In the early Qing Dynasty, the population of Mongolia was about two or three million. With the efforts of the Qing Dynasty for more than 200 years, the population of all ethnic groups in China ushered in explosive growth, but Mongolia continued to decrease. Feng Yuxiang has been operating in the northwest for many years. In his autobiography, he said that there were only 500,000 to 600,000 poor people in Mongolia in the late Qing Dynasty.
What's going on here?
During the Qing dynasty, Mongolian women occupied the harem of the Qing dynasty for a long time. Because of this cousin relationship, the Qing emperor was able to change China's practice of "keeping Mongolia out of the Great Wall" for thousands of years, making it a screen vassal in the north. We should not only let the Mongolians join us sincerely, but also weaken their militant national character, and we should not treat Mongolia blindly like the Han people.
Therefore, the Qing dynasty's "painting the land as a prison" stipulated that Mongolians could only enter the customs from Shanhaiguan and other six customs. When entering the customs, the number of registered people is still released according to the original number when leaving the customs, and it is not allowed to enter or leave from other customs.
In the twentieth year of Jiaqing, the emperor issued a decree forbidding Mongolians to listen to Han opera and build houses. Once found, it will be handed over to imperial academy.
In the sixteenth year of Daoguang, it was also stipulated that Mongolians were forbidden to use Chinese without authorization, and they could only be named in Manchu Mongolian, and it was forbidden to use Chinese characters. Moreover, it is forbidden for mainlanders to go out to farm and do business, with the aim of strengthening feudal rule and preventing Mongolian and Chinese from resisting together.
Strict legal prohibition prevented the Mongolians from obtaining the advanced production technology and tools of the Han nationality, and they were always in a nomadic position, and could not develop further in 300 years.
Mongolian women in the late Qing Dynasty
This is not the worst.
In order to limit the population growth of Mongolia, the Qing Dynasty strongly advocated Lamaism in Mongolia. After the Kangxi dynasty, temples with bright colors, strange shapes and magnificence were intentionally funded by the Qing Dynasty and donated by princes and nobles, and spread all over Mongolia.
According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 0/000 temples/kloc in Monan alone, with more than 200,000 lamas. Lama was exempted from military service, corvee and tax burden. In fact, this policy encouraged the general public to abandon the customs and become monks, and made a large number of Arbatu who were trapped by life gather in temples to recite scriptures and practice, which greatly hindered the economic and cultural development of Mongolia.
The autobiography of Feng Yuxiang mentioned:
"... Mongolia has a population of 12 million. After the long-term rule of the Qing Dynasty, it has now been reduced to 500,000. Manchu used Lamaism to rule the Mongols. Anyone with eight brothers must be a Lama. ..... Only one person can marry and have children for civilians. When a Lama has red and yellow satin to wear, he can sit and enjoy a generous salary. Women are not blessed by lamas, but they can't find suitable spouses, so they are all the objects that mainlanders yearn for. Because civil and military officials, troops and businessmen in the mainland of our headquarters can't bring their families, they can all find temporary wives here. On the one hand, seven or eight Mongolian men have only one wife, on the other hand, a Mongolian woman and several mainlanders are her temporary husbands, which in fact forms a promiscuous society. At the same time, neither men nor women pay attention to hygiene. After being infected with gonorrhea and syphilis, they had to resign themselves to fate. At that time, the living Buddha suffered from syphilis and his nose collapsed. It is said that at present 17 to 25-year-old Mongolian youth, 85% suffer from sexually transmitted diseases; The proportion of people over the age of 25 is naturally larger. This phenomenon is terrible. If it continues, it will be in danger of genocide immediately! "
Mongolian aristocrats in late Qing Dynasty
In the Qing Dynasty, Mongols became independent from China on this ground. They said,' Look, the China government has prevented us from becoming extinct in this way, making it impossible for our nation to survive. "How do you think we can stay with you?"
Feng Yuxiang replied in surprise:' What are you talking about? This is clearly the Manchu government trying to stop you. How can you say it is the China government? Aren't we China people oppressed and abused by the Manchu government just like you?
After 300 years of Manchu rule, the population of Mongolia, which conquered many countries in Europe and Asia and established the Great Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia for nearly a hundred years, dropped from more than 10 million in the early Qing Dynasty to several hundred thousand in the Revolution of 1911. If the population is restricted to family planning, how can the whole nation have vitality?