Second book
1, Garden: The place where trees are planted is called a garden, and the place where vegetables are planted is called a vegetable garden. Inclined garden (orchard)
2. Ancient pronunciation borrowing: the common use and borrowing of words with the same sound or near sound in ancient Chinese written language.
3. There are two kinds of loanwords: 1, which is a loanword without its own words; 2, this has its own words.
4. Annotation of ancient books began in Han Dynasty.
5. A new interpretation appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The author not only explains the text, but also notes the previous comments, which is called sparseness or righteousness.
6. Collection or annotation: an important ancient Chinese, which is annotated by many people. Later generations combined the annotations of each family with their own annotations. Example:
Notes on the Analects of Confucius.
7. Jude: When using this predicate, the interpreter and the interpreted are often synonymous or have similar ideas.
8, word, word: when using these two predicates, we must carry out "sound training", in addition to explanation, the relationship between the interpreter and the interpreted person is homophonic, and
It's a disyllabic relationship. For example, The Analects of Confucius and The Analects of Confucius Governing the Country.
9. There are often different readings in ancient books. Sometimes, different pronunciations only show different tones, and different pronunciations often indicate different parts of speech. For example: sound
Music "music" and happiness "music".
10, the method of changing the pronunciation of words in ancient books to express different meanings and parts of speech is called broken reading.
1 1,: short for "Yan", also known as "Yan", this word is used to indicate the phenomenon of too many words in ancient books.
12, Tuowen: the abbreviation of Tuo, also called Tuozi, which is used in ancient books to indicate the loss of words.
Book three
1, central official system: three provinces: Zhongshu province; Shangshu province; Six provinces under the door: the official department; Household department; Ministry of rites; Ministry of war; Star part; Ministry of Industry in Feudal Period of China
2. During the imperial examination in Song Shenzong in the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi suggested abolishing the Ming Classics and other subjects, only retaining the Jinshi subject, and not taking the examination of poetry and fu.
3. The official imperial examination is divided into three grades: 1, after the provincial examination; 2, will try; 3, the court exam
Wu Zetian's martial arts began in the Tang Dynasty and was later used by the Qing Dynasty.
5.No. is an alias, which is a personal address other than name, alias, font size, nickname, posthumous title, year number and temple number.
6. The feudal emperor had a temple number in front of posthumous title, such as Taizu; Gaozu; Sai-jo
7. Taboo: The so-called taboo refers to words that do not directly address the monarch or the elders with the same surname, so we avoid them by changing words and lacking pens, which often leads to language ambiguity.
Create chaos.
8, the classification of taboo:
(1) Starting from the hierarchical structure, avoid the same tree. (avoid the taboo of the monarch, avoid the taboo of the relatives)
(2) From the perspective of stating beliefs, it is good to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages.
(3) Starting from civilized manners, elegance avoids vulgarity.
Common taboo methods:
(1) This word method (change a word)
(2) Blank word method (deliberately leaving blank without writing)
(3) Lack of brushwork (deliberately not writing brushwork)
9. Mourning: It is a mourning system. Mourning is divided into five grades (five clothes): tailoring, uniform, meritorious service, minor service and numbness.
10, reading ancient books error reason:
(1) Different meanings, unclear meanings, insufficient knowledge of classical culture and ignorance of publishing.
(2) The grammar is unknown.
(3) The phonology is unknown.
1 1, six procedures of ancient marriage: 1), winning the lottery; 2) ask the name; 3) Najib; 4) collection; 5) date of invitation; 6) Welcome.
Book four
1, Fu Evolution:
(1), Ancient Fu: Also known as Ci Fu, the length of the Han Dynasty is generally long, with questions and answers, rhymes and prose mixed.
② Six Dynasties Fu is a kind of parallel prose, also called parallel prose. Its characteristics are: making good use of allusions with obvious poetic tendency. Allusions are another feature that distinguishes Six Dynasties Fu from Han Fu.
(3) Law Fu: a trial Fu used in the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty. Features: the examiner put forward a proposition, showing eight rhymes and setting eight rhymes, so,