After careful compilation, the Preface of Zi Zhi Tong Jian has systematically cleared up the history before the Qing Dynasty, which has become the official standard for describing and discussing history and is in a respected position. Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty boasted that his book "Where orthodoxy is partial and destiny is popular, it is a matter of life and death, it must be fair and just, but it is strict and prudent, and there is no room for any compromise." View is a book, destiny is impermanent, and knowledge should be kept, so teach the eternal to be king, that is, teach the eternal to be a minister ",and regard this book as a political textbook for eternal kings and ministers. The annotations of the Qing Dynasty's "The Tale of the Emperor Gaozong" and "The Summary of the Four Treasures" say that this is "a noble lesson with fine details, no seclusion and no candles ... rejecting the trip of the previous generation to correct mistakes, historians make false statements, distinguish mistakes, compromise differences, and say that their meaning is not what the ancients did, but what the people like." According to this statement, no historical masterpiece before the Qing Dynasty can be compared with it.
The history of the previous generation of honest officials, such as The History of the Ming Dynasty and The Compendium of the Ming Dynasty, was also dwarfed after the book was published, and sometimes it had to be revised according to the book. In his comment on writing, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty repeatedly criticized the official compilation of the history of Ming Dynasty, such as criticizing Ming Xianzong and Wan Guifei for being jealous and vicious, and their stories were contradictory; Ming Yingzong's praise in the criticism book; Criticism that Shi Kefa was born in Wen Tianxiang, which his mother dreamed of, was "out of barnyard grass's sideline, but it was lost". Forty years after Qianlong's reign, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty criticized the mistakes in the Outline of Ming History, admitted that it had not been carefully reviewed recently when it was compiled, and decided to revise it. "If the book Tong Jian Ji is my own compromise, a calligraphy is supreme and can be the law. At the same time, we must imitate the adaptation of the Outline. " In addition, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty pointed out many times in his comments that the translation of names and place names in the history of Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan was vulgar, which led to a large-scale revision of the official history, and the opportunity was also due to the compilation of Zi Zhi Tong Jian.
Due to the strict implementation of the general program requiring the loyalty of the corps commander, which lasted until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Gan Long took the initiative to specialize in biographies of ministers of the two dynasties in national history for 40 years, and then he also handled them in the sequel, which was quite powerful for a while. Tracing back to the source, its ideological origin also comes from the compilation of Yu Lan. In a word, both the self-evaluation of the Qing court and the actual influence of the book, Yu Lan Ji was in a respected position in the official historiography at that time.
Taking the compilation of King James Version as an opportunity, Emperor Gaozong summed up the political experience of reviewing history and promoted the development of official political thoughts and measures. In the book and its comment on writing, it is emphasized that courtiers should be unconditionally loyal to the monarch, that the court should establish strict "discipline", that the administration should be "lenient and controlled", that the master should firmly grasp the power of employing people and be diligent, and put forward many concrete opinions on specific historical events, which developed the ruling ideology since Kang Yong and maintained and strengthened the political system of absolute monarchy.
Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty opposed the grotesque things such as the five elements of disasters in history books, dismissed them as untrue, and hated the myth of "left wing" even more, believing that it was an order advocating political chaos. When commenting on Liu Bang's snake-chopping, he pointed out that people often use strangeness to confuse the public and incite chaos. When Wang Mang commented on the matter of usurping the Han Dynasty with the help of characters, he clearly stated: "If you punish the Left, you can borrow it!" He also agrees with Su Shi's statement that "chaos begins with petty villains and great slips", and thinks that if "those who mislead people on the left can't be eliminated early", it will lead to "self-harm". In view of the fact that many emperors in the Qing Dynasty rebelled in the "Left" way, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty came to the conclusion that it was impossible to "raise vines", so he took extremely severe repressive measures against folk religions regardless of the situation and intensified social contradictions. After the mid-Qianlong period, the armed struggles of private secret religious organizations have come and gone for decades, which has become one of the important reasons for the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Part of the reason for this major political turmoil is the improper decision-making of the Qing emperor, and the review of General Survey is related to this.
Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty thought that the system of "different generations", enfeoffment, land acquisition and land equalization was not feasible, but emphasized the maintenance of Manchu customs. This concept of opposing retro but advocating "Fazu" is slightly similar to his father, Emperor Sejong of the Qing Dynasty. The difference is that his political views against all political reforms are all derived from the concept of "Fazu", which was formed in the review of "comprehensive review". Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty criticized Wang Anshi's political reform and equated it with Wang Mang's system reform, which was regarded as "the cause of Song disease". In particular, it denounced the political reform of ethnic minorities, such as attacking the "filial piety to change ancestors law" of the Northern Wei Dynasty ... what is immoral; He rebuked Jin Zhangzong for "changing the old style of gold resources, the national situation will become increasingly weak" and so on. As he said in an imperial edict: "In the Northern Wei, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, all those who were politically conservative and changed their precepts were eager to try and learn from their arguments. It can be seen that "keeping the law and changing its precepts" has become the political thinking set of the Qing emperor. This conservative thought had a far-reaching negative impact on Qing politics.
The most noteworthy thing in an investigation of Imperial Review is the conclusion about the problem of storing two books. In view of the succession struggle in the late Kangxi period, Sejong of Qing Dynasty created the secret storage method, but it was not proved in theory. For thousands of years, the idea of compiling two books and establishing "the country as the foundation" is deeply rooted. Chu Jun has a way to make a living, and his classics are full, which has a great influence. Is it to restore the traditional vertical storage method of Confucianism, or to equate the traditional method with the well field system, or to fundamentally deny the traditional vertical storage system? You must choose one of the three. After a period of hesitation, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty chose the last one, which was made through comprehensive examination. When he re-examined the behavior of Di Yili's eldest son Xin (later), he realized the mistake of "establishing the eldest son". "What do you mean a fool doesn't understand this?" Later, he criticized the actions of Emperor Gaozu, Tang Gaozu, Emperor Taizong and Ming Taizu. , leading to unrest, and clearly put forward the view that "artifacts should choose talents and not make mistakes." In his comments on Pei Xiu's invitation to establish a prince as early as the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty expounded the disadvantages of establishing a prince: "The fame has been set, and its unscrupulous people are not solid enough, that is, there are heroes, and those who admire them are eager to please them, while those who avoid them are eager to get rid of them. The traces of ancient and modern times can be tested. " , then how to let the brothers in the same column choose talents and teach more! Those who don't yearn for the album are actually preserved ... so I'll talk about it to break the confusion for thousands of years. "Forty-eight years after Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ordered the compilation of the Golden Mirror of Ancient and Modern Chu Er, collected the cases of disasters caused by the Golden Mirror compiled by Chu Er from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, supplemented the notes, and sealed it with relevant imperial edicts, completely negating the traditional system in the past 1000 years, making the theory of secret collection in the Qing Dynasty systematic and mature. With the implementation of this theory, the political situation of the Qing court was always relatively stable, and its basic ideas and propositions were put forward in the Imperial Examination in the Mirror with examples. The compilation of Jin Jian of Ancient and Modern Chu Er is a natural move.
By the Qing Dynasty, the feudal society in China was at the end, but the Qianlong Dynasty was a "prosperous time". As a representative of this era, the thought of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty also showed two characteristics. He stood out with great boldness of vision and profound knowledge, commented on history from a strategically advantageous position, criticized almost all emperors and famous ministers of past dynasties, summed up political experience from it, and made innovations in political measures and political theories. The compilation stage of Zi Zhi Tong Jian is the time when the Qianlong Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline and social contradictions became increasingly acute. When evaluating history, he inevitably showed the conservatism and extreme autocracy of his political thought. These official views on political history, such as neo-orthodoxy, strict adherence to ethical principles, absolute "loyalty" standards of subjects, conservative consciousness against political reform, and political theory of secretly establishing reserves, have had a far-reaching impact on the thoughts, policies and systems of the Qing court, making it a conservative, autocratic and more effective government, and restricting China to some extent.