State-owned cultural relics can be divided into two categories: precious cultural relics and general cultural relics. Precious cultural relics are divided into first-class, second-class and third-class. Those below third-class are called general cultural relics
Defined The grading standards are as follows
Grading standards for cultural relics collections
China Government Portal www.gov.cn August 21, 2005 Source: National People's Congress Law and Regulations Database
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Ministry of Culture Order No. 19
Adopted at the Ministry of Culture Executive Meeting on April 5, 2001
Issuance date: 20010409 Implementation date: 20010409 Issuing unit: Ministry of Culture
This standard is specially formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Implementation Rules of the Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China".
Cultural relics collections are divided into precious cultural relics and general cultural relics. Precious cultural relics are divided into first, second and third levels. Representative cultural relics with particularly important historical, artistic, and scientific value are classified as first-class cultural relics; those with important historical, artistic, and scientific value are classified as second-class cultural relics; and those with relatively important historical, artistic, and scientific value are classified as third-class cultural relics. Those with certain historical, artistic and scientific value are general cultural relics.
1. Classification standards for first-class cultural relics
(1) Reflect the production relations and its economic and political systems in various historical periods of China, as well as particularly important issues related to social and historical development. Representative cultural relics;
(2) Particularly important representative cultural relics that reflect the development of productivity, progress in production technology and scientific inventions and creations in the past dynasties;
(3) Reflecting the societies of various ethnic groups Historical development and particularly important representative cultural relics that promote national unity and safeguard the reunification of the motherland;
(4) Particularly important representative cultural relics that reflect the working people’s resistance to exploitation and oppression and famous uprising leaders in the past dynasties;
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(5) Particularly important representative cultural relics that reflect the relations between China and foreign countries in the past dynasties and mutual exchanges in politics, economy, military, science and technology, education, culture, art, religion, health, sports, etc.;
< p>(6) Particularly important representative cultural relics that reflect the Chinese nation’s resistance to foreign aggression and historical events and important historical figures;(7) Reflecting the famous thinkers, politicians, military strategists, Particularly important representative cultural relics of scientists, inventors, educators, writers, artists, etc., and particularly important representative works of famous craftsmen;
(8) Reflecting the living customs, culture, arts, and crafts of various ethnic groups Representative cultural relics of particularly important value in fine arts and religious beliefs;
(9) Representative rare books of particularly important value among ancient Chinese books;
(10) Reflecting relevant Major events in the international communist movement and the revolutionary practical activities of outstanding leaders, as well as particularly important representative cultural relics of internationalist fighters who made significant contributions to the Chinese revolution;
(11 ) Particularly important representative cultural relics related to major events, important figures, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models in China’s modern history (1840-1949);
(12) Related to the Communist Party of the Chinese People Particularly important representative cultural relics related to major historical events, major construction achievements, important leaders, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models since the founding of the People's Republic of China;
(13) Related to the Communist Party of China Particularly important representative cultural relics related to major events of other parties and groups, important figures, patriotic overseas Chinese and other social celebrities in modern times;
(14) Other particularly important historical, artistic, scientific representative cultural relics of value.
Second and second-level cultural relic grading standards
(1) Reflect the productivity and production relations of China's various historical periods, its economic system, political system, and the characteristics of relevant social and historical development Cultural relics of important value;
(2) Cultural relics of important value that reflect a region, a nation or a certain era;
(3) Reflecting a certain historical figure or historical event Or cultural relics that are of great value to the study of a certain historical issue;
(4) A group of cultural relics that reflect a certain archaeological cultural type and cultural characteristics and can illustrate a certain historical issue;
< p>(5) Cultural relics with average historical, artistic, and scientific value but with valuable materials;(6) Important folk cultural relics reflecting various regions and ethnic groups;
(7) Important works of famous artists or craftsmen from past dynasties;
(8) There are rare books of important value among old books;
(9) Reflecting the history of modern China (1840-1949) Cultural relics of great value that reflect major events, important figures, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models;
(10) Reflect major historical events, major construction achievements, and important achievements since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Cultural relics of important value of leaders, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models;
(11) Reflecting major events of the Communist Party of China and other modern parties and groups, important figures, and patriotic overseas Chinese and other cultural relics of important historical, artistic, and scientific value.
(12) Other cultural relics of important historical, artistic, and scientific value.
Grading standards for third- and third-level cultural relics
(1) Reflecting China’s productivity and production relations in various historical periods, as well as its economic and political systems, as well as comparisons of relevant social and historical development Important cultural relics;
(2) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect a region, a nation or a certain era;
(3) Reflect a certain historical event or figure, Cultural relics of relatively important value for the study of a certain historical issue;
(4) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect a certain archaeological cultural type and cultural characteristics;
(V. ) National and folk cultural relics with relatively important value;
(6) Works with high artistic and technological levels in a certain historical period, but with damage;
(7) Ancient Rare books of relatively important value among books;
(8) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect major events, important figures, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models in modern Chinese history (1840-1949);
(9) Cultural relics of relatively important value that reflect major historical events, major construction achievements, important leaders, famous martyrs, and famous heroic models since the founding of the People's Republic of China;
(10) Cultural relics of relatively important value reflecting the major events of the Chinese Communist Party and other modern parties and groups, important figures, patriotic overseas Chinese and other social celebrities;
(11) Other cultural relics with relatively important historical, artistic, and scientific value.
IV. General cultural relics grading standards
(1) Reflect the productivity and production relations of China’s various historical periods, its economic system, political system, and relevant social and historical development to a certain extent Cultural relics of great value;
(2) National and folk cultural relics of certain value;
(3) Cultural relics of certain value that reflect a certain historical event or historical figure;
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(4) Old books, materials, etc. that have a certain value;
(5) Production and daily utensils from past dynasties that have a certain value;
(6) Artworks, handicrafts, etc. of certain value from past dynasties;
(7) Other cultural relics with certain historical, artistic, and scientific value.
5. Museums, cultural relic units and other relevant cultural relic collection institutions can use this standard to appraise, select and grade their cultural relic collections. When other scattered cultural relics in society need to be graded, this can be done accordingly.
6. The State Administration of Cultural Heritage is responsible for the interpretation of this standard.
Attachment: Examples of first-class cultural relic grading standards
1. Jade and stone age items are accurate, of good quality, distinctive in art and craftsmanship, and of particularly important value; The exact location of the excavation has inscriptions, inscriptions, inscriptions or other important features that can be used as dating standards; it has obvious local characteristics and can represent a cultural type, a region or an outstanding achievement of a workshop in archeology; it can reflect the style of a certain era Representative works on ethnic relations and Sino-foreign relations at a high and artistic level.
2. The pottery represents a certain cultural type in archaeology, and its shape and decoration are of particularly important value; the exact location of its excavation can be used as a dating standard; the three-color works have beautiful shapes, bright colors, and special Of great value; among the purple clay ware, the vessel has perfect shape and is a representative work by famous ancient and modern masters.
3. The age of the porcelain is accurate, and it has particularly important value in art or craftsmanship; the date or exact location of its origin can be used as a dating standard; the shape, decoration, glaze color, etc. can reflect the style of the times and the rich nationality. Colorful; famous porcelain recorded in literature, representative works of official kilns and private kilns of past dynasties.
4. The bronze ware has exquisite shapes and patterns, which can represent the level of craftsmanship and casting technology in a certain period; the exact location of the place of origin can be used as a dating standard; the inscriptions reflect major historical events, important historical figures, or the art of calligraphy High level; of particularly important value in the history of technological development.
5. Iron products that occupy a particularly important position in the history of Chinese smelting and forging; iron cultural relics with a clear place of origin and particularly important value; with inscriptions or exquisite craftsmanship such as gold and silver inlays and inlays Ancient utensils; iron historical relics used by celebrities in the past dynasties, or directly related to major historical events.
6. Gold and silverware: those with high craftsmanship, exquisite shapes or decorations, and of particularly important value; accurate in age and location or with famous models, and can be used as gold and silver products that meet the standards of the era.
7. Lacquer ware represents the typical craft varieties and characteristics of a certain historical period; has superb modeling, decoration and carving skills; is a masterpiece of famous craftsmen.
8. The sculptures are beautiful in shape, accurate in era, or have inscriptions, and have various textures such as metal, jade, stone, wood, clay, ceramics, lacquer, and tooth bones with distinctive characteristics of the era and artistic style. sculptures of particularly important value.
9. Stone carvings and brick tiles are from earlier times and are representative stone carvings; statues engraved with the year or the owner’s inscription can be used as a standard for dating; they can directly reflect social production and life, with vivid expressions and shapes. Beautiful stone carvings; portrait stones with exquisite techniques and rich content; epitaphs with significant historical value or artistic value; bricks and tiles with exquisite text or patterns and particularly important historical and artistic value.
10. Calligraphy and painting: relatively complete calligraphy and painting before the Yuan Dynasty; manuscripts before the Tang Dynasty that are complete with year numbers from beginning to end; scriptures before the Song Dynasty that have authors or dates and have a high level of calligraphy; famous names in the Song and Yuan Dynasties It may be a nameless one but with a high artistic level; a handwriting of a famous person from past dynasties with particularly important value; a masterpiece of a particularly important art school or a famous calligrapher or painter since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
11. The ancient inkstones are from the four famous inkstones of Duan and She, which have a precise age, good texture and rare remains; their shapes and decorations have distinctive characteristics of the times, and their craftsmanship is very high; they have the exact place of origin, or are passed down from generation to generation. It is well-written, beautifully made and well-preserved, and can be used as a standard for dating; it has been used by important historical figures in the past dynasties or has a high inscription value; it is a representative work of famous craftsmen of the past dynasties.
12. The contents recorded on oracle bones are of particularly important historical value. The tortoise shells and animal bones are relatively complete; the engraved characters are exquisite or unique and can play a role in dating.
13. Seals, seals and talismans: Official and private seals, seals, clay seals and talismans of particularly important value; masterpieces of the main schools or main representatives of seal cutting in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
14. Coins. Coins, money models and banknote versions of past dynasties that occupy a particularly important position in the history of Chinese coin development and are of particularly important value.
15. Tooth bone horn ware that is of specific age and has particularly important value in the history of sculpture art; that reflects the characteristics and development history of national craftsmanship; representative works of famous craftsmen or artists in various periods, as well as ivory with a long history products.
16. Bamboo and wood carvings are of special value and have a unique style in the history of bamboo and wood carvings. They can be used as a standard for chronology; they are exquisitely made and have a very high level of craftsmanship; they are representative works of famous craftsmen or artists. .
17. Furniture Wooden furniture and exquisite artifacts before the Yuan Dynasty (including the Yuan Dynasty); furniture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was made and shaped from precious woods such as huanghuali, rosewood, chicken wing wood, iron pear, and ebony. Beautiful, well-preserved, sophisticated craftsmanship; well-made painted furniture from the Ming and Qing Dynasties; furniture used by celebrities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times or with great historical value.
Eighteen. Enamel: Enamel products that are accurate in era, have distinctive characteristics, and have high levels of shape, decoration, glaze color, and craftsmanship.
19. The era and origin of weaving and embroidery are accurate; typical objects of different weaving and embroidery varieties with particularly important value that can represent the level of craftsmanship in a historical period; those with bright colors, exquisite patterns and typical characteristics of the era ; A representative work of a famous weaving and embroidery craftsman.
20. Ancient and rare stele stickers, manuscripts, and prints from before the Yuan Dynasty; manuscripts of great value in a certain subject field written or edited by famous scholars and bibliophiles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Copies; Ming and Qing printed editions (including engravings, movable type editions, printed editions with exquisite prints, and color overprints) and manuscripts that are distinctive in terms of book content, engraving level, paper, printing, binding, etc.; including famous scholars from the Ming and Qing dynasties, Bibliophiles review and approve inscriptions and postscripts, and review printed copies and manuscripts whose contents have important academic material value.
21. Stele rubbings: Rubbings of stele rubbings before the Yuan Dynasty; complete rubbings and rare rubbings from the Ming Dynasty; fine copies of initial rubbings; the originals are important and have been lost, and the rubbings from the Qing or Qing Dynasty have rarely been circulated. Modern rubbings; precise rubbings and inscriptions from the Ming and Qing Dynasties; rubbings from the Qing Dynasty and before the Qing Dynasty with important inscriptions and postscripts by famous figures of all dynasties.
22. Weapons In the history of weapons development, weapons that can represent the level of ordnance at a historical stage; used in important battles or important events; weapons of particularly important value used by famous figures in the past.
Twenty-three. Stamps: Stamps and stamps that reflect the postal history of the Qing Dynasty, the Republic of China, and the Liberated Areas, are in rare stock, and have particularly important value since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
24. Documents and publicity materials reflect major historical events, are important in content, and are of special significance. Official documents or document manuscripts; leaflets, slogans, posters, bonuses, and good news; badges, medals, and commemorative medals. wait.
25. Archival documents reflect the social production relations, economic system, political system and changes in land, population and territory from a certain aspect, as well as major historical events and the deeds of important historical figures. Among the official archives and folk documents such as inscriptions, memorials, edicts, maps, census records, land and grain records, red and white contracts, documents, and letters, they are of particularly important value.
Twenty-six. Celebrity Relics Manuscripts and letters of particularly important value belonging to the late famous leader of the Communist Party of China, famous leaders of various democratic parties, famous patriotic overseas Chinese leaders, and famous social activists. , inscriptions, inscriptions, etc. and supplies of special significance.
Note: Examples of the grading standards for second- and third-level cultural relics can be derived from the examples of the grading standards for first-level cultural relics.