Jiangyin’s finances must be handed over to Wuxi. Finance is the government's "financial management policy." Finance is an economic behavior or economic phenomenon that accompanies the emergence of the country, and its subject is the country or government. It is a distribution behavior implemented by a country's government to choose a certain form (in kind, labor or currency) to obtain a part of the national income to fulfill the needs of its functions. Finance plays a very important position and role in a country's economic development and distribution system.
Public finance is the study of "finance", which is an important part of political economics.
The word "finance" mainly has two meanings:
First, in a practical sense, finance is the "policy of financial management." It refers to an economic department of the country (or government), that is, the financial department. It is a comprehensive department of the country (or government) that raises and supplies funds and funds through its revenue and expenditure activities to ensure the realization of the functions of the country (or government). .
The second is to understand it from the perspective of economics. Finance is an economic category. As an economic category, finance is an economic behavior with the state as the main body. It is the government’s concentration of a part of the national income to meet the public needs. ***Necessary revenue and expenditure activities to achieve the goals of optimizing resource allocation, fair distribution, and economic stability and development. Its essence is: a special distribution relationship formed by the state participating in the distribution and redistribution of some social products and national income by virtue of political power in order to realize its functions.
"Finance" as an economic process, finance includes: fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure. Revenue mainly comes from taxes and national debt, and expenditures mainly include social consumption expenditures, fiscal investment expenditures and transfer expenditures.
Salt and Iron Theory (2)
Salt and Iron Theory (2)
Looking at the ancient books that have been preserved in our country for thousands of years, we can see that "national use" , "national economy", "controlling branches", "financial management" and other terms are all about today's "finance", that is, the records of government financial management, as well as "governing millet history" and "big agricultural order" , "Da Sinong" and other terms are related to the records of today's financial management departments. Although our country is now accustomed to using the word "finance", it only has a history of a hundred years since it appeared in Chinese vocabulary.
According to textual research, in the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, that is, in 1898, in the "Ming Dingguo Shi" edict of the Reform Movement of 1898, there was a provision for "reforming finances and implementing a national budget". This was the first time it was used in government documents. "Financial" word. The use of the word "finance" was indirectly "imported" from Japan by the reformers at that time under the guidance of the introduction of Western cultural ideas, and Japan came from the English word "public finance".
During the Revolution of 1911, Mr. Sun Yat-sen used the word "finance" to emphasize fiscal reform many times when promoting the Three People's Principles. When the Republic of China government was established, the agency in charge of national revenue and expenditure was named the Ministry of Finance. The English word for the corresponding agency of the U.S. government is "Department of Treasury", which originally means treasury or treasury. It is also translated as: Ministry of Finance in our country.
According to the different functions and nature of finance, at different historical stages, people also call "finance" "state finance", "public finance", etc.