( 1)
The inscription on the Constitution is 1: "Short folding means sorrow." 2 those who mourn, according to it; Sadness depends on the heart, so it is called sadness. Send words of condolence 3, cover up mourning 4 with no tears, so it's not yellow hair 5, but surprise 6. Yesterday, Sanliang was martyred for Qin 7, and the hundred husbands didn't redeem 8, and everything died. The yellow bird mourned 10, and suppressed the people's mourning in 1 1! However, Hanwu closed meditation at 12, while Huozihou died suddenly at 13, and the emperor was injured at 14 to write poems and make mourning poems. And the death of Ruyang Wang in the later Han Dynasty (15), the mourning of Cui Yuan (16) and the previous formula (17). But I went to the gate of hell 18, which was strange and didn't matter. Riding a dragon and a cloud, neither dying nor mourning; Five words and you die, which is quite like a ballad. It seems that Hanwu is also 20. As for Su Shen and Zhang Sheng, 2 1 and 22 elegies, although they expressed their feelings, they were not sincere. Jian 'an's funeral is 24, Wei Changqiong is good, 25, and Walking Girl is 26, sometimes 27. Pan Yue's successor is 28 years old, which is really beautiful. Look at its thoughtful words, change to 30, love hole sad 3 1, narrative as biography 32; Copying "Poetry" with words promotes four words and thirty-three words, with fewer slow sentences; Therefore, it is possible to be upright and gentle, old-fashioned and interesting. Lu Jin and Eupatorium adenophorum are 35, which is different and different.
[translation]
"Yi Zhou Shu Shi Fa" said: "Those who die young are called mourning." Sadness is dependence, and sadness must depend on the heart, so it is called sadness. The writing of mourning is mainly for those who died young. So it has nothing to do with the elderly, and it must be used for children who die short-lived. Once upon a time, three good sons of Ziche family were buried with Qin Mugong; Their deaths cannot be redeemed by a hundred people. This situation is the same as a person's early death. The poem "Yellow Bird" expresses their sadness, which may be regarded as an elegy in the Book of Songs. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Mount Tai to worship heaven, Huoshan, who followed him, suddenly died. The poems written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty are also mourning poems. It was not until the death of Wang Changlu of Runan in the Eastern Han Dynasty that Cui Yuancai wrote a eulogy for Liu Chang, which changed the format of writing a eulogy in the past. But it says that the deceased rushed into the gate of hell, which is very strange and unreasonable; He also said that the deceased Lapras was in the clouds and had no worries about entering the fairyland; The last paragraph uses a five-character sentence pattern, which seems to be in the form of a ballad, which is slightly close to the eulogy written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty for Huoshan. Both Su Shun and Zhang Sheng in the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote elegies. Although they are emotional and literary, they fail to fully express their true feelings. Only Xu Yugan wrote a better elegy in Jian 'an period, and his Mourning for the Past contains some sad feelings. Pan Yue's continuation of elegy in Jin Dynasty really concentrated the advantages of elegy creation. His imagination is rich, his words are changeable, and his feelings are deep and sad. His narration is like writing a biography, and his words are imitated from the Book of Songs. That kind of four-word sentence with close syllables is rarely described loosely; So you can write honestly and beautifully, but along the old style, it shows new interest. In particular, Pan Yue's Mourning for Jin Lu and Mourning for the Orphan of Ren Zixian's wife Perrin have never been written so well.
[Notes]
1 Poet Fairy (Poetry City): A passage from Yi Zhou Shu's Poetic Method is quoted from Volume 2 of Wang Yinglin's Notes on Learning Difficulties, and the word "Fu Xian" is noted: "Wen Xin Diao Long" says "Fu". "Here is the use of" buried constitution "to refer to" easy interpretation ". Constitution: cloth hair. George: a title added after the death of feudal emperors and ministers.
2 Short Folding Worry: This is the words in Yi Zhou Shu Xie Fajie. The original text is: "Fleas (at first) are lonely and short-folded, and public people are short-folded." According to Kong Chao's comments, when people die of "unknown things" or "failure to make contributions", it is called mourning. Fold: Die young, die young. 3 send: send. This refers to the expression.
4 No Tears: Tang wrote this book "indecent". The book "Finger Defects" says: "Courtesy is extremely respectful, but it is obscene." This "dirty" refers to "weak children", which is synonymous with "dirty" and refers to young people.
5 yellow hair: the old man.
6 Faint: In Nineteen Years of Zuo Gong, Kong explained the word "faint in the sky", saying that fainting means "died before March".
Sanliang: Three good people refer to the three sons of Chejia in the Spring and Autumn Period, namely, Zhong Xing and Pearl Krabs Tiger. "Zuo Zhuan Wen Zhuan Gongliu Year" said that after Qin Mugong's death, three people were buried together. Martyrdom (xn Xun): After the death of ancient rulers, the living were forced to be buried with them. Qin: Qin Mugong, according to the historical book Qin Benji, more than 170 people died after his death.
Husband: A man. Exchange, exchange. "The Book of Songs Yellow Bird" says: "If you can redeem it, you will have a hundred people."
9 Yao Heng: The name of this book written by Tang is called, which also means to die young. Waste: Qu.
10 yellow bird: An article in The Book of Songs Qin Feng was written in memory of the third son of Ziche. Fu: Statement.
1 1 Poet: refers to the author of The Book of Songs, The Yellow Bird.
12 and (j): and, to. Hanwu: Liu Che, emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. Closure of Zen: a ritual for feudal emperors to sacrifice heaven and earth.
13 Huo Zihou: Ming Sh ? n (Sh M4N Fan), son of Huo Qubing, a famous Western Han Dynasty. According to the biography of Han Huo Qubing, Emperor Wu ordered Huoshan to accompany him to Mount Tai for a meditation ceremony and died suddenly on his way home.
14 Poems written for the wounded: There is no poem written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to mourn Huoshan, and there is no record of "writing poems". According to: Historical Records: A Book of Guan Chan, Huan Tan's New Theory: Denial of Injustice, Custom and History as a Mirror, Volume II: The History of Emperor Wu also has this matter, and the poems written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty have not mentioned it. There are a few words in the four volumes of The Book of the Whole Han Dynasty written by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, that is, "Taoist priests all say that Hou Xian will go, so it is no pity".
15 Ruyang King: There was no Ruyang King in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi, Andi and Shun Di. Liu Chang, the second son of Emperor Hanming, was once called King Runa or Liu Chang. Runan County is located in Han Dynasty, and Ruyang is its county.
16 Cui yuan (ad 77- 142): word, scholar of the eastern Han dynasty. Mourning: It may mean mourning for Chang Lu's works, which no longer exist today. Liu Chang died at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 98), when Cui Yuan was about 2 1 year old.
17 means to mourn the dead. Later, mourning was not completely limited to childhood.
18 performance: practice, go. Sudden: rush in.
19 Diligence: I can't quit.
Like Hanwu: similar to the funeral of Huoshan made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, such as "Immortality without mourning".
2 1: Tang wrote. According to the Su Shun. Su was a native of Xiaoshan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhang Sheng: Zi, a scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Elegy: The elegy of Su Shun and Zhang Sheng has not been passed down.
Sincerity: that is, affection, refers to true feelings.
24 Jian 'an: Liu, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, AD 196-220.
25 paddock: Xu Gan, a writer at the end of Han Dynasty. Poor: comparison.
26' Walking Women': It refers to Xu Gan's' mourning for walking women', which does not exist.
27 (Dada): Sadness.
28 Pan Yue: The word An Ren was a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty.
29 Heel: Tang wrote this book as Zhong. According to the word "bell", it means gathering.
30 Good: Tang wrote this book to "support". According to the word "support", it means abundance.
3 1 hole: deep. Bitterness: pain.
32 Chuan (written by zhán): Chuan.
Section 33: refers to syllables.
340,000: beauty.
Jin Lu refers to Pan Yue's mourning for Jin Lu. "Eupatorium adenophorum" refers to Pan Yue's "mourning Eupatorium adenophorum as the only daughter of a good wife". For all existence, see Volume 92 of Complete Works of Jinwen.
No one can continue to write such works. This evaluation is too high.
(2)
The funeral of the former husband is generally 1, and the feelings are mainly pain, and the resignation is poor, so cherish 2. Young people have not become virtuous, so fame is just a dry reward 3; Weak, so skin color 4 plus mourning. It is only five things to hide your heart and conclude a text, but it is extravagant to observe a text that belongs to your heart. Luxury is words, but beauty is not sad; It will make you sad, words will make you cry, it's your ears.
[translation]
The main point of mourning poem writing is that feelings should be sad, and words should try to express love for the deceased. Because the deceased was young and his moral character had not yet been formed, he was mainly praised for his cleverness; Because the deceased was young and weak, he had never served as a national event, and he could only mourn his appearance. It is satisfactory for the author to write a sad mood as a lament; Connecting the mind for the sake of gorgeous language will appear grandiose and unreal. Write mourning poems in a grandiose and unreal style, which is gorgeous but not sad; The author's thoughts and feelings must be mixed with sadness, and the elegy written can make others cry. This kind of work is valuable.
[Notes]
1 General: subject. Refers to the main points in writing.
2 poverty: extreme exhaustion.
3 Cha Hui: Smart. Hui: Tong Hui.
4 skin color: one is "capacity color", which means the same thing and refers to appearance.
5 hidden: pain. Cece: I'm satisfied. This sentence has the same meaning as "writing for love" in the book Love.
Genus 6: similar to the meaning of the word "knot" in the previous sentence, connected. Luxury: exaggerated, unreal. This sentence is similar to "creating feelings for writing" in the article "Love".
7 weeping: refers to the touching role of mourning articles.
(3)
Hang, to also. "Poetry" cloud 1: "Hanging of God 2". It is wise to speak. When a gentleman dies, things are extremely sad, and the guest comforts the Lord with the word "to". Drowning is good, so don't hang up. Song shui, Zheng huo 6, pedestrian 7, the victim country died, so the same crane is also 8. And Zhu Jin Mittai 9, attacking Yancheng 10, Zhao Shi and Su Qin 1 1, congratulations on his hanging up12; Abusing people and making enemies 13 is also a way to die. Take Vance as an example, the setting of hanging is also 14: or arrogant and extravagant, 15, or resentful and obedient, 16, or ambitious forever 17, or beautiful and tired, chasing comfort, and named hanging. Since Jia Yi's Gone with the Wind in Hunan 19, Anger's Hanging Bend 20, with the same heart 2 1, the first work is also 22. Like "Hanging 2" 23, it is fully empowered; Huan Tan thought his words were so embarrassing that the readers sighed. Moreover, the flat chapter will be cut by 25, and it will be sad if it is broken. Yang Xiong bends 27, thinking about merit, making small achievements, with deep meaning and slightly 29 words, so the rhyme is deep and embarrassing. Ban Biao and Cai Yong are 3 1, sensitive to language 32, but attached to Jia's 33, so it is difficult to drive their ears together. There are 34 "Hanging" by Hu and Ruan, and 35 are praised but not heard; Zhong Xuan did 36 and laughed at the actual work of 37. However, Hu and Ruan Jiaqing are distinct, and the prince injured him 38, and each ambition was 39. Mi Heng's "Hanging Ping Zi" 40 is beautiful but light and clear 41; Lu Ji's "Hanging Wei Wu" is the 42nd time, and the sequence is ingenious and complicated. There's no one calling down there.
[translation]
The so-called hanging is to arrive. In the Book of Songs, "God hangs", which means the arrival of God. It is extremely sad that people who die normally will be buried in mourning. Therefore, the guests' condolences to the mourners and their arrival mean "hanging". According to the Book of Rites, there is no need to mourn for being crushed to death by something or drowned by water, because they are not normal deaths. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a flood in Song State and a fire in Zheng State. Later, countries sent envoys to express their condolences. This is a national disaster, and everyone is dead, so this kind of condolence and mourning is the same. There is another situation: for example, during the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin built the Palace of Qi, and Qi attacked the State of Yan. Zhao Shi and Su Qin think that such things should not be congratulated, but mourned. Because building Qi Palace to destroy the people, attacking Yan State and making enemies are all ways of national subjugation. In some cases, we should use the slogan: either we are arrogant to death and expensive to death, or we are angry and go against the normal way, or we are born with great ambitions, or we have beautiful talents but certain defects. Memories of these condolence works are called condolences. After Jia Yi crossed the Xiangjiang River in the early Han Dynasty, he was filled with indignation and wrote the article Mourning for the Wrestling, which was clear in organization, accurate in facts, clear in wording and sad in content. This is the earliest funeral work. Qin Ershi Fu is a genre of Fu. Huan Tan feels so painful that readers can sigh for it. Fu's last words are concise and accurate, which can make people sad. Yang Xiong's Anti-Li Sao, written in memory of Qu Yuan, thought a lot, but had little effect. Its original intention is to backchat Li Sao, so the phonology of the words is not very smooth. Another example is Ban Biao's Mourning for Li Sao and Cai Yong's Mourning for Qu, who are also good at asking questions. However, it is difficult for them to keep pace with Jia Yi's Hanging Qu Wenyuan. In addition, such as "Diaowen" and "Diaobo", they only praise but not belittle; Wang Shen's Diaowen criticized Boyi and Shu Qi well. However, Hu Guang and Ruan Yu praised the lofty ideals of Boyi and Shu Qi, while Wang Shen was dissatisfied with their narrowness because of their different views. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Mi Fei's "Hanging Zhang Hengwen" was rich in words and suddenly enlightened. The preface of "Diaowen" written by Lu Ji in Jin Dynasty is good, but the hanging characters are too complicated. Since then, there have been no commendable works.
[Notes]
1 Poetry: refers to the "natural forest protection" in The Book of Songs Xiaoya.
2 hanging (Didi): immediate delivery means arrival. This word is different from mourning. Liu Xie doesn't want to hang out here.
3 make a break: a good beginning and a good end, a normal death. Determination of funeral ceremony: There was a complicated ceremony of "determining funeral ceremony" in ancient times. The "fixed funeral" here generally refers to handling the funeral.
4 Take "arrival" as an example: Liu Xie lifted the mourning hanging, so it means that the arrival of the guests is hanging.
5 pressure, a good way to drown: "Book of Rites Tan Gong Shang" says that there are three situations in which people don't have to mourn: first, "fear", being attacked by others, and dying without regret; The second is "pressure". I went to a dangerous place and was crushed to death by collapsed things; The third kind is "drowning", which is drowned while swimming. Liu Xie only talked about "stress and drowning", but all three were included. Good method: unusual method. In terms of feudal ethics, these three situations are not happy endings.
6 Song Shui: "Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Eleven Years" records that there was a flood in Song State, and Lu sent people to mourn. Zheng Huo: In Eighteen Years of Zuo Gong, the state of Zheng caught fire, and only Xu Guo did not mourn.
Pedestrian: Diplomatic envoys. Speech: refers to giving condolences.
General tone: refers to the condolences of envoys of various vassal States to floods and fires, which has the same meaning as mourning.
9 Ji (sρSi) platform, namely Qi Palace, was named Jin Palace in the Spring and Autumn Period, so it is located in Quwo County, Shanxi Province today. In the eighth year of Zuo Gong, the "Qi Palace" was built, and Lu Pai Shu Ju and Zheng Pai You Zhi congratulated him.
10 Attacking Yancheng: In "The Warring States Policy Yance I", Qi Xuanwang took advantage of the funeral of Yan State to attack Yan State, occupying ten cities. Attack: by surprise.
1 1 Zhao Shi: The Imperial Master of Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the eighth year of Zuo Gong, when Ji (the son) went to Jin to congratulate the completion of Qi Palace, she said to his uncle, "What a shame! I can congratulate him. " Su Qin: Ji Zi was a strategist in the Warring States Period. "The Warring States Policy, Yance I" said that after Qi attacked the ten cities of Yan, Su Qin "bowed again to congratulate Qi Xuanwang, hanging by his back".
12 Turn congratulations into condolences: Turn congratulations into condolences.
13 Abuse of the people: refers to the state of Jin, which built the palace of Qi and harmed the people. Enemy line: attack Yan together and become an enemy. Structure: isomorphism, construction, knot.
14 setting: give and use.
15 Pride and Death (Cloud): Qin Ershi and Hu Hai. Sima Xiangru's Ode to Qin Ershi once said that Hu Hai "held his body tight" and so on. Go to hell.
16 (juàn tired) Anger with kindness: refers to Qu Yuan, etc. Anger: impatience and resentment. In Yang Xiong's anti-Li Sao, it is said that Qu Yuan's works are licentious and narrow-minded. Liu Xie also said that Qu Yuan had "narrow-minded ambition" in the article "Distinguishing Sao".
17 Where there is a will, there is no time: it refers to Zhang Heng, etc. Mi Fei said in "Hanging Zhang Hengwen": "Yi Yin () arrived in Tang (Shang), and Lv Wang (Zhou Chen) was born as a monarch when he met Dan (), but he arrived in Han." This is Zhang Hengsheng's untimely sigh.
18 both talented and tired: refers to Cao Cao, etc. Lu Ji's "Diaowen" said: "Isn't it because of the quality of intelligence that humility is inevitable?" Tired: Involvement leads to loss.
Jia Yi (19): A writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, he was a great master in Changsha, so he was called Jia Changsha or Jia Taifu. Floating: refers to crossing the water. Xiang: Xiangjiang River in Hunan.
20' Diaoqu': refers to Jia Yi's' Diaoqu Wenyuan', which contains' Selected Works' in volume 60.
2 1 Same: Tang wrote a book "Zhou" and translated it according to the word "Zhou". Nuclear: verification.
The first issue: the earliest hanging article. Xu Shizeng's preface to stylistics says: "If Jia Yi's Hanging Qu Yuan, he is also the ancestor of hanging." The condolences mentioned above during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period are only verbal condolences.
23 Xiang Ru: surnamed Sima, word evergreen, poet of the Western Han Dynasty. Hang 2: It refers to Sima Xiangru's Mourning for Qin Ershi, which has been preserved to this day and contains Historical Records and Biography of Sima Xiangru.
24 Huan Tan: The word Junshan was a scholar in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Fear: sad. Huan Tan's comments on Qin Ershi Fu may be lost in New Theory.
25 Pingzhang: Tang wrote this book as a "pawn chapter". According to the chapter of death, it refers to the reason of "national subjugation and power loss" written at the end of Mourning for Qin Ershi.
26 break: stop, refers to reading.
Yang Xiong: Zi Ziyun was a scholar and writer in the late Western Han Dynasty. Xiong Zhuan said that he wrote Li Sao for Hanging Qu Yuan.
28 less merit: less merit.
Literature: Tang wrote this book as Anti-Sao. According to the translation of Anti-Sao. Xiong Zhuan said that Li Sao "often kills (picks up) Li Sao, and vice versa".
30 Shen: Wet disease. Zhuì falls: swollen feet. This means that the language is not fluent.
3 1 Ban Biao: catalpa bark, a historian and writer in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. There are also "Mourning for Li Sao" and eight sentences. See Collection of Literature and Art, Volume 58. Yūng Yong, a scholar and writer at the end of the Han Dynasty, wrote "Hanging Qu Wenyuan", which is incomplete. See Collection of Literature and Art, Volume 40.
32 words: Tang wrote this book as Yi. The basis of translation is the word "strange".
33 Shadow Attachment: Attachment, such as shadow attachment, here refers to following.
34 Hu:, a word, was a great bureaucrat in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Ruan: Zi Yu, a writer at the end of Han Dynasty. Hanging: the hanging text and the hanging uncle are incomplete. See Volume 37 of Folk Art. Qi Yi: Bo Yi and Shu Qi, nobles at the end of Yin Dynasty, died without eating after Yin died.
35 praise: praise. Wen: Tang wrote a book called Room. The basis of translation is the word "Jian". Advanced Analects of Confucius: "People are not in the words of their parents." Encourage troops and sparse: "occasionally, that is, do not destroy the toilet."
36. Wang Can, a writer at the end of the Han Dynasty, has Diaowen, which is still incomplete, and contains Collection of Arts, Volume 37.
Laugh at (his drinking), criticize.
38 pass (love): narrow. Wang can criticized them for "knowing how to support the elderly and forgetting to eliminate violence as a thought" in "Diaowen". RoyceWong's criticism is still based on feudal ideas.
39 Zhi Ye: Tang wrote this book as Zhi Ye. Translation is corresponding.
40 You (mí fan) Heng: Zhengping, a writer at the end of Han Dynasty. "Hanging Ping Zi" refers to Mi Fei's "Hanging Zhang Hengwen", which is incomplete. See Taiping Yu Lan (Volume 596). Zhang Heng: Ping Zi was a scientist and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
4 1 (Ru Ru): Prosperity. Light: contempt.
42 Lu Ji: a word, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty. "Hanging": refers to Lu Ji's "Hanging Text", which is extant and contains 60 volumes of Selected Works. Wei Wu: It refers to Wei Wudi and Cao Cao.
(4)
Although the fu tune has ancient meaning, the thorn did not create1; If the rhyme is too slow, it will become fu. To uphold justice, we must adhere to the principle of justice; Show virtue and stop violating virtue; Analyze praise and criticism; If we are sad and righteous, we will not succeed.
[translation]
Although the meaning of mourning is ancient, there are gorgeous words later; If it is too gorgeous and the rhyme is not compact, it will evolve into a fu style. Funeral articles should be used to uphold justice, correct things, show virtue and prevent mistakes; Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and praise it, and correctly express the feelings of mourning, so as not to undermine the legitimate significance of the mourning sketch.
[Notes]
1 Not made: it is a "finally made" error. Final production: later stage.
2 rope: correction.
Zhao: I see. Plug: prevent. Violation: negligence.
4 cut: the text written by Tang Dynasty is "cut", and the translation is based on the word "cut". Analyze it.
Xia Lun: Li, this is a normal mourning principle.
(5)
Zan: The word is set to 1, and the weak medium is 2. Miaobuxiu 3, since ancient times, 4. Although there is a generalist, fans accuse 5. A thousand years can hurt, and fables are sent to 6.
[translation]
In short, it is the young and weak children who mourn. Seedlings can't grow, and they have been mourning for it since ancient times. Although there is an all-rounder in writing, it is difficult to use it correctly without the direction of mourning. This eternal sadness can only be sent away by hanging words.
[Notes]
1: Tang wrote a book called Ci Ai, and the translation is based on Tang's book.
2 weak alley: refers to childhood. Make: tease.
Exhibit 3: The crops are heading and flowering.
4 s: words. I am sad.
5 sides: direction. Su: Tang wrote the text as "lost" and translated it as "lost". Control: control.
6 accommodation: accommodation, here refers to expression.