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Printing is one of the inventions of working people in ancient China. The rubbings invented during the period of Emperor Wudi of the Eastern Han Dynasty were the earliest printing technology. Engraving printing technology invented in the Tang Dynasty was widely used in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. Movable type printing technology was invented by Song Renzong Bi Sheng, which marked the birth of movable type printing. He was the first inventor in the world, about 400 years before Johannes Gutenberg invented movable type printing.
Printing is the forerunner of modern human civilization, which creates conditions for the wide spread and exchange of knowledge. Printing first spread to Korea, Japan, Central Asia, West Asia and Europe.
Eastern Han rubbings
Before the invention of block printing, there was an older printing method called rubbing. Important ancient records are carved on stones. Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty once carved seven classic normative texts, such as The Analects of Confucius, The Spring and Autumn Annals and The Book of Changes, on forty-six stone tablets, standing outside Luoyang Imperial College. This has caused thousands of people to copy every day, blocking business. So some people invented using paper and ink to print inscriptions for people to see without copying them.
The invention of printing is to meet the requirements of mass reproduction and wide dissemination of words and pictures. Judging from the printing history of our country, rubbings preceded woodblock printing. When woodblock printing, which is light, labor-saving and easy to operate, appeared, rubbings served calligraphy and archaeology more, and no longer had printing significance.
relief printing
Letterpress printing has the longest history and is the most popular. The protruding parts of layout images and characters accept ink, while the recessed parts do not accept ink. When the printing plate is pressed against the paper, the ink will be printed on the paper. Printing materials mainly include movable type, lead plate, zinc plate, copper plate and photosensitive resin plate. Some books, bills, envelopes, business cards, etc. Still printed in relief; Relief printing is generally used for special processing, such as hot stamping, hot silver stamping, embossing and so on.
offset
This is the most common and widely used printing method today. Image and non-image are on the same plane. Based on the principle that water and ink repel each other, the graphic part accepts ink but not water, and the non-graphic part is the opposite. In the printing process, indirect method is adopted. First, the image is printed on the rubber drum, and the image and text are changed from positive to negative, and then the image and text on the rubber drum are transferred to paper. This printing method can be used for picture books, picture advertising samples, calendars, etc.