Citation in the text: ("Promoting the new with the old" can also be compared to "saying")
1, Ji: a kind of ancient Chinese prose, with uncertain writing style, which can be used to describe scenery, things or arguments. The purpose is to express the author's feelings, ambitions or to clarify the author's views (viewpoints) on a certain issue.
Features: 1, emotion, reason, material, scenery and material; 2. Narration, scenery writing, lyricism and discussion are organically combined.
For example: the story of the nuclear ship-the object of explanation-the nuclear ship: kit kat (object)
Peach Blossom Garden —— Landscape Prose —— Xanadu
The Story of Yueyang Tower-Lyric Prose-"The Best in the World ┅ ┅"
"Drunken Pavilion"-lyric prose-"Being drunk can make you happy, and I can tell you in words when I wake up".
Mo Chi Ji's "Argument" works hard to train talents.
2. About the author: Name: Ceng Gong, word: Zi Gu; Time: people in the Northern Song Dynasty; Venue: Nanfeng, Jianchang (now Nanfeng County, Jiangxi Province), one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", later known as Mr. Nanfeng, died as "Wen Ding". Works: Yuanfeng Class Draft. The History of Song Dynasty said that his article "was originally based on the Six Classics, but considering Sima Qian and Han Yu, it is rare for people who have worked for a period of time to write words."
Ceng Gong, guided by Confucianism, was widely exposed to the cultural heritage beyond Confucian classics. He talked about his hard work in many poems, and thought that it was impossible to form his own family without a strong accumulation of cultural knowledge. His prose style is simple and steady, his argument is frank, he pays attention to statutes and layout, and his structure is rigorous and clear, especially his words are clear and clean. His works have a certain influence on later generations.
Second, read the text and show the communication.
1, students learn by themselves
Read the text repeatedly, and read it accurately and thoroughly, and know the content of the article roughly.
2, ask questions to solve problems-four-line translation method: students find problems, ask questions, and discuss and solve problems among students and between teachers and students.
3. Recite the full text: Recite it layer by layer according to the characteristics of this article.
4. Study the text:
1. Students can read the text freely. The teacher reads the model and the students read it together. )
2. Ask questions so that students can read the text purposefully.
(1) What does the author think is the reason why Wang Xizhi has made great achievements in calligraphy?
Clarity: The author thinks that Wang Xizhi's great achievements in calligraphy are not born, but come from diligent study and practice.
(2) What is the purpose of the book Wang Jinyou County Mo Chi written by Fuzhou scholar Wang Shengjun?
Clear: Now there is a study house above Mo Chi. Wang Shengjun, a professor of Chinese studies, was afraid that Mo Chi was not obvious enough, so he wrote the words "Wang Jin has a gentleman, Mo Chi" and hung it in the middle of the column, with the purpose of praising Wang Xizhi's calligraphy and encouraging his students with his diligent deeds.
(3) This article uses many rhetorical questions. Please draw these rhetorical questions in the reading process and read them repeatedly to understand their significance and function in the article.
Clear: six words "evil" are used in this paper, namely: ① "Do you believe in evil"; (2) "and taste this evil"; (3) "Why not learn evil"; (4) "Those who want to be further moral are evil"; (5) The Causes and Traces of Evil; ⑥ "encourage others to be evil".
Translate these six rhetorical questions orally and clarify their meanings and functions in the text:
(1) that the author is skeptical about the legend of Mo Chi (because there are many places called Wang Xizhi Mo Chi, such as Zhejiang Huiji).
(2) Used to emphasize that Wang Xizhi is not fond of traveling.
③ It is certain that Wang Xizhi's calligraphy achievements are not from nature, but the result of diligent study and practice.
④ It plays the role of prompting and enlightening. Explain your own speculation and emphasize the tone of humility.
5. Central idea: This paper starts with the story of Mo Chi's legacy, closely links with the story of Wang Xizhi's hard practice of calligraphy, and focuses on the truth of hard study and hard practice of talents, encouraging people to study hard and improve their moral cultivation.
6, writing characteristics:
1), this paper adopts the writing method of combining notes with discussion, briefly discusses it in detail and highlights the theme of the article.
Taking Wang Xizhi's Book of Linchi as an example, this paper shows that any achievement depends on hard work, and hard work is by no means "natural", which extends to the issue of moral cultivation, aiming at encouraging people to study hard, practice hard and make progress. At the beginning of the article, the place and shape of Mo Chi are written, and then the legend about Wang Xizhi's "middle school books in the pool are all black" is explained. This is the narrative part, full of twists and turns, and well-conceived. Among them, the words "learn from the pond, the water in the pond is black" provide arguments and lay the groundwork for the following discussion. Then, the author turns from narration to discussion, pointing out that Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art is "late is good" and "unnatural", which leads to "those who want to further their morality" and "can they learn well?" Among them, the word "late is good" is an important basis for this thesis, while "energy comes from itself" and "unnatural" are the correct conclusions of the author. In the second part, firstly, I narrate the course of the professor of Chinese studies, and then comment on it, speculating that ieee fellow's move is to "encourage his scholars", and finally it comes down to the effect of "the legacy of benevolent people's kindness" on the afterlife, so as to encourage people to study hard and improve themselves.
2) See the big from the small.
7. Grasp the meaning of several rhetorical questions and experience the witty and calm language features.
The article uses rhetorical questions seven times and puts forward a series of questions and speculations, which makes readers think in seemingly uncertain answers, which is very intriguing and reflects the witty and calm language characteristics. (See the handout for the rest. )
(1), "This is its old story. Do you believe in evil?" (2) "You have the luxury of loitering, but you have tasted this evil?"
This is the remains of Wang Xizhi's study. Is that really the case? Did he ever live here when he roamed the mountains and rivers? The author doubts whether Mo Chi in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province is a relic of Wang Youjun, but he was entrusted by Wang Sheng, a professor of Chinese studies, to write a note for Mo Chi. It is neither necessary to make a detailed textual research nor convenient to say anything, so he used two rhetorical questions. They are all speculative, meaning runs through from top to bottom, the structure echoes back and forth, and the layout is very rigorous.
The extensive use of rhetorical questions adds to the emotion of singing and sighing, and by using pause and stretching, it avoids the endless disadvantages of rushing, wandering and chanting. Former people called it "Ou Zeng". In this respect, Ceng Gong was deeply impressed by Ouyang Xiu's "June 1 Fengshen".
Third, read the text alive and explore the extension.
After-school homework training: read the passage and answer questions.
Most of the compositions are in "three" ①.
Ouyang Xiu
Although Qian Sigong (2) is rich, he has few hobbies. When I was in Xiluo, I tasted the language family. I said I was only good at reading in my life. Read classics when sitting, novels when lying down, and fine print when going to the toilet. The cover has never been released in an instant. Xie also said: Duke Song hangs in the history museum and takes a book with him every time he goes to the toilet. The voice of sarcasm was loud and clear, and he could hear it far and near, and he learned it. I am deeply interested in it. Most of the articles I have written in my life are on the third day, immediately, on the pillow and in the toilet. Cover but this can especially belong to Si Er (5).
① Three-up: it means "immediately", "on the pillow" and "on the toilet". ② Qian Sigong: Qian, one of the representative writers of Kunxi School in the Northern Song Dynasty. Xie (Xie Jiang) and Song Gong Hammer (Song Shou) mentioned below are also famous for their literature. ③ Xiluo: Xijing Luoyang. Novel: refers to hundreds of works in the pre-Qin period and various miscellaneous notes later. Small words: refers to dictionaries and small orders. 4 Langran: The voice is crisp. Stubborn: very studious. ⑤ belongs to thinking: thinking and conceiving.
(1) The article describes three things and describes them directly; Recalling Xie's introduction; The author comes from Tao. (2) What do these examples and this article inspire you?
Reference answer (1) Qian Sigong's love of reading, Song Gongqin's example of diligent study, and his characteristics and experience in his composition in the "Big Three"
(2) Only by cherishing time and being thirsty for knowledge can we achieve something. (Note: This link aims to guide students to pay attention to the phenomenon of polysemy, accumulate vocabulary in classical Chinese, read and understand classical Chinese, and achieve "the words are organized and the sentences are targeted", so as to understand the ideological content of the article and learn the spirit of diligence and studiousness of the ancients. )
Text background knowledge
Mo Chi is located in Linchuan County, Jiangxi Province. According to legend, it is the place where Wang Xizhi, a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, washed his pens and inkstones. Ceng Gong admired Wang Xizhi's reputation and made a special trip to Linchuan in September of the eighth year of Li Qing (1048) to pay tribute to Mo Chi's remains. Wang Sheng, a professor of Chinese studies, asked him to write a note about "Wang Jin has an army and Mo Chi", so Ceng Gong wrote this article based on Wang Xizhi's anecdote.
Ceng Gong (10 19- 1083) was born in Nanfeng (now Jiangxi) of Jianchang Army and later lived in Linchuan (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi). Being able to write less is quite appreciated by Ouyang Xiu. Song Renzong Jiayou was a scholar for two years (1057). After Wen Ding's death, scholars called Mr. Nanfeng. When he was in charge of collating and proofreading, he edited ancient books such as Warring States Policy, Shuoyuan, New Preface and Li Taibai Ji, which made great contributions to the preservation of ancient cultural heritage.
Ceng Gong was an active supporter of the Song Dynasty poetry innovation movement led by Ouyang Xiu. His writing style is similar to Ouyang Xiu's, and he is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, with detailed narration and clear thinking. There is a "Yuanfeng class draft".
Comprehensive use of words
Discrimination of word meaning:
It also wants to innovate and encourage scholars to do evil: the "qi" in front is a turning conjunction, just like "qi"; The latter word "Qi" is a pronoun with different meanings.
There is a pool depression, but the square is a rectangle; Fang Xi can't be strong as an official, but wants to be oriental.
The former "Fang" should be "Yan"; The back "square" and "east" together indicate the orientation.
Key points and difficulties explain the key points: seeing the big because of the small, and seeing the big because of the small.
The full text is very short, and it is recorded as an old hearsay in Mo Chi. However, the discussion from it is quite alert, which not only affirms the importance of studying hard the day after tomorrow, but also promotes the improvement of moral cultivation, showing the author's broad thinking and brilliant knowledge.
Difficulties: the structural form of two-point staggered propulsion
One clue is the transformation of narrative, from the former site of Mo Chi to the study by the ink pool today, from ancient times to the present; Another clue is the advancement of the argument, from remembering the ancestor Wang Xizhi's hard practice of calligraphy to encouraging today's post-school students to further their morality, which is from the previous sages to post-school students. This structure is smooth and complete, which contributes to the coherence of the article.
Extended Knowledge Retrieval: A Review of Mo Chi Collection;
A few short chapters make people feel meaningful. This used to be the king's strong point. -Green? Gan Long compiled Wen Chun in Tang and Song Dynasties (Volume 56)
See the big from the small, and you can hide it, so to speak. This means that the moral significance of entering a higher school is broken, and it is not limited to one case. The intention is either in the topic or outside the topic, which makes people linger and admire. -Green? Shen Deqian's Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties Volume 28
Because Mo Chi will study the Book of Xi, from now on, this is a very important text. Think of it as a state school, and the word "learn" sticks. The whole meaning of it is just to borrow Xi's study book to encourage scholars. If Xi's theory is a good book, it is already on cloud nine. If you hold on to the printed board tightly, it will rot. -Green? Wang Fuzeng's "Drunk Painting in Ancient Chinese Literature"
Text reading guidance
The article first briefly records the place and shape of Wang Xizhi, and then turns to discuss the reasons for Wang Xizhi's success: "Gai also works hard, which is unnatural!" " This affirms the importance of studying hard and practicing hard the day after tomorrow. This is the first meaning of this article. This meaning closely follows the meaning of "Mo Chi" and is the proper meaning in the title.
But the main idea of the article doesn't stop there. The author further infers that (1) learning calligraphy is the same, and so is improving moral cultivation. From learning calligraphy to moral cultivation, both are not innate, but acquired. (2) From the fact that "a man has a skill" is still remembered by future generations, it is inferred that "the legacy of benevolent scholars" will always be touched by future generations. From calligraphy to moral integrity, from specific calligraphers to a wider range of benevolent scholars, it shows the author's broad thinking. This is the second meaning of this article, which means "off topic".
But "digression" is still "topic". These two meanings are not only from small to large, but also logical; Moreover, when it comes to morality from calligraphy and the pursuit of Mu Xiande, it is still related to the meaning in the title. Because the former site of "Mo Chi" is now a national school, the author wrote this article at the request of Wang Sheng, with the purpose of "encouraging scholars". So the focus is on the word "mian". Therefore, from learning calligraphy to general knowledge to moral cultivation, it is natural to encourage students. If you cling to "Mo Chi", stick to the general idea of the topic, and only talk about calligraphy, you will not only die under the topic, but also be far from the original intention of taking notes. So this second meaning, in terms of general writing, is a "digression", but in terms of the specific environment of this article, it is a "digression".