One is named after Changsha star. When ancient astronomers observed the astronomical phenomena, they chose a number of stars as the signs of fixed observation and founded the theory of twenty-eight nights. It is believed that there are stars in the sky, and there is a corresponding "star field" in the sky. "Historical Records of the Heavenly Palace Biography" says: "There are pillars in the sky and countries in the earth." There is a satellite called "Changsha" in the twenty-eighth hotel. According to the theory of star division, the ancients regarded Changsha as a star and thought that the place name of Changsha originated from the star name, so Changsha was also called "Star Sand". Zhang Tang's "Justice in Historical Records" said: "There is a star in the middle of Changsha, whose life is long." Clouds are growing again, and Sha Xingming said, "The Lord lives long and the son prospers." These statements adapted to the cognitive and psychological needs of people in feudal society, so the statement of Changsha's name had the greatest influence and spread most widely.
The second is named after Wan Li Shaci. Wan Li Shaci was first seen in Jin Yin's Records of Thirteen States: Han "has Wan Li Shaci, which starts from Xiangzhou in the west and ends in Wan Li in the east, so it is called Changsha." Since then, Li Jifu's "Yuanhe County Records" in the Tang Dynasty quoted Dong Fangshuo's cloud: "There is a sand shrine in Wan Li, Nanjun, from Xiangzhou to Donglaike Wan Li, so it is called Changsha." Tang Du You's "Tong Dian Tan Zhou" also said: "Wan Li has sand temples, so it is called Changsha." Therefore, the local chronicles of later generations take this as the source of Changsha's name, and explain it, thinking that Changsha had the activity of offering sacrifices to the sand god in ancient times. According to Historical Records of Xiaowu, in the spring of the second year of Yuanfeng (11), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Donglai, Shandong Province to pray for "Wan Li Sand" (there was a battlefield in Donglai Qucheng with a sand path of more than 300 miles), and Ying Shao in the Eastern Han Dynasty noted: Wan Li Sand, also a shrine. Changsha to Donglai is far from Wan Li, and people associate this matter with these two places, so there is a saying that "Changsha people, the so-called Wanli Changsha is also".
The third is named after the "sandy land". The geological structures in Changsha are mainly seasonal sandstone, gravel, siltstone and shale. After years of external force, a large number of sand and gravel have accumulated on the surface of the earth through weathering and water erosion, especially in the Xiangjiang River Basin where Changsha City is located, with large beaches and sandbars. Every dry season, these continents and beaches are exposed, showing people pieces of sand, especially the grown sand. "In ancient times, the natural environment was not polluted and destroyed, which is very striking, so many ancient books called Changsha a sand town or a land of sand. For example, Zhang, the magistrate of Changsha in the Tang Dynasty, quoted Dunga's story in the inscription of Changsha Local Style: "The land of sand is the city of Yunyang." "road history" cloud: "sand is Changsha; Yunyang is Chaling. " Another "Yuanhe County Records" said: "Jingzhou is in Gong Yu, and it was in the middle of Guizhou and the south of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Qin merged with the world, dividing Shaxiang in southern Guizhou into Changsha County and unifying Xiangchuan. "
Fourth, it is named after Changsha. Changsha Xiangjiang River land and water continent is about 5000 meters long and 100 meters wide, which is a unique geographical landscape. There are different understandings about the emergence of land and water continents. In the past, people said according to "Taiping Universe" in the Song Dynasty: "Jin Huidi Yongxing was born in this continent two years ago." It is believed that the land and water continents only appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, when sampling and analyzing the geological structure of Changsha, geologists confirmed that Shuiluzhou is a typical stratum of the first-class terrace formed in Quaternary Holocene, and its age is at least 1 10,000 years. In ancient times, the water level of Xiangjiang River was low. For example, the Nantuwan site in Changsha County excavated by 1986 is not far from the southern end of Shuiluzhou, and is located on the floodplain below Shuiluzhou. The age of the site is more than 7000 years ago, and its bottom layer is also Quaternary Holocene stratum. Therefore, the land and water continents should have appeared as early as before the Eastern Jin Dynasty, perhaps because of the fluctuation of water level, they were sometimes submerged.
Fifth, it is named after "the place where the goddess is worshipped" in Manyue language. Before the "Manyue in Nanping" in Chu State, Changsha residents belonged to the "Manyue" clan. In Manyue, dragon means altar, and sand means goddess, not sand god. "Changsha" in the full moon means "the place where the goddess is sacrificed". Zhuang and Dong people still have the custom of worshipping the goddess, and there is a saying in their idiom that "the village should be sealed first, then Changsha should be established".
After discussion by scholars in different times, the first and second theories were gradually rejected. Regarding the first theory, it is believed that the book Lv Chunqiu, which puts forward the theory that there are nine wild fields in the sky and Kyushu in the earth, records the prosperity of Zhusu and Changsha, but the book was written around 239 BC. It was not until 443 BC that the name of Baju appeared. 1 The lacquerware in Zeng Houyi's tomb has the names of 28 places and eight places. In addition, according to the fact that some stars in the Twenty-eight Hostels have appeared in the Book of Songs, their star camps can be set at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period. However, all of the above are later than the Changsha family. As the "Hua Shan County Records" said, "Stars are named after sand, and non-sand is named after stars." As for the second point, some people have long questioned it. Ming Chongzhen's "Changsha Fuzhi" said: "Tongzhi said that there is a sand shrine in Wan Li in the county, and the Japanese side (according to: the beginning) was in the season of Zhou Weilie, so there is no way to verify it." The book "Unified Record" also clearly records: "In the northeast of Laizhou Fucheng, it is 30 miles long and 300 miles sand. It is a temple in Donglai and has nothing to do with Changsha. " It doesn't matter whether there were Wan Li sand thorns in Changsha during the reign of King Wei Lie of Zhou. Not only does the narrator think it is "untestable", but the reign of King Zhou Weilie was from 425 BC to 402 BC, which was more than 600 years later than the appearance of a Zhou Chengwang in Changsha. I'm afraid even if there is Wan Li Shaci, it is after the appearance of Changsha place names.
The basis of the third theory and the fourth theory is basically the same, and both highlight the characteristics of Changsha. The difference is that the former focuses on individuals, while the latter focuses on groups. Sandy soil is the geological structural feature of Changsha, which is meters long and as white as snow. But even more spectacular is the formation of a sandbar about 5000 meters long. Place names are the product of the development of human society to a certain stage. The ancients named place names according to the outstanding characteristics of their natural environment, which is the main source of ancient place names and accords with the ancient people's understanding level and materialist epistemology. The place names of Changsha should be gradually confirmed by the ancestors according to the characteristics of Changsha's ancient natural environment, and finally established and passed on to future generations; It is said that it began in the world of flood and famine, and it was confirmed in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
As for the fifth theory, although there is no final conclusion, it can also be used as a family statement. There are many sources of placenames in Changsha, which shows the rich connotation of placename culture.