Xinxing dialect
Xinxing dialect belongs to Cantonese, which is the common language of Xinxing County, and its daily population accounts for more than 90% of the county's population. The formation of emerging dialects has roughly experienced three historical periods. First, the entry of Han immigrants in Qin and Han dynasties brought the "elegant language" of the Central Plains into new areas. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), Qin Jun occupied Baiyue. It turned out that fugitives from the six countries, as well as their husbands and wives, moved to Lingnan to "farm". "Ken" is the first batch of Han immigrants in history. Qin set up Nanhai, Guilin and three counties in Lingnan. At that time, Xinxing District belonged to Nanhai County. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Western Han Dynasty (BC11), there were county-level settings in emerging areas, and in the seventh year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (35 1), there were county-level settings. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, "Eight Kings Rebellion" occurred in the Central Plains, followed by "Five Wild Flowers". A large number of Han people in the Central Plains moved south, and the number of emerging Han people began to increase. A new dialect based on "Yayu" in the Central Plains has formed and become the dominant language in the region. Second, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, Xinxing became the main place for the imperial court to demote officials and exile. In the 14th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, the First Draft of Guangdong Tongzhi listed that 22 celebrities lived in Zhaoqing during the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhaoqing Prefecture governed Xinxing County, etc. 12 counties and one state. Among these 22 people, there are 14 people living in Xinxing County, including 5 people at the level of prime minister. During their residence in Xinxing County, they set up schools and spread the culture of the Central Plains. The Mandarin they speak has a certain influence on the emerging dialects. Third, from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, there were large-scale Han immigrants. At present, most ethnic groups in Xinxing County have entered the emerging areas from Nanxiong Zhuji Lane via the Pearl River Delta. These immigrants, after living in the Pearl River Delta for a period of time, entered the emerging dialect, which made the emerging dialect more or less influenced by the language of the original place of residence. In the division of Cantonese, some scholars classify Xinxing County as "the peripheral or remote area of the Pearl River or Xijiang River basin", which is basically consistent with Guangzhou dialect in pronunciation and vocabulary. Talk to Guangzhou people and communicate directly. "
The geographical location of Xinxing County is very special: it belongs to the high school of Guangdong film (Guangfu film) and Foshan is in the northeast; To the east and southeast are Heshan (Heshan Yayao belongs to Siyi), Kaiping and Enping; In the southwest is Yangchun, which belongs to "Yang Sequin" or "Gao Lian Film"; To the northwest and north are Yun 'an County and Yuncheng District, both under the jurisdiction of Yunfu City. Passing through Yun 'an County and Yuncheng District to the north and northwest are Yun 'an, Luoding and Deqing, which belong to "Goulou Pian". Xinxing County is a transitional zone bordering several large Cantonese-speaking areas. The characteristics of geographical location are often closely related to the characteristics of dialects. Xinxing County is located at the junction of several major Cantonese dialect areas, and naturally becomes a dialect point connecting the characteristics of East, West, North and South. The grammar of emerging dialects has some characteristics, that is, the mixture of East (Cantonese), West (Gao Lian) and South (Siyi). Compared with Guangzhou dialect, Xinxing dialect retains the characteristics of "elegant language" of ancient Han nationality. Emerging dialects vary from town to town in the county, forming several regions. County Dialect: Xincheng, Chegang Town, Taiping Town, Integration Town, East Cheng Zhen, Dajiang Town, Bamu Town, Liang Dong Village and Lidongwei. Rencun dialect: south of Rencun town. Shuitai dialect: Shuitai Town. Wudong dialect: south of Lidong town. Paradise Dialect: Near Paradise Town and Hetou Old Street.
Hu Hua
From the Tang Dynasty War to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, a large number of Han people went to Guangdong through Hengpu Road or the passage from Gannan to Shibi, Fujian, Meizhou, Huizhou or Guangdong, which was the way for Hakkas to migrate. After a long period of migration, the language they spoke slowly developed into a dialect-Hakka dialect. Because of Hakka's orthodox consciousness, the language has remained stable, which is neither influenced by the evolution trend of Chinese in the Central Plains since Jin and Yuan Dynasties, nor easily assimilated by Cantonese. The Hakkas in Xinxing County are immigrants from Meizhou. Neihetou Town and Luozhu Town, the county towns, are relatively concentrated areas of Hakkas, and there are also Hakkas living in Shuitai Town, Chegang Town, Taiping Town and Paradise Town. By 2000, there were more than 30,000 Hakkas in the county, accounting for 7% of the county's total population, distributed in 140 natural villages. They speak "Hakka dialect" with Meicheng accent in Meizhou City (Meijiang District and Meixian District) in daily communication and "emerging dialect" in foreign communication. (1) drama
On the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were more than 20 amateur Cantonese opera classes composed of farmers in Shuidong, Rencun, Dawen, Shefeng, Batang, Bitang, Bumao, Pengshan and other villages in the county, performing Cantonese opera in ancient costumes for the masses. In folk festivals, Cantonese opera classes are responsible for playing eight tones and singing Cantonese songs. Among them, the "Lian Chaoqun" octave class on the east bank of Shuidong has the best sound art, which is called the first class in the county.
1956, there were more than 70 amateur Cantonese opera troupes in the county, with performances such as White-haired Girl and Wang Xiuluan. 1958 to 1977, organized county-wide performances and exhibitions *** 13 times, 66 teams * * * 3,580 people participated, and performed 477 programs such as Cantonese Opera, Song and Dance and Quyi. It also organized amateur authors to create more than 70 programs/kloc-0, such as Cantonese opera, one-act drama, drama and Allegro, and carried out mass self-editing and self-acting activities. By the end of 1985, * * had created all kinds of repertoires 185, and various amateur troupes and performance teams * * * had performed 5 18 Cantonese opera, song and dance and folk art programs.
(2) Dance
Lion Dance: Every village in the county has a tradition of setting up a museum to learn martial arts. Lion Dance is attached to the museum. Perform lion dance stunts such as "lion comes out of the hole", "lion rolls the ball" and "lion picks the green" on festive days such as Spring Festival and National Day (see Chapter 43 of this magazine for details).
Dragon dance: a folk dragon dance, which is regarded by the masses as a symbol of good fortune and wealth. The east bank of the county water is good at making fire dragons, while people in Cangxia of Chengguan Town and Liang Dong of Bamu Town are good at making golden dragons and dancing dragons. After 1979, there will be performances on National Day and Spring Festival.
Dance: 14 (1925) After the opening of Yude Girls' Primary School in Xinxing County, a dance teacher was hired from Guangzhou to return to the county to teach students dance, participate in various gatherings in the county and perform dances by children such as Angel of the Vineyard. After 1970, in order to develop children's intelligence and discover artistic seedlings, county cultural centers often hold experimental classes and dance training classes for children.
③ Music
People in emerging places have the habit of singing folk songs. This legend originated in Liu Sanmei. "Records of Zhaoqing in Qing Dynasty" records: "Liu Sanmei was born in Tang Zhongzong. At the age of twelve, he was good at singing and dancing, and he swam between the points of Guangdong and Guangxi. Solve all kinds of barbarians and sing with a teenager in Baihe Township. People look around for seven days and nights, singing endlessly and turning into stones. "
There are many kinds of emerging folk songs, including county folk songs, paradise folk songs, bride songs, whispering songs, jumping off buildings, picking tea, blind public tunes, weeping songs and so on. Folk songs have a long history, strong flavor of life, fluent language images and tunes, and their contents mostly reflect the life of the lower class and the joys and sorrows of the people. During the Republic of China, they were widely circulated.
During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the county people's education museum gathered folk artists and students from various schools, organized singing teams, and sometimes called the masses to hold literary evenings in the county town to publicize anti-Japanese and national salvation activities with singing and folk art. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the county collected and arranged folk songs, and carried out folk songs and cultural performances throughout the county. After 1980, music activities became increasingly active. There are "children's violin classes" and "shepherd boy flute classes" in cities and towns. Some institutions, schools and factories have organized adult singing teams to enrich cultural and entertainment life.
The county cultural center collectively created some songs. Gu Jianmin's "Run, Xinxing Station" won the provincial creative award.
Excellent works of Quyi include Confessions of Li Lianchang (published in Quyi magazine sponsored by Chinese Quyi Association in August, 1982), Secretary's Garden Visit, Looking for Cows, Bitter and Sweet Talk with Li Xiang in Hand, Painter (Crosstalk), Good Hunter (Crosstalk) and Khufu. In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu of Bailutai Site (BC 196), Zhao Tuo, king of South Vietnam, came to hunt and built Bailutai. Located at the Xiangshan Mountain Pass on the east side of Yuewangdian Village (now Nantang Village), a comprehensive area 6 kilometers south of the county seat. Many people in the past dynasties paid tribute to the stone at this moment. The site covers an area of180m2. There are still fragments of Bourgois in Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty.
Yuncheng site planted bamboo for the city. In the seventh year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (35 1), it was a county government, state government, county government and warehouse prison. The official residence is outside the city, and the current location is Zhongshan Park. In the twentieth year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty (1 150), the governor Wang Ji made the city smaller and expanded to the south of the city 1 Li, and the east, west, north and south were half Li. At the same time, bamboo is planted all over the soil foundation, with a city wall of 65,438+0,484 feet. In the seventh year of tomorrow (1, 463), the magistrate Dong Yu built a 649-foot brick city in Tucheng, and later built it many times. In the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1), the city site was demolished and the ring road was rebuilt, with a total length of 223 1 meter. Today, there are two banyan trees planted 500 years ago in Zhongshan Park, and there are two red sand lions in Ming Dynasty at the gate, both of which are relics of the county official's son.
In the seventh year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (35 1), the site of Shandie County was established. It was abolished in the first year of Tang Tianbao (742). The territory of the county government is in Shandie Village, Dongcheng District. The wall of Shangliu South Gate Tower has two sections, each with a length of14.5m and a width of1.6m. It is made of three rows, one horizontal and seven layers of bricks, with a length of 32cm, a width of15cm and a thickness of 6.5cm. It is pink yellow and belongs to the Tang Dynasty.
In the fourth year (523), Jia Xinning County, Thoreau County. It was abolished in the first year of Tang Dynasty (758). County governance site is located at the foot of Lailongshan Mountain in the south of Xialu Village in the southern integration area of the county, which runs from southwest to northeast and is surrounded by the extension of Lailongshan Mountain on both sides. The terrain of the construction site is slightly higher than that of Lucun this summer. The old county is built on the mountain, and the trench has no defense facilities, covering an area of 8004 square meters. During the general survey of 1984, squares, grayish white and heavy tiles of the Tang Dynasty were collected at this site.
Wenjing Site is located beside the paddy field at the foot of Jingliaogang (in front of Zhou Bei Primary School) in the northwest suburb of the county. The history of Wang Ming Dayong's "Wen Jing Ji" says that "spring water is sweet and bitter, and when it overflows, it is auspicious." It's out of date now.
The Ming kiln site is located at the foot of Guantian Mountain in the south of the county 1.5km. There are more than 10 sites. The kiln site is 2m deep and 1.5m high, and each kiln has a capacity of 300 ~ 400 bricks. It was the kiln site for firing county wall bricks in the Ming Dynasty.
Guanyinshan Site Guanyinshan is located in the northern suburb of the county seat, formerly known as Laid-off. Because there is Kannonji under the post, it is commonly known as "Guanyin Mountain". The post is more than 40 meters high, protruding from the east gate of the river and standing shoulder to shoulder with the giant floating mountain on the other side, which is the county gate. There are 100 stone steps in Lower Kannonji to the west of Ganggang, which leads directly to Zitong Temple in Ding Gang, Wenchang Pavilion and Honggong Temple to the east. Zhangshu, a long pine tree in the mountains, is lush and lush, and the east slope is close to the river. It was the planting place for students' Arbor Day in the Republic of China. There is a levee "Zitongwei" in the south, which leads directly to the urban area, and the Dongmen River, which passes through the mountain, has "Xiashanwan". Guanyin Mountain is a place for poets to visit and also a place for county residents to have an outing. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to expand the county seat and develop the economy, the hills were leveled. The site is more than 2,700 square meters, and now it is the location of county non-staple food processing factory, county rosin factory and other enterprises. Zitongwei Site Zitongwei was originally located in Shuijiekou, the county town, along Dongmen River to Guanyin Mountain. It is a river bank with a length of1.05km and a height of 5m. This is the largest dike in the county to protect the northern suburb of the county, Qiao Ting and the villages on the slope, and the rice fields in Qiaoting Cave are not flooded. Founded in the Song Dynasty, it collapsed many times in previous dynasties. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the embankment foundation was reinforced with masonry and cement, and it was changed to embankment highway on 1977.
Highland Pagoda Site Highland Pagoda, also known as Xiayuan Pagoda, was originally a three-story wooden pagoda in the Tang Dynasty. During the Song Dynasty, Tang Bangyan and Liang Jian built a 9-story brick tower, which was 15 feet high and later collapsed. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Li Yu in Nanwai restored the old appearance of a nine-story brick-wood hexagonal building, which was the highest point of the county building. 1in the winter of 948, Xinxing county government demolished the four-story tower and changed the five-story tower into a battery. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the remnant tower has been demolished. Now it is the warehouse and dormitory of county food company and county medicine company.
Zeng Shouyi's hometown Zeng Shouyi was originally from Yunfu County. Qingchuan Dong Bing Road Chongqing Magistrate. I once received an old house in Zhuyuanwo Village, Hezaikou, Hetou Town, Yunfu County (now Xinxing County), and there is still the word "Confucian Forest" on the screen wall of the ancestral hall of the second village. In the ancestral hall of Zhuwanwo, there is still an ancient wooden plaque "Guanhao" hanging on the door.