Protecting the Yellow River is a long-term plan related to the great rejuvenation and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.
The Yellow River is a large river located in northern China. It is one of the longest rivers in the world and the second longest river in China (also known as the second largest river). The yellow color of the Yellow River is actually silt. It is recorded in ancient books: "The Yellow River fights with water, and mud dwells in the seventh part."
Ninety percent of the sediment in the Yellow River comes from the Loess Plateau. The soil in the Loess Plateau is loose and easily eroded and scattered. Whenever it is washed away by heavy rains, a large amount of water and soil is lost and flows into the Yellow River. The basin has long winters and short summers, a wide temperature difference between winter and summer, and distinct seasonal temperature changes. The basin has little precipitation and is dominated by dryland agriculture. Winters are dry and springs are dry, and precipitation is concentrated in summer, autumn, July and August.
The Yellow River originates from the Yuegu Zonglie Basin at the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountains on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and flows from west to east through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong 9 provinces (autonomous regions), and finally flows into the Bohai Sea.
The total length of the Yellow River is about 5,464 kilometers, and its drainage area, "People's Daily Online" records: about 752,443 square kilometers, while the "Yellow River Network" website of the Ministry of Water Resources records: the total drainage area is 795,000 square kilometers (inclusive) The drainage area covers an area of ??42,000 square kilometers).
Historical changes
The gestation, birth, and development of the Yellow River are subject to geological processes during the geological history. The tectonic movements caused by changes in the earth's crust are the external driving force. The erosion, transportation and accumulation caused by itself are internal forces. In the historical process of forming a river, it has continued to move and keep pace with the times.
Soil erosion on the Loess Plateau and sediment accumulation in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have been going on in prehistoric geological periods, and have been increasingly affected by human activities since history. According to various studies, the ancient Yellow River had three development stages: the Early Pleistocene from the Tertiary to Quaternary was the gestation period of the ancient Yellow River.
The Middle Pleistocene of the Quaternary Period (1.15 million to 100,000 years ago) was the birth and growth period of the ancient Yellow River. During the Late Pleistocene (100,000 to 10,000 years ago), the Yellow River formed a marine water system.
tributary water system
The Yellow River belongs to the Pacific water system. The main stream is often winding and is known as the "Nine-Meandering Yellow River". The actual flow of the river is 2.64 times the straight-line distance from the source to the mouth. The Yellow River has many tributaries. From Maququguo at the source of the river to its mouth, it flows directly into the Yellow River. There are 220 tributaries with a drainage area of ??more than 100 square kilometers, forming the Yellow River system.
There are 76 tributaries with an area greater than 1,000 square kilometers, with a drainage area of ??580,000 square kilometers, accounting for 77% of the entire river catchment area; 11 tributaries have an area greater than 10,000 square kilometers, with a drainage area of It reaches 370,000 square kilometers, accounting for 50% of the entire river catchment area. The larger tributaries constitute the main body of the Yellow River basin area.