(classic)
Different names and low density (outline), black rhinoceros horn (standard of syndrome differentiation and treatment) and fragrant rhinoceros horn (modern practical Chinese medicine).
It comes from the horns of rhinoceros, such as Indian rhinoceros, Javanese rhinoceros and Suman rhinoceros.
Animal form ① Indian rhinoceros, also known as one-horned rhinoceros (Compendium).
It is stout and huge, second only to elephants and hippos in weight. It is about 3.2 ~ 3.5 meters long, and the shoulder is as high as 1.8 meters. Big head, short neck, long ears, small eyes and big nostrils. The skin is very thick, except for the ears and tail, which are completely hairless. There are broad folds in the scapula, under the neck and joints of limbs, which are rafters-shaped, and there are many warty protrusions on the skin surface. The skin is dark gray and purplish. There is a horn on the nose of both male and female animals, which is black cone-shaped, thick but not long, generally about 30 ~ 40 cm long. The limbs are stout and have three toes.
Living in the humid and dense jungle grassland in the subtropical zone. Solitary or symbiotic, nocturnal, strong sense of smell and hearing, weak vision. Feed on fresh branches, buds, bamboo, mangoes, etc. Distributed in Nepal and northern India.
② Javanese rhinoceros, also known as the little one-horned rhinoceros.
Similar in shape to the Indian rhinoceros, but smaller. The skin also has thick folds, but the three folds on the back are completely connected from top to bottom. Only male beasts of this species have horns and are born on the nose. The angle is very small, only about 25 cm long.
Living in a tropical forest, I like swimming and I am afraid of the sun. Usually solitary or hermaphrodite, it feeds on fresh branches, buds, leaves, bamboo, mangoes and figs distributed in Java.
③ Sumen rhinoceros, also known as double-horned rhinoceros.
The smallest, about 2.4 ~ 2.5 meters long. Body hair, brown or black, thick and thick skin. Both male and female animals have double horns on their noses. The front horns are long and the back horns are short, and they are born in a row. The upper lip is not prominent.
Living habits are the same as those of previous species. Distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo and other parts of Indonesia.
The meat (rhinoceros meat) and skin (rhinoceros skin) of the above rhinoceros are also used as medicine, and each has its own article in detail.
The gathering of rhinos is fierce. When hunting, you should first hide on the side of the road and shoot to death, or observe the path where its footprints appear and set traps to catch them on the way. After the killing, cut off the rhinoceros horn.
The angle of medicinal materials is conical, gradually tapering from the bottom up, slightly curved, with different lengths, and the largest is more than 30 cm long. The surface is dark black, and the lower part gradually becomes shallow and grayish brown. There are horse-tooth serrations around the bottom, called "horse-tooth edge", which is about 3 cm high and the surface is uneven. "Horse tooth edge" has longitudinal stripes and hard straight thorns, which are often called "bristles" and sometimes have cracks; The middle part is gradually smooth upward, the corners are dim and shiny, and mane-like dots can be seen. There is a longitudinal groove in front of the corner, about 9 ~ 15 cm long and about 3 cm deep. It is called "trench", and there is a prominent high hill on the chassis opposite to it, about 6 ~ 7 cm long and 2 ~ 4 cm high, which is called "underground hill". The chassis is large, rectangular, narrow at the front and wide at the back, shaped like a turtle's back, with a length of 13 ~ 20cm and a width of1~14cm. It is grayish black or dark brown, gradually shallowing outward, grayish brown or grayish yellow, and its bottom surface is concave 3 ~ 6cm, commonly known as ". Keratin is hard, but it splits from the longitudinal plane, all along the silk without distortion. The pound pieces are grayish white with sesame spots or short lines. The smell is slightly fragrant but not fishy, and the taste is slightly salty. It is best to be black and bright, complete and crack-free, with gray and black sand bottom, big mane eyes and fragrant air. The chassis is gray and black, with incomplete or inconspicuous features.
Location: India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places.
In addition to the above varieties, there are two kinds of rhinoceros horn users: ① wide angle: also known as hornstone, column angle or Tianma angle, which is the horn of African black rhinoceros or white rhinoceros. The angle is about 60 cm long, gradually tapering from the bottom up, the middle part is round, the upper part is slightly curved, and the top end is thin and slightly flat. The upper part is gray-black, the lower part is gray-yellow, and the goods are mostly painted in bright black. The chassis is round, the nest is shallow, and there is a fishy smell on Wutiangou Mountain and on the edge of Ma Ya. There are also sawed into irregular small pieces, called "wide-angle petals."
② Small rhinoceros horn: also known as "mushroom head", it is a small horn on the top of rhinoceros. It is 3 ~ 13cm long, dark and bright in color, with light color in the lower half and many longitudinal cracks. The top is round like a small steamed bun. The chassis is circular with a diameter of 3 ~ 9 cm. The "nest" is shallow and the "sand bottom" is thin. The longitudinal section line is thick, with parallel texture, no twisted line and gray-black. How distorted the pound is The taste is slightly turbid.
Chemical composition The main component of rhinoceros horn is keratin. In addition, it also contains other protein, peptides and free amino acids, guanidine derivatives, sterols and so on. Cystine accounts for 8.7% in the amino acid of rhino horn protein, and there are three basic amino acids: histidine, lysine and arginine. Its molecular ratio is 1: 5: 12, so it is similar to wool and ox horn and mainly belongs to keratin.
Recently, cheap buffalo horn is often used instead of rhinoceros horn in medical treatment, which promotes the study of two kinds of horn components. For the comparison of the composition of the two horns, please refer to the article "Buffalo Horn". Simply put, both horns contain cholesterol, but rhinoceros horn also contains a small amount of other sterols and basic peptides. Rhinoceros horn contains aspartic acid, while buffalo horn does not. Rhinoceros horn contains less guanidine than buffalo horn.
The decoction of rhinoceros horn was electrophoresed on paper, and there were two ninhydrin positive spots on the anode side which were slightly slower than cysteine. After hydrolysis, there is cysteine. We also found that 1 acidic amino acid was slightly slower than cysteine.
2 mg/g amino acids can be obtained by extracting rhinoceros horn with hot water, which contains about 20 kinds of amino acids such as serine and glycine. The decoction also contains ethanolamine.
Pharmacological action ① Influence on cardiovascular system
Rhinoceros horn decoction has cardiotonic effect on normal and weak isolated toad, rabbit heart and toad in situ heart. The blood pressure of rhinoceros horn on dogs and rabbits rises first, then falls, and then continues to rise. This change in blood pressure may be due to the combined effect of heart and blood vessels. Bufo bufo gargarizans' lower limb perfusion showed a brief contraction and then expansion.
② antipyretic effect
Rhinoceros horn and wide angle have no antipyretic effect on rabbits with Escherichia coli fever, and buffalo horn suspension and buffalo horn injection have no obvious antipyretic effect on rabbits with milk fever.
③ Other functions
The decoction of rhinoceros horn, ox horn and pig's hoof nail has exciting effect on isolated rabbit intestine. The total number of white blood cells in rabbits increased sharply after decreasing. It has no inhibitory effect on staphylococcus in vivo and in vitro.
④ According to the preliminary experimental results of blood pressure, antipyretic, hemogram and bacteriostasis in isolated hearts, intestines and rabbits, some people think that the effects of cattle and sheep horn and pig's hoof claw nails are basically similar to those of rhinoceros horn.
In other words, after the rhinoceros horn is soaked in physiological saline, it has a short-term inhibitory effect on the isolated frog heart (the amplitude increases, but the heart rate has no obvious change); After intravenous injection, the blood pressure of rabbits increased, the blood vessels in rabbit ears dilated, and the isolated rabbit intestines and uterus excited. For rabbits with fever caused by Escherichia coli, intravenous injection can reduce the body temperature to normal; It has a slight pupil dilation effect on rabbit eyes; Mice injected with 30%0.5 ml intravenously can have spasms, respiratory disorders and exophthalmos, which disappear within 5 minutes and then sleep for 5 ~ 6 hours.
Processing of rhinoceros horn slices: chop rhinoceros horn and salt petals, soak them in warm water, take them out, mash them and dry them in the sun. Rhinoceros horn powder: take rhinoceros horn file powder and grind it into very fine powder.
(1) Lei Gong's baking theory: "When trimming corners, avoid salt."
② Materia Medica: "The tip of rhinoceros horn should be ground. If it is scattered in soup, it will be broken. "
It tastes sour, salty and cold.
① Classic: "Bitter taste, cold."
② Don't record: "Sour and salty, slightly cold and nontoxic."
(3) Theory of medicinal properties: "Sweet taste, little toxicity."
Meridian enters the heart and liver.
(1) Materia Medica: "Entering Yangming."
② Lei Gong's explanation of the nature of drugs: "Entering the Heart Meridian and Liver Meridian."
(3) Compendium of Materia Medica: "It begins with Taiyin, Shaoyin, Zujue Yin and Shaoyin Meridian."
Function: clearing heat and cooling blood, relieving convulsion and detoxifying. It can be used for treating typhoid fever, febrile disease, panic, dysphoria, delirium, macula, yellowing, hematemesis, epistaxis, hemorrhage and carbuncle.
1 classic: "Treat all kinds of poison and miasma. Kill gourd, feather and snake venom. "
(2) Notes on Materia Medica: "Remove the poison of scopolamine."
③ Don't record: "Treat cold, epidemic febrile disease, headache, cold and heat, poisonous gas."
④ Theory of medicinal properties: "Eliminating pathogenic factors, calming the heart and clearing away heat, expelling wind and detoxifying can cure hair back, carbuncle, sore and swelling, and turn pus into water." When he was in charge of treatment, he was as hot as fire, bored, poisoned and talked wildly. "
⑤ Dietotherapy Materia Medica: "Treat dysentery, grind it into powder, and take it with water; It also treats apoplexy, nausea and pain, all kinds of food poisoning, drug poisoning, heat toxicity, stroke of bones and muscles, and heart wind boredom. " She also used a water mill to get juice for the children to drink, so as to cure the fever.
⑥ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat upset, stop spasm, stop tears and phlegm, stop dysentery, soothe the liver and improve eyesight. Treat apoplectic aphonia, toxic heat, and madness. "
⑦ "Outline": "Grinding juice to treat hematemesis, epistaxis, bleeding, typhoid fever, madness, yellowing and spotting; The vaccinia is dense, and the internal heat sinks or does not scab. " Clearing liver and cooling heart, clearing stomach and detoxifying. "
Oral administration and dosage: grinding juice or powder, 3 ~ 6 minutes; Decoct soup, 0.5 ~ 2 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: grinding juice and coating.
It is advisable to avoid the theory of Lei Gong's roasting: "If a woman is pregnant, don't take it, it can eliminate fetal gas."
(2) Notes on Materia Medica: "Turpentine is used for it." Evil bacteria, thunder pill. "
3 "Outline": "Cimicifuga is for it. Aconitum, Darkmouth. "
(4) "Materia Medica": "Not suitable for people who have nothing but acne and are too hot; Syndrome of typhoid and yin is easily provoked and should not be misused. "
Prescription 1 is used to treat summer fever, spasm, syncope, delirium, dry tongue color, or purple, or round hard, or black fur; It can also be used to treat acne and furuncle with severe toxicity, purple spots, smoldering after acne rash, rotten mouth and throat: black rhinoceros horn tip (ground juice), Acorus gramineus, Scutellaria baicalensis, Radix Rehmanniae (washed with cold water and soaked in mashed juice), Flos Lonicerae (especially fresh), clearing feces, Fructus Forsythiae, and Radix Isatidis. Dry and grind (don't fry with fire). Take rhinoceros horn, rehmannia juice, clear feces, mashed pills (without honey, if the pills are difficult, you can cook black beans), and each weight is San Qian. Take it with cold water twice a day. Divide the children equally. If there is no clear stool, you can add Renzhong Huangsi Yan Liang Pill. ("Warm Jingwei" Shen Yidan)
② Those who are delirious in delirium due to Taiyin fever: rhinoceros horn tip (washed and grinded into powder), Shen Yuanxin San Qian, lotus plumule (five points), bamboo leaf roll heart (two money), buckwheat heart (two money) and Ophiopogon japonicus (San Qian). Decoct with water. (Qing Gong Tang in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)
(3) Treating typhoid fever with excessive toxic heat and red spots on the body: rhinoceros horn (mashed), ephedra (rooted), gypsum, coptis root (bearded) and gardenia seed. Serve the five flavors, sift them roughly, five yuan each, and fry one and a half cups of water to one cup. Move me away and accept it warmly. (Sheng Jizong recorded rhinoceros horn soup)
④ Treatment of acute jaundice, dysphoria of heart diaphragm and red eyes pain: Rhinoceros horn 1-2 tablets, Herba Artemisiae Scopariae 2 tablets, Scutellariae Radix 1-2 tablets, Gardenia Fructus 1-2 tablets, Sichuan Cimicifuga rhizome 1-2 tablets and Sichuan mirabilite 2 tablets. Apply medicine, pound and sift powder. Take four yuan each time, a glass of water, three or seven bamboo leaves, stir-fry until six points, and take them warm regardless of time. ("Sheng Huifang" rhino horn powder)
⑤ To treat typhoid and febrile diseases, those who should accumulate blood without sweating, and those who have epistaxis and vomit blood, blood stasis, yellow face and black stool. Removing blood stasis: rhinoceros horn, rehmannia root, peony and peony bark. Serve four ingredients, cut them into pieces, boil three liters in nine liters of water, and take them three times. ("Qian Jinfang" Rhinoceros Horn Dihuang Decoction)
⑥ Treat hematemesis like goose and duck liver, day and night: rhinoceros horn 22 (for pound crumbs) and platycodon grandiflorum 22 (for health use). On the second taste, the knife is scattered. Warm wine is adjusted to two yuan. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu Sheng Xi San)
⑦ antidiarrheal blood: two rhinoceros horns (leftovers), two rehmannia roots and two Sanguisorba officinalis. Serve three flavors, mash and sieve, and honey pills are as big as marbles. Take one pill each time, one liter of water, fry for five times, except me, and take it warm. (Ancient and modern folk prescription records)
(8) Children with skin rash, who are not afraid of cold, but irritable, have red urine, are thirsty, or have red spots: rhinoceros horn (pound), licorice root (fried) 50% each, Saposhnikovia root 20% and Scutellaria root 50%. The top is rough and the bottom is rough. Take water from San Qian and Yi Deng, fry for 7 minutes, remove dregs and warm clothes, no matter when. ("magic prescription" rhinoceros horn powder)
Pet-name ruby to treat children with epilepsy, those who don't know anyone, boring, chewing their tongues, look up: rhinoceros horn is half a dollar, water is two, take it. (Light Cube)
Indications for treating erysipelas, wandering around, wind-heat, dysphoria and unconsciousness in children: Fructus Arctii (parched), Herba Schizonepetae, Radix Saposhnikoviae, Scutellariae Radix, rhinoceros horn, and Radix Glycyrrhizae. Decoct with water. Slice beef for external use, and change it when it is dry. (Disinfected rhinoceros horn drink in Qi Fang Lei Bian)
⑾ For treating fever with sore throat, you can't eat aphtha: one or two pieces of rhinoceros horn, one or two pieces of Sichuan Cimicifuga rhizome, one or two pieces of Sichuan Dahuang (filed, slightly fried), one or two pieces of horse tooth nitrate, one or two pieces of Cortex Phellodendri (filed) and one or two pieces of Scutellaria baicalensis. Apply the medicine and sieve it into powder. Take four glasses of water, fry them to a cup, add honey, boil them once or twice, warm them and swallow them slowly. ("Sheng Huifang" rhinoceros horn soup)
⑿ Treatment of eye swelling and pain: half a piece of rhinoceros horn, two pieces of Gentiana macrophylla (removing seedlings and soil), one piece of Rhizoma Coptidis (removing whiskers), one piece of talc (crushing), one piece of mirabilite and half an almond (soaking, peeling tips and Shuang Ren, producing oil). On the six flavors, mash them into powder and mix them evenly. Take sand and sugar water as medicine and boil it into paste. Every time you use soap, boil the soup and wash it. (Shengji always records rhinoceros horn paste)
[13] Treatment of carbuncle: Drink rhinoceros horn juice. (Qian Jinfang)
Famous experts discuss ① "Outline": "Rhinoceros horn, foot Yangming medicine also. The stomach is an ocean of water, and food and medicine must be eaten first, so rhinoceros horn can solve all kinds of poisons. " The five internal organs are all qi in the stomach, and wind, evil and heat and toxin must dry first. So rhinoceros horn can treat all kinds of blood and acne. "
② Classic of Materia Medica: "Rhinoceros horn treats hematemesis, epistaxis, hemorrhage, typhoid hematocele, delirium, yellowing, macula, sores and gangrene, and dark summer heat. They all have the functions of entering the stomach into the heart, eliminating evil and clearing heat, cooling blood and detoxifying. "
(3) "Materia Medica": "Rhinoceros horn, rising in sex, is good at dispersing, so it is used to treat people with typhoid fever and toxic heat, which is annoying and stuffy. The drug is mixed into the grinding tip, and the sweating rate is used as the reaction. Zhong Jingyun: If there is no rhinoceros horn, people who use Cimicifuga instead will enter Yangming with these two things, and their merits will rise and fall, so today's people will not be solved. Every doubt is that I know that rhinoceros horn can relieve my heart, but I don't know that rhinoceros horn can rise and fall, especially faster than Cimicifuga. If the middle qi is weak, the pulse is thready, acne and blood deficiency, true yin deficiency and other syndromes; Anyone who is afraid of sweat, cold and dispersion is taboo. " If necessary, you should also use it as a tonic. "
Ben Feng Jingyuan: "Rhinoceros horn is used to treat hematemesis, epistaxis and hematochezia, and Rhinoceros horn Dihuang decoction is a special medicine. If qi deficiency occurs for a long time, it is forbidden to cut and make it dissipate blood gas. People with acne especially need blood heat and poison; But on the sixth and seventh day of grouting, cutting is forbidden, because it can turn into water. However, it is not taboo to leave toxic carbuncle after scabbing. " But don't make acne because of qi deficiency and toxin. "
Remind you: rhinoceros horn, Chinese herbal medicine, comes from the internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before use.