Tang Dynasty: Du Fu
It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening.
Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight.
Two men who were young not long ago now have gray temples.
It shocked us to find that half of our friends had died, which made us sad.
We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again.
You were unmarried when I left, but now these boys and girls are in a row.
They were very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip.
They brought me wine and vegetables before they could answer questions. (Driving children to work: children)
Spring chives are cut in the night rain, and brown rice is cooked fresh in a special way.
My host announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups.
But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. .
The mountains will separate us tomorrow. Who can say for sure after tomorrow? .
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Translation and annotation
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Life can't always be separated, just like the stars in the west and the stars in the east.
What day is it tonight, and I am so lucky to tell you the truth?
How many youthful and energetic years can there be? In a blink of an eye, you and I have cleared the air.
Most of my former friends have passed away, so I have to sigh repeatedly.
I didn't expect to have a chance to visit again after twenty years' absence.
You didn't get married and start a family when you broke up, and suddenly your children have become a mess.
They greeted their father's best friend with a polite smile and enthusiastically asked me where I came from.
Before you could tell all the past, you urged your children to set the table and drinks quickly.
In the rain at night, I cut fresh leeks and served me freshly cooked yellow rice to taste.
You said it was rare to meet, and you drank a dozen cups in a row.
It's rare for me to get drunk after drinking more than a dozen glasses of wine. Thank you for your kindness to your old friend.
Leave tomorrow, and Qian Shan will be separated by thousands of waters. The wide world is really sad.
To annotate ...
Wei Ba Chu Shi: Name and life are impossible. Chu Shi: refers to people who live in seclusion and are not officials; Eight is Chu Shi's ranking.
Move like this: It means to move like this. Quotient (shēn), two-star name. The allusion comes from the left: "There were two sons in the family, and Bo was called Bo, which was really heavy. Living in the vast forest, they can't compete with each other. Find a war to conquer every day. The Empress did not hide and moved to Shangqiu. Chen was the main cause and Shang was the cause, so Chen was the Shang star. I moved to summer, and I was the main participant. Tang people are the cause of serving the Xia and Shang Dynasties. " ShangXing lives in the east (5 am to 7 am) and Shen Xing lives in the west (5 pm to 7 pm), so they never meet, so they think it's better than that.
Pale, gray.
The phrase "visiting the old" means asking about old friends and relatives, but half of them are dead. Visit the past and make a "visit".
"exclaim" sentence: There are two kinds of understandings. One is: it makes people feel warm to see an old friend exclaim; Second, accidental death makes people scream and scream until they are agitated. Exclaimed, a "cry".
Háng: Many children.
Father's insistence: The word in Book of Rites Quli says: "See the father's insistence." It means father's friend. Peng is a borrowing word to pick up, and picking up a friend is a close friend.
Not finished: I wrote "not finished", not finished.
Drive away children: one is "children". Rolfe: List food and wine.
"Rain at Night" sentence: It tells the story of Guo cutting leeks in the rain to entertain his friend Fan Kui. Zong Lin made his bed, and his friend Fan Kui came in the evening. He cut leeks in the rain and made soup cakes for him.
Between: read the meaning of sound mixing. Huang Liang: Yellow rice. The newly cooked rice is just cooked fresh rice.
Master: Master, it is Wei Ba. Weighing means. Cao Zhi said, "The Lord calls it chitose."
Tired: One after another.
Deliberately long: old friends have deep friendship.
Mountain: refers to Huashan Mountain in Xiyue. We are going to break up tomorrow.
World: including society and individuals.
Two boundless: it means that after breaking up tomorrow, we don't know each other's fate. Meeting is extremely difficult, just to see the joy of meeting at night. At this time, the chaos has not yet been determined, so Du Fu has this feeling. ▲
Useful, useless, perfect
References:
1, Patten et al. Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty (I). Shanghai: Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986: 5 102, Xiao Difei. Notes on Du Fu's Selected Poems. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1998: 99- 106544.
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This poem was written by an old friend who met after a long separation, and it is full of familiar scenes and words. It shows the feeling of "vicissitudes" and "don't be easy, it will be difficult" that ordinary people have in troubled times. At the same time, it is very vivid and natural, so it has always been loved by people.
"It's almost difficult to meet friends, because the morning star and the evening star. Tonight is a rare event, * * * This lamp is candlelight. "The first four sentences say that the journey of life is often difficult to meet after parting, just like the stars are really difficult to meet. What's the auspicious day tonight? Let's talk by candlelight. These words, from parting to meeting, are also the intersection of sadness and joy, bringing a strong sense of life into the poem. When the poet reunited with Wei Ba, the Anshi Rebellion had lasted for more than three years. Although both capitals have been recovered, the rebels are still rampant and the situation is turbulent. The poet's lament masked his feelings for this chaotic era.
"Two people who were young not long ago, but now their temples are gray. It shocked us to find that half of our friends were dead, which made us sad. " What these four sentences mean is, how many youthful years can there be? In an instant, you and I have cleared the air. Half of my old friends have passed away, and I have to lament repeatedly because of my inner agitation.
After a long separation, the change of each other's appearance naturally attracts the most attention. Both of them were very young when they left, and now they are all dusty. From How Long Can I Live, I feel sorry and afraid of the rapid changes in the world and life. Then ask each other about the ancient whereabouts of relatives and friends, but half of them are no longer alive, and each other can't help but exclaim and feel restless. Supposedly, Du Fu was only 48 years old this year. Why did half his relatives die? If the beginning "it is almost as difficult for friends to meet" has vaguely revealed the breath of the times, then half of such relatives and friends have died, which more strongly implies a great war of separation.
"We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again." I didn't expect that we could visit your hall today after 20 years of separation. After the sentence "How do you know" followed by "Tonight is a rare thing, this candle", the poet deliberately used rhetorical questions, which included the feeling that each other could unexpectedly live to this day. There is neither liberation from survival nor deep pain.
The first ten sentences are mainly lyric. Then turn to narrative, which has nothing to do with human feelings everywhere.
"When I left, you were still unmarried, but now these boys and girls are lined up. Very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. " These two sentences mean that you didn't get married and start a family when you broke up, and suddenly your children became a group. With the passage of twenty years, this time, there was a scene of children walking in rows. Of course, there are also people who suddenly sigh that dusk has arrived.
"They were very kind to my father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. It's not enough to ask and answer. They brought me wine and vegetables. " These four sentences mean that they politely greet my father's old friends and ask me where I come from. Before you could tell all the past, you urged your children to set the table and drinks quickly.
These four sentences describe the manners, kindness and loveliness of children in Wei Ba. The poet writes leisurely, and his works always reveal sincere and touching friendship. After "they asked me where I went on the trip", we could write some scenes of bumpy roads, but the poet only used the word "then, when we talked for a while" lightly, which showed wonderful cutting and refining.
"Spring leeks are cut in the night rain, and brown rice is freshly cooked in a special way." I braved the rainy night to cut fresh leeks and presented newly cooked yellow rice for me to taste. This shows Chu Shi's hospitality: wine is good wine that my son left immediately, vegetables are spring leeks cut in the rain at night, and rice is delicious rice mixed with yellow rice. This is naturally a home-cooked dish, reflecting the simple friendship between old friends.
"My master announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups. But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. The meaning of these four sentences is that the host regrets that the opportunity to meet each other is too rare, and he drank more than a dozen cups in a row. I've had more than ten drinks, but I'm still not drunk. I was moved by your deep affection for your old friend.
These four sentences, the host and guest drink, meet old friends and talk about the past. Instead of drinking carefully, they drank ten glasses of wine in a row, which is a sign of their host's inner anxiety. The master is still like this, and Du Fu's excitement is of course self-evident. "Just like I have always loved you in my heart?" Sum up the past and present feelings, always sum up the above.
"The mountains will separate us tomorrow, and after tomorrow-who can say? The last two sentences mean that after leaving tomorrow, Qianshan is far away, and the world is really sad. The last two sentences respond to the beginning, "it is difficult for friends to meet each other like the stars in the morning and evening", implying the difference between tomorrow and the past: the difference between the past and the present is that we are lucky to resume the meeting; Tomorrow's departure, what year will it be? The waist and back are deep, graceful and intriguing.
The poet visited his old friend in turbulent times and turbulent journey. The reunion of old friends who have been separated for 20 years has undergone great changes, and it is particularly unusual to meet for a short time. As a result, the light in front of us has become a beautiful corner that survived in a chaotic environment; That night, it became the only moment in troubled times with a peaceful and quiet atmosphere; Among them, the beauty of human feelings is more brilliant than the disturbed war. "Tonight is a rare event, * * * this candle", pushed far away by the war, seems like a peaceful life before Shangbeizi, and seems to catch my eye at once. It is conceivable that candlelight is harmonious, emitting the fragrance of yellow pipes and spring leeks, and catching up with old friends is worth cherishing and cherishing for poets who have suffered from troubled times. The poet's description of tonight's events just reveals the beauty of life and the preciousness of human feelings, and makes readers feel how it is in line with people's feelings and wishes to end this war.
This poem is simple and true, with orderly levels. Poets only write with their own feelings and have a strong atmosphere. Different from most of Du Fu's ancient poems characterized by depression and frustration, it is closer to the simple ancient poems of Han and Wei Dynasties and the creation of Tao Yuanming. However, its emotional connotation is richer and more complicated than that of Han and Wei ancient poems, and it has the unique emotional waves in Du Fu's poems, such as overlapping waves, which spread inside the works and are an internal depression and frustration.
When friends who write poems meet, they begin with the lament that "it is almost as difficult for friends to meet", so when they turn to "tonight is followed by a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight", it is particularly wonderful. However, we don't express our joy because we met, but follow "two young men not long ago" to "shock us and burn our hearts with grief", and our feelings tend to be depressed. In the middle part of the poem, the hospitality of the banquet diluted the sadness of the world and brought happiness to the poet. However, the words to persuade wine are "my host announced that this is a festival", which brings the feeling of leaving chaos. The poem begins with "It's almost as difficult for friends to meet" and begins with "After tomorrow-who can say for sure?" This is boundless, putting the warmth of a night on the desolate emotional tone. These are all manifestations of the inner gloom of poetry. If we compare this poem with Meng Haoran's Crossing the Old People's Village, we can find that both of them also show the simple and profound friendship of the old people, but because of the different atmosphere of the times, the poet's feelings and writing style are very different. Meng Haoran's mood is calm and cheerful, and even his writing style is faint. Du Fu, on the other hand, is both sad and happy, with deep emotional waves in his heart. Therefore, it is reflected in the fact that although his writing is natural and simple, it is still extremely depressed.