The word "heaven and earth" has multiple meanings in ancient Chinese, including many concepts, among which the land of space, heaven and earth that we are familiar with is just one of them. If you want to understand the meaning of the word heaven and earth, you must read the Book of Changes. The Book of Changes is the first of the Five Classics, which talks about the way of heaven and earth and the change of yin and yang. In the traditional culture of China, the four books and a hundred schools of thought all developed from the root of the Book of Changes. It is putting the cart before the horse to learn China culture without reading the Book of Changes.
sky
The Book of Changes says, "Metaphysics refers to the Tao, while metaphysics refers to the device". Before the universe was born, it was in a state of chaos. Modern physics is called ultra-dense infinite collapse particles before the Big Bang, and China culture is called Taiji. 65.438+0.5 billion years ago, this ultra-dense particle suddenly exploded, forming the material universe we saw, in which tangible substances condensed into stars, that is, the earth; Invisible space expands to form space, which is the sky. The Book of Changes says: Those who are clear ascend to heaven, while those who are turbid descend to earth. Isn't it vivid and concrete? But this is the physical world, the material world. In Yijing culture, it belongs to the metaphysical "tool world", that is, the material world. The metaphysical world of Tao is beyond our existing intelligence, so Zhuangzi said, "Beyond Liuhe, no matter what". "Save" means to keep, "no matter" means not to discuss, and "save and no matter" means not to discuss for the time being. Because we are not smart enough, we will quarrel when we talk about it, so why bother! To tell the truth to people with high wisdom, it is heaven in metaphysics and earth in physics. People who are not wise enough can only say simple words: space is the sky and the earth is the earth. It's all the words of heaven and earth. Deep people have a deep understanding, while shallow people have a shallow view, and each has its own place.
black
In color, it refers to the color of dark blue close to black, which is called Xuan. In a sense, it refers to the sublime and inscrutable, and is called metaphysics. The color of the sky visible to the naked eye is blue, how can it be said to be black? The blue of the sky is due to the diffraction of light. The red, orange, yellow and green light in the sun has a long wavelength and can be diffracted and emitted to the ground. Blue, indigo and purple have shorter wavelengths and can only be reflected back and forth between various impurities in the air, so the sky looks blue. But when astronauts go into space, they see that the space is dark, and only the stars give off a little light. This is really black, so the color of Tian Xuan is correct. In addition, the sky is sublime, just as Laozi said, the metaphysical body of the sky is mysterious and unfathomable, which is beyond our existing wisdom. This is a metaphysical paradise, so it is called Tian Xuan.
glutinous rehmannia
Rehmannia glutinosa has two meanings. Our culture in China, especially the traditional culture, is called Rehmannia glutinosa because the soil color, human skin color, millet, millet and other crops are all yellow.
Another meaning is that the celestial bodies in the universe, including the earth, are all products of the Big Bang, and they are all hot substances in the initial state. The earth condenses its temperature in the magma of the core, and it is constantly replenished with the help of the sun. Life can only exist if there is temperature. In chromatographic analysis, dark black is a cool color and yellow is a warm color. Rehmannia also praised the warm earth for its long-term nourishing and nurturing function, so China people also called the earth "mother". The sky is high and the tunnel is deep, and yellow also represents the depth of the tunnel. Superstitious people say, "When people die, they go to the grave. Crossing the Naihe Bridge is the way to the grave." . Although the words are not credible, their meaning is nothing more than another deep world unknown to the living.
It can be seen that it is not easy to understand the word "heaven and earth are mysterious and yellow".
Source of works
It is a kind of rhyme composed of 1000 Chinese characters, compiled by Zhou Xingsi, assistant minister of the Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (before Sui and Tang Dynasties, words that didn't rhyme or contradict were called "pen" instead of "text"). Liang Wudi (502-549) selected 65,438+0,000 non-repetitive Chinese characters from Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works, and ordered Zhou Xingsi, an assistant minister who rode far away from Yuan Dynasty, to compile them. The full text consists of four sentences, which are neat, clear and brilliant. Qian Wen Zi is an influential children's enlightenment book in China. It has simple sentences and is easy to recite and remember, and has been translated into English, French, Latin and Italian.
After simplifying Chinese characters and merging variant characters in Chinese mainland, there are more than 990 different Chinese characters left in the simplified Chinese version.
original work
Thousand-Character Classic
Zhou Xingsi [Northern and Southern Dynasties]
The world is mysterious and the universe is vast. The sun and the moon are full, and Chen Su is on the list.
Cold comes and summer goes, autumn harvest and winter storage. Striding into adulthood, rhythm and temperament adjust Yang.
It rains in Yun Teng, and the dew becomes frost. Gold comes from Lishui, and jade comes from Kungang.
The sword horn is huge, and the beads are called luminous. Fruit is precious, but vegetables are heavy mustard and ginger.
The salty sea river is light, and the scales are hidden. The dragon is the fire emperor and the bird is the emperor.
The beginning of writing is clothing. Give way to the country.
Hang people and kill people, don. Sit and ask, hang the arch flat chapter.
I will be rich and strong if I love Li Shou. Distance brings guests to the king.
Ming-feng is in the bamboo-white pony grain field. Vegetation depends on ten thousand square meters.
I am born with this body, and I am permanent. Only bow and lift, dare to damage.
Women are virtuous and virtuous, while men are virtuous. Once you know it, you must change it and never forget it.
Don't talk about a person's shortcomings, just rely on yourself. The messenger can reply, but the equipment is difficult to measure.
Tears are dyed with silk, and poems praise lambs. Wei Xing County, Beijing, can be born in.
Moral construction is famous and proper. The empty valley transmits sound, and the empty hall listens.
Unfortunately, due to the accumulation of evil, good luck is due to the green mountains. A ruler is not a treasure, but an inch is a game.
The father is the king, strict and respectful. Filial piety should be exhausted and loyalty should be exhausted.
I am deeply involved in my work, and I long for warmth. Like Lansing, like pine trees.
The stream is endless and the depth is clear. Rong Zhi thoughtful, stable words.
Honesty begins and prudence ends. The foundation of honor is very poor.
Learn to be an excellent official and go into politics. Live with Gan Tang and benefit from going.
Different music, different manners. There is harmony from top to bottom, and the husband sings with the woman.
Fu Xun, into the mother instrument. Uncle Zhu, you are better than your son.
The Kong Huai brothers are in the same breath. Make friends, score points, and sharpen the rules.
Kindness is hidden, it is better to leave. Retire honestly and lose money.
Quiet and comfortable, exhausted. Keep the truth and be full of ambition, and move one thing at a time.
Adhere to elegant practice, and a good knight will bring about his own destruction. China is the capital and Beijing is the east and west.
Behind the face is Luo, and the floating Wei is the Jing. The palace is gloomy and foggy, and the scenery is flying.
Draw animals and colorful fairies. Three houses open, opposite one house.
Feast, feast, preach sheng. Be promoted to a higher position and be appointed.
The right side is wide and the left side is clear. It is not only a collection of graves, but also a collection of heroes.
Du manuscript, lacquer book wall sutra. Fu, Xia Lu Huai Qing people.
The household sealed eight counties and gave thousands of soldiers. High crown with webbed, hub vibration.
The world is rich and the car is fat. The strategy is vigorous and solid, and the tablet is engraved.
Climbing the west is cloudy, Sasaki is constant. I live in Qufu, and I do business in Dan Wei.
Huan Gong Kuang helped the weak and the poor. Kirara returned to Han Hui and said that he felt Wu Ding.
Don't be loyal, don't be sincere, be sincere. Chu Jin is more dominant, and Zhao Wei is trapped.
Kill the enemy by false means and practice the land alliance. How to abide by the contract law, Han tired of punishment.
Because the headland is quite grazing, the army is the best. Xuanwei desert is famous for its danqing.
The remnants of Kyushu, 100 counties and Qin. Yue Dai, Zen master Yunting.
Wild goose gate purple plug, chicken farm Chicheng. Kunchi Jieshi, Juye Dongting.
Vast, rocky and obscure. Solve problems fundamentally in agriculture and grow good crops.
I am Xiaomi, I am Xiaomi. The tax is ripe and new, so I advise you to reward it.
Moncton Sue, the history of fish is very simple. I am very modest, very modest.
Listen to the sound, examine the reason, distinguish the appearance and the color. It's amazing, and it's only a matter of time
Save your bow and ridicule, and spoil it. Almost ashamed, Lin Hao was glad.
The two sides play it by ear, and whoever forcibly solves it will be the group. Living in leisure, silence is lonely.
Seek the past and worry about it. I am tired of playing, and I am grateful for this move.
The calendar of the canal is full of troubles, and the garden is full of troubles. Loquat is late green, and sycamore fleas are weak.
Chen Gen Committee, the fallen leaves return to their roots. You can swim alone or in the clouds.
Spend a lot of time reading and playing the market. Easy to fear, belonging to the ear wall.
Eating is delicious and moistening the intestines. Cook and slaughter when you are full, and hate chaff when you are hungry.
Relatives are old, and young and old are different. My concubine weaves in the royal style and serves in the towel and curtain room.
Ten thousand fans are round and clean, and silver candles are bright. Sleeping during the day and sleeping at night, green bamboo shoots are like beds.
String songs, booze and then a glass of wine. Correct your hands and feet and be happy and healthy.
Heirs will continue and sacrifices will be tasted. See you again, you will be afraid.
The notes are short and the answers are detailed. Dirt wants to take a bath, but heat wants to cool down.
Donkeys and mules are great. Kill the thief and escape the rebellion.
Cloth shot Liao Wan, Qin Qin Ruanxiao. On paper, you can fish.
It is good to solve disputes and benefit customs. Mao Shizhu and Gong Yanyan both laughed.
Every year, the sun rises brightly. Xuan Ji is hanging in the air, shining everywhere.
Refers to the salary repair, always auspicious. Take the lead, pitch the hall.
Put on your belt and look around. Ignorance, ignorance, etc
It's no use calling it a helper.
Translation of works
The sky is blue and black, the earth is yellow, and the universe is formed in a state of chaos and ignorance.
The sun is oblique to the right, the moon is round, and the stars are all over the boundless space.
Cold and summer cycle alternately, come and go, come and go, harvest crops in autumn and store food in winter.
Accumulate leap profits for several years and do it for one month. In leap years, the ancients used six laws and six laws to regulate yin and yang.
Clouds rise to form rain when they are cold, and dew condenses into frost when they are cold at night.
Gold is produced in Jinsha River and jade is produced in Kunlun Mountain.
The sharpest sword is called "absolutely lacking", and the most precious pearl is called "luminous".
Plums and sprouts are the most precious fruits, and mustard and ginger are the most important vegetables.
The sea is salty, the river is light, fish swim in the water and birds fly in the air.
Dragon Lord, Fire Emperor, Bird Officer and Ren Huang were all officials of ancient emperors.
Cang Xie made words, and Zuli made clothes.
Tang Yao and Yu Shun were wise and selfless, and gave their thrones to heroes and sages.
It was Zhou Wuwang, Ji Fa and King Cheng Tang who appeased the people and crusaded against the tyrant.
The wise monarch sat on the court and asked his ministers for advice on how to govern the country. He can make the world peaceful and make great achievements without blowing off dust.
They caress and sympathize with the people and make people of all ethnic groups bow to their knees.
The whole world is unified into a whole, and all people obey his rule.
Phoenix chirps happily in the bamboo forest, and white horse grazes freely on the grassland.
The benevolent policies of the holy king and the wise king have benefited every grass and tree and benefited all over the world.
People's body and skin belong to the "Big Four", and everything they say and do should conform to the "Five Permanent Principles".
I sincerely think of the kindness of my parents, and dare not destroy it.
Women should admire those women who are chaste and strict, and men should imitate those talented and moral women.
If you know that you are wrong, you must correct it. Don't give up what suits you.
Don't talk about other people's shortcomings, and don't rely on your own strengths to make progress.
If you are honest, you must stand the test and you must be generous, which is hard to estimate.
Mozi lamented that the white silk was stained with variegated colors, and the Book of Songs praised the lamb for being as white as ever.
We should admire the virtues of sages, restrain our own selfish desires and try to imitate them.
If you develop good morality, you will have a good reputation, just as if you are dignified in form and upright in appearance.
Shouts spread far in the empty valley, and the sound was clear in the spacious hall.
Disaster is the result of many evils, and wealth is the reward of charity.
A foot-long jade is not a real treasure, even a moment is worth cherishing.
Be serious and respectful when you are in charge of the monarch.
You should do your best to be filial to your parents, and you should sacrifice your life to be loyal to the monarch.
Caution is treading on thin ice, getting up early and going to bed late, waiting on parents and keeping them warm in winter and cool in summer.
Let your virtue be as fragrant as bluegrass and as lush as pine and cypress.
It can also be extended to future generations, like a flowing river, affecting the world and shining people like a clear blue lake.
Appearance and behavior should be calm and serene, words should be steady and appear calm and calm.
It is good to cultivate one's self-cultivation and pay attention to the beginning, but it is more important to do it seriously and have a good result.
This is the foundation of lifelong honor. With this foundation, there is no end to development.
After reading the book, you can be an official and exercise your powers to participate in state affairs.
Good governance that Zhou people miss. When Zhao Gong was alive, he once ruled the state affairs under Gan Tang tree. After his death, people miss singing more.
Music depends on people's status, and etiquette depends on people's status.
Up and down to live in harmony, husband and wife to echo each other, coordinated.
Accept the teacher's teaching outside and listen to the parents' teaching at home.
Treat your aunts, uncles, uncles and other elders like your own children.
Brothers should care about each other because they take their parents' blood as their branch.
Make friends with the same interests, learn from each other and encourage each other in character.
Benevolence, kindness and compassion towards people cannot be abandoned at any time and anywhere.
Integrity, justice, honesty and humility, these qualities, even in the poorest times.
Keep your heart quiet and calm, your mood will be comfortable, your heart will be moved by foreign things, and your spirit will be tired and sleepy.
If you keep your nature good, your wishes will be satisfied, and if you pursue material enjoyment, your kindness will change.
Firmly maintain an elegant sentiment, and a good position naturally belongs to you.
The ancient capital of China is magnificent, including Tokyo, Luoyang, Xijing and Chang 'an.
Luoyang faces Mangshan Mountain in the north, facing Luoshui, and Chang 'an is separated from Weihe River in the north, far from Jinghe River.
The palace is full of twists and turns, and the balcony palace is flying in the air, which makes people feel scared.
Birds and beasts are painted in the palace, as well as immortals.
The side halls on both sides of the main hall open from the side, and the luxurious tabernacle faces upward.
Blowing sheng is full of exultation, feasting in the palace and playing the piano.
Officials went up and down the steps to toast each other, and the beads turned like stars in the sky.
On the right leads to the Guangnei Hall where books are collected, and on the left is the Chengming Hall where courtiers rest.
There are many classics here, and there are also a group of talented people who are both civil and military.
There are manuscripts of cursive script and original official script of Zhong You, lacquered books unearthed from the tomb of King Wei Anli in Jixian County, and ancient books found by King in the wall of Confucius Temple in Qufu.
Gong Tuohui wants to line up in two rows in turn, with doctors or officials outside the palace standing in the middle of the road.
Each of them has fiefs in more than eight counties, and thousands of guards are armed.
Officials wearing high hats accompanied the emperor on trips, driving horses and chariots and waving hats. That's great.
Their children and grandchildren have been paid for generations and are extravagant and rich. When they go out, they are good and fat, and they are proud of the spring breeze.
The court also recorded their merits in detail, carved them on stone tablets and handed them down to future generations.
Zhou Wuwang met Lu merchants in Panxi, and was honored as "King Taigong". Yi Yin assisted in current affairs, and King Shang Tang named him "Ah Heng".
Zhou Chengwang occupied Qufu, an ancient country. If it weren't for Zhou Gongdan's assistant government, it wouldn't be possible.
Qi Huangong's efforts to clean up the vassals in the world were all under the banner of "helping the weak" and "saving the nation".
When Emperor Hui of Han Dynasty was a prince, it was only in Qili that he was saved from being deposed. Wu Ding, the king of Shang Dynasty, got the legend of a saint.
The diligence and prudence of talented people have won their positions for officials.
Has been, control, Zhao, Wei trapped in Lian Heng.
The state of Jin destroyed the state of Guo by the way of Yu, and convened the blood alliance of governors in the practice of soil.
Xiao He obeyed the simple laws of Emperor Gaozu, and Han Fei died tragically under the harsh laws he advocated.
Qin generals Tian Lei and Wang Jian, Zhao generals Lian Po and Li Mu are the best at fighting.
Their fame spread far and wide to the desert in the north, and their fame and portraits will be passed down in history forever.
Within Kyushu, Dayu left traces of water control, and all counties in the country were unified after Qin merged with six countries.
The Five Mountains revere Mount Tai, and emperors of past dynasties presided over Zen ceremonies in Yunshan and Tingshan.
There is the Wild Goose Gate in northern Xinjiang in the famous pass, the Great Wall in Wan Li in the fortress, a chicken farm beside the post station, and Tiantai Chicheng in the strange mountain.
Enjoy the Dianchi Lake in Kunming, the sea near Jieshi in Hebei, Juye in Shandong and Dongting Lake in Hunan.
China is a vast country with a vast population, and there is no poverty. Famous mountains and strange valleys are deep and beautiful, with a myriad of weather.
Taking agriculture as the foundation of governing the country, we must sow well and reap well.
It's time to start a year of farm work, planting millet and yellow rice.
In the harvest season, the newly matured new grain is used to pay taxes and grow grain. Those that are well planted will be commended and rewarded, and those that are not well planted will be punished.
Mencius advocated simplicity, while historian Yuzi was straightforward.
To be a man, we must be diligent and modest, be cautious, and know how to advise and warn ourselves.
Listen to people and find out the truth. Look at people's appearance and mood.
We should leave people with correct and wise opinions or suggestions and encourage others to be cautious and cautious in life.
When you hear sarcastic warnings from others, you should reflect on yourself and be favored by others. Don't get carried away and fight against power.
If you know that dangerous and shameful things are about to happen, you can live in seclusion in the mountains and avoid disaster.
In the Han Dynasty, uncles retired by accident. Who forced them to resign from their posts?
Living away from you alone and not wasting your breath all day is not good for quietism.
Exploring the ancient things of the ancients and reading some wise sayings can get rid of distractions and set your mind at ease.
Easy things are put together, laborious things are put aside, endless troubles are eliminated, and infinite happiness is obtained.
How brightly the lotus flowers in the pond are blooming and the grass in the garden is sprouting.
Loquat leaves are still green in winter, and plane leaves will wither in autumn.
The old roots are winding and the fallen leaves are floating around in the autumn wind.
Only Kun Peng, who traveled far away, soared independently and went straight to the clouds covered with rosy clouds.
During the Han Dynasty, Wang Chong was addicted to reading in the city, and his eyes were all on his schoolbag and books.
Get off lightly, pay attention to the danger, and guard against the wall.
The usual meals should be suitable for the taste and make people full.
When you are full, you are naturally satisfied with big fish and big meat, and when you are hungry, you are satisfied with simple food.
Relatives and friends should be hospitable when they meet, and the food for the elderly and children should be different from their own.
Concubines and handmaids should manage the housework well, and be respectful and wholeheartedly to their masters.
The round silk fan is white and elegant, and the white candle is bright and brilliant.
Take a nap during the day and sleep at night. There are bamboo mats made of green bamboo and beds carved with ivory screens.
Play music, sing songs, set wine and hold a banquet, raise a glass and drink.
I can't help dancing. I'm really happy and healthy.
From generation to generation, the four seasons sacrifice can't be slack.
Kneel and kowtow, bow down and worship, be considerate and respectful, sad and pious.
Letters to people should be concise and to the point, and answers to other people's questions should be careful and thorough.
I want to take a bath when I get dirty. If you hold something hot, you hope it will have wind to cool it.
When there is a disaster at home, even donkeys, mules and animals of all sizes will be frightened, jumping around and running around.
The government killed the thief and arrested the rebels and fugitives.
Lu Bu is good at archery, Yi Liao is good at playing with projectiles, Ji Kang is good at playing the piano, and Ruan Ji is good at whistling.
Meng Tian invented the writing brush, Cai Lun invented papermaking, Ma Jun invented the waterwheel, and Ren Gong was good at fishing.
They are either good at solving disputes for people or good at inventing and creating things that are beneficial to society. These are all very clever.
And is beautiful, even if they frown, they look like beautiful smiles.
Youth is fleeting, and years make people old in a hurry. Only the sun shines forever.
The hanging Beidou rotates with the change of seasons, and the bright moonlight shines all over the world.
How beautiful it is to conform to nature, and Xiu De will always be blessed and safe.
With such a calm mind, you can strut as solemnly as in a sacred temple.
Dress neatly and dignified, behave calmly and have a great vision.
These truths will not be understood if you are ignorant, and you can only live as empty as an ignorant person, which makes people laugh.
When it comes to auxiliary words in ancient books, they are "Yan", "Being", "Hu" and "Ye".
works appreciation
Shuo Wen Jie Zi, edited by Wang and annotated by Sun, divides Shuo Wen Jie Zi into four parts, which are called "four chapters".
From the first sentence "Heaven and Earth are mysterious and yellow" to the thirty-sixth sentence "Lai Yu" as the first part;
The second part begins with the 37th sentence "covering the body hair" and ends with the 102 sentence "a good knight is complacent".
The third part is from the sentence 103 "Du Yi Huaxia" to the sentence 162 "Cave".
The fourth part is from the sentence 163 "cure the problems in agriculture" to the sentence 248 "ignorance".
Finally, there are two sentences that have no special meaning, that is, "it's really a pity that the predicate helper", so they are listed separately.
The first part of "Thousand Characters" begins with the creation of heaven and earth. With heaven and earth, there will be changes in the sun, moon, stars, clouds, rain, frost and fog and the four seasons of cold and heat; There will be jade, iron (sword), treasures, melons and fruits, vegetables, rivers and lakes, birds and fish; People and times have also changed between heaven and earth. Here, Qian Wen Zi tells about the early history of mankind and the performance of Shang Tang and Zhou Wuwang in their heyday, that is, "sitting in front of the court and asking questions, hanging down the arch and laying a flat seal" as mentioned in the article loves Li Shou, and I will be rich and strong. Distance brings guests to the king. Ming-feng is eating the fields with the white pony in the tree. It depends on ten thousand parties to turn hostilities into friendship. "
The second part focuses on the cultivation standards and principles of Qian narrator, that is, cultivation time. It is pointed out that people should be filial to their parents, cherish the body handed down by their parents, "respect and bow, not dare to harm others", "know what they do, and change it", keep your word, keep innocence, and establish a good image and reputation. This is the meaning of the following four sentences: "Tears touch silk, poetry praises the lamb". Then, the article expounds loyalty, filial piety and people's etiquette, making friends and loyalty in depth.
The third part of Qian Zi Wen tells all aspects related to the rules. This chapter begins with the saying that the capital wins, trying to describe the magnificence of the capital. "The palace is gloomy and the scenery of the building is amazing." Beijing is rich in classics and talented people, which is the second meaning of the third part, focusing on the luxurious life of the upper class and their literary martial arts. Finally, this part describes the vast territory of the country and the beauty of the scenery: "Kyushu is rich in ruins, with hundreds of counties and Qin ... vast, surrounded by rocks."
The fourth part of Qian mainly describes the desolate rural life, praises those people who are willing to be lonely and not fettered by fame and fortune, and yearns for the warm human feelings of the people. Wang He-sun's A Thousand-Character Interpretation thinks that this part is about "the way a gentleman manages his family", which has some truth, but it seems far-fetched, so it is not adopted.
"Thousand-character text" melts all kinds of knowledge in one furnace, running through unified thought, clear context and language training. Its advantages were later absorbed by Saint Amethyst.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhou Xingsi, Chen Junxiang (now shenqiu county, Henan), died in Liang Wudi for two years. I am familiar with the world. I am knowledgeable and good at writing. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Bai An became the Minister of Fuzheng. Every time the emperor gave orders, he promoted his heirs to literary works, such as bronze inscriptions, inscriptions on Menchi and Wei Wen, and the second rhyme was Wang Xizhi's thousand words. Cheer every time you play. The official finally gave the matter. Xing Si wrote 100 volumes of Records of the Emperor, Records of the Emperor, Notes on Gathering, Official Documents, etc. And ten volumes of collected works, such as Liang Shu and A Record of the Two Tang Dynasties. However, the most widely circulated and oldest is the thousand-character script.