Exegetics (pronounced as "G", the same as "Gu") is a traditional discipline in China to study the meaning of ancient books, and it is a branch of traditional literature in China-primary school. Exegetics not only explains ancient meanings, but also analyzes grammatical and rhetorical phenomena in ancient books. He studies ancient documents from the perspective of language and helps people read classical documents.
The so-called "exegesis" is also called "exegesis", "exegesis", "exegesis", "explanation" and "exegesis", which explains the meaning in popular language and is called "exegesis"; Explaining ancient languages in contemporary terms is called "Yi". The combination of "exegetics" was first seen in the Book of Songs annotated by Mao Heng, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. This book is called Biography of Poetry. There are three ways to annotate ancient prose: ancient, exegetical and biographical. The combination of exegetics began with ancient books in Han Dynasty.
classify
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Exegetics can be divided into broad sense and narrow sense. In a broad sense, exegetics includes phonology and philology, while in a narrow sense, exegetics is only a discipline opposite to phonology and writing in primary school.
Some people also divide exegetics into old and new. Wang Li, a linguist, put forward in New Exegetics 1947 that "to truly become a department of linguistic history, the new exegetics must break the old concept that primary schools are vassals of Confucian classics." Zhou Dapu also said in the Outline of Exegetics that "the research object of Exegetics is word meaning and word meaning system, and his primary task is to study the law of semantic development and evolution." The new exegetics is relative to the old exegetics.
history
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Exegetics began in the pre-Qin Dynasty and basically formed in the Han Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, exegetics made great innovations. In Yuan and Ming Dynasties, exegetics declined, but in Qing Dynasty, it was the most brilliant time. Modern linguistics is adopted to develop exegetics.
research objects
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Every language in history is constantly changing, and many meanings in ancient books have changed, or grammar has changed. Historical linguists research the contemporary meanings of words in ancient books and compile annotated books for exegesis. The main research object of exegetics is the characters in ancient books before Han and Wei Dynasties. There are two kinds of exegesis books. One is to annotate an important book and explain the meaning of the whole book word by word, such as Annotations to the Analects of Confucius, Annotations to Shi Mao and Annotations to Everything is done by Han Feizi. The other is simple exegesis, which collects ancient Chinese characters and makes classified comments, such as Erya, Shuowen Jiezi and Dialect. In addition, there are books that supplement, textual research and explain exegetics books, such as Dialect Shuzheng.
research method
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The research methods of exegetics are:
Mutual training, using synonyms to explain each other, such as "old, test also"; "Take the exam, Lao Ye."
Phonetic training is explained by words with similar sounds and meanings, such as "Yi Ye Yi", which shows that this "Yi" is the meaning of "Yi" in ancient books.
Formal training, using glyphs to explain its source and significance, such as "small soil is dust", shows that the word "dust" means "small soil", and this simplified word is also produced.
Yi Xun explains the meaning of ancient words with contemporary meanings, such as "Mingming, Jinjin and Tea", which means "Mingming" and "Jinjin" means "Tea".
Anti-training, some words in ancient times have opposite meanings to those in modern times, so it is necessary to use antonyms to explain the word "chaos" and make it mean "governance" here.
Through training, explain it in a few words, such as "mediocre people, use it;" Use also, pass also; It can be seen that the word "Yong" comes from the word "Yong", but its meaning is actually the meaning of "Germany".
Exegetics (pronounced "Gu") is a traditional discipline in China to study the meaning of ancient books, and it is a branch of traditional literature in China-primary school. Exegetics not only explains ancient meanings, but also analyzes grammatical and rhetorical phenomena in ancient books. He studies ancient documents from the perspective of language and helps people read classical documents.