Zetian and Tang Gaozong were buried together in Ganling, which is the unique tomb of two emperors and a couple in China and even in the world. Li Zhi, the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Wu Zetian, the only female emperor in the history of China, were buried here. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit, which was built in 684 AD and took 23 years to build.
Who are the only two emperors buried together in China? As the only two emperors buried together in China, Gan Tang Mausoleum, located in Ganxian County, 80km northwest of Xi, is well-known. Archaeologists in Shaanxi province have recently made great progress in the archaeology of Tang Ganling, and the layout of the Summer Palace site has gradually revealed its true meaning.
Gan Tang Mausoleum is a large-scale cemetery of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Wu Zetian of the Zhou Dynasty. It is also the only tomb of Tang emperors in China that has not been stolen, and it is known as the "crown of Tang tombs". The summer palace in Ganling is the evolution of the sleeping hall in front of the tomb, which mainly worships the soul of the owner of the tomb, and the worship of it by later generations does not stop there. When Emperor Taizong Li Shimin buried Zhaoling, it was called the bedroom. Later, it was moved to the foot of the mountain because of the fire, and later people called it Xiagong. At present, the layout of Xiagong site in the southwest of Ganling has gradually revealed its true meaning.
According to reports, as an important part of the "Shaanxi Tangling Site Protection Project", in 2006, archaeologists here discovered through drilling investigation and local trial excavation that the east, north and west gates of Gan Mausoleum have the same structure, all of which are composed of a pair of three exits, a pair of colonnades and hall-style gates. Quetai is a rammed earth platform, surrounded by bricks, and a large number of tiles accumulated around it indicate that Quetai was originally built with Quelou. Palace-style gate has rammed earth abutment, surrounded by bricks, and both sides are connected with the cemetery wall.
In addition, archaeologists also cleaned up the site of the North Gate, and unearthed six stone carvings, including the remnant stone horse, Shi Hu, Shishi and Shitaizuo. Among them, the discovery of Shi Hu provided new information for re-understanding the stone carving combination outside the North Gate of Tangling.
According to the latest investigation, the site of Xiagong in Ganling is huge, with two rammed walls inside and outside. The plane of the external wall is square, and the four sides are about 380 meters long. At the same time, many traces of rammed earth were found between the inner city and the inner city, which provided first-hand materials for studying the cemetery system of tombs in the Tang Dynasty. (Reporter)
The layout of the Xiagong site of Wu Zetian's tomb gradually revealed its true meaning [photo]
As the only two emperors buried together in China, Gan Tang Mausoleum, located in Ganxian County, 80km northwest of Xi, is well-known. Archaeologists in Shaanxi province have recently made great progress in the archaeology of Tang Ganling, and the layout of the Summer Palace site has gradually revealed its true meaning. & gt& gt detailed
Archaeologists in China have made it clear for the first time that the layout of the Xiagong of the Tang Ganling is clear.
Located in Ganxian County, 80km northwest of the ancient city of Xi 'an, Tang Ganling is the graveyard of a famous couple in China history-Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Wu Zetian of the Zhou Dynasty. As the only two imperial tombs buried together in China, the scale is huge, which is the concentrated representative of China's historical relics in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the only imperial tomb in China that has not been excavated, and is known as the "crown of Tang tombs". > > detailed
The dispute over the excavation of Ganling in Shaanxi once again aroused people's concern about when the tomb of Wu Zetian was "opened"
Ganling is the mausoleum of Empress Wu Zetian, the first female emperor in China, and her husband Tang Gaozong Li Zhi. It is located between three continuous mountains in Liangshan, Ganxian County, Xi Province. From a distance, the three mountains in Ganling look like a woman lying on her back, and the two mountains in front look like plump and straight nipple peaks. ...
Should Wu Zetian's tomb be excavated? National Cultural Heritage Administration: No.
National Cultural Heritage Administration denied that the tomb of Wu Zetian was excavated as early as the early days of liberation. Mr. Guo Moruo, then president of the Academy of Sciences, once said to Premier Zhou Enlai, "There is no doubt that there must be many calligraphy and painting books in the tomb! Open the dry mausoleum, and perhaps Wu Zetian's 100 volume "Hanging Arch Collection" and 10 volume "Golden Wheel Collection" can be seen again! ... > > Details
The only tombs in Xi 'an where two emperors were buried together were those of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Wu Zetian of the Zhou Dynasty. It is located in Ganling, north of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province in the west of China, and it is the only tomb where two emperors were buried together in the feudal history of more than 2,000 years in China.
Xi an.
Xi 'an 1