Before Yu Xia died:
When Yao was in office, he recommended Shun as his successor. At that time, there was no habit of father's death and son's succession, but a talented person was chosen as the heir. Legend has it that Shun, Shun living in Yu and Yu living in Yi are all stories. According to "On Mozi's Sages", "Yao Jushun is used by Zeyang, granted political power, and the world is at peace". "On Mencius Zhang Wan" records: "Shunxiang medicine is over twenty years old and eight years old, which is beyond human's ability." Shun probably did something that ordinary people can't do and won everyone's support. Therefore, after Yao's death, although Shun avoided Yao's son in the south of Nanhe River, all the governors in the world went to worship him instead of Yao's son. If there is a lawsuit, go to him; The singer does not praise Yao Zi, but praises him. It can be seen that the pick recommended by Yao is indeed a virtuous person. ?
Legend has it that after the Yellow Emperor, he met three famous leaders, Yao, Shun and Yu, in the tribal alliance in the Yellow River basin. There are many stories about their abdication in ancient books.
Yao? No. Tao Tang, the fifth grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the son of Di Ku, lives in Pingyang (now Linfen County, Shanxi Province) in the west. Yao became the leader of the tribal alliance, lived in a thatched cottage like everyone else, ate brown rice, cooked wild vegetables to make soup, wore a coarse coat in summer and only added a piece of deerskin to keep out the cold in winter. His clothes and shoes will never be replaced before they are worn out. The people supported him as much as they loved their parents.
Yao has been in office for seventy years and is already old. His son Dani is very rough and troublesome. Someone recommended to inherit the throne, but Yao disagreed. Later, Yao convened a tribal alliance meeting to discuss the choice of successors. Everyone recommended Yu Shun, saying that he was an able person with both ability and political integrity. Yao was so happy that he married his two daughters and both of them to Shun. It took him three years to abdicate.
Shun, named Yu, is said to be the seventh grandson of Zhuan Xu, born in Zhufeng of Huangdi IX. (In present-day Shandong Province). After Shun ascended the throne, he cultivated fields, fished and made pottery himself, which was deeply loved by everyone. Through the tribal alliance meeting, he let eight yuan manage the land, eight kai discipline, contract the civil affairs, for fear of benefiting the mountains and rivers, and Boyi managed the sacrifices, and Hao Tao was punished, thus perfecting the social management system. He also followed Yao's example and held a succession meeting for democratic discussion. Everyone chose to be the heir. Shun was in poor health in his later years, but he still went to visit all parts of the south, but he died on the way to Cangwu (now Hunan). After Shun's death, Yu became the leader of the tribal alliance.
The historical legend of Yao Shun's abdication reflects the democratic system of the primitive commune.
Giant flood of shad
Legend has it that during the reign of Emperor Yao, floods often occurred in the Yellow River basin. In order to prevent floods and protect agricultural production, Emperor Yao once called a meeting of tribal leaders to solicit water control experts to calm the floods. Gun is recommended to be in charge of this work. After accepting the task, Gun used dikes to block water and made a three-block city, that is, surrounded residential areas with simple dikes to block floods. After 9 years of failure, he was finally exiled to Yushan and died. After Shun Di ascended the throne, Gun's son was appointed to manage the water source. Summing up his father's experience in water control, Yu changed the "blocking obstacles" of Gun to "dredging stagnation", that is, using the natural trend of water flowing from high to low, dredging blocked streams in the right direction. The flood was introduced into dredged rivers, depressions or lakes, and then connected with the four seas, thus calming the flood and enabling people to move back from the highlands to Pingchuan to live and engage in agricultural production. Later, Yu became the first king of the Xia Dynasty, and was called "Shen Yu", which was passed down from generation to generation.
In the process of Dayu's water control, he left many touching deeds. According to legend, with the help of his original measuring tools-ruler and ruler, he traveled all over the north and south of the river, split the Longmen and Izui with a magic axe, and cut through Jishi Mountain and Qingtongxia to make the river unimpeded. He has lived away from home for 13 years, but he hasn't entered the house three times. Even his newborn child didn't have time to caress him. He took the lead in suffering, and the hair on his legs was polished in labor. He is the first hero in the history of China who successfully managed the Yellow River flood.
The establishment of Xia dynasty
Xia dynasty (about 2070 BC-about 65438 BC+0600 BC)?
The first dynasty recorded in China's history books. According to historical records, the Xia Dynasty was the first country in China's history where Qi, the son of Yu, abolished the system of abdication of traditional tribes and killed foreigners to become king. Yu Xia changed from him to the hereditary system of the throne through his son, not the previous abdication system. Biography of Xia Dynasty 13 generation, 16 king. The center of Xia Dynasty is in the west of Henan and the south of Shanxi. It is said that after the death of Qi, Taikang ascended the throne and there was a temporary regime change, which was called "mourning the country". After the revival of Shao Kang, the Xia Dynasty was rebuilt. During the reign of Confucius, the Xia Dynasty declined. After that, the three spread to Valerian and the Xia Dynasty perished. About 400 years later, it was destroyed by the Shang Dynasty. ?
Because there are no written words handed down directly in the Xia Dynasty, the understanding of the Xia Dynasty has long relied mainly on the records of ancient documents, including the kings, officials, troops and prisons of the Xia Dynasty. Since modern times, the excavation of large palaces, tombs and numerous bronzes in Erlitou Village site in Yanshi County, Henan Province has revealed the politics, economy, society, culture and life of Xia Dynasty as slavery. ?
The establishment of the Xia Dynasty marked China's entry into the slave society, and the Xia Dynasty became the first class dynasty in China.
Inherit the father's position
In Yu's later years, the leaders of various tribes elected the leader of Yi nationality as the successor of Yu. Hao Tao died first, and then Boyi was elected as his successor. But Yu secretly cultivated power for his son Qi. After Yu's death, these powerful nobles rose up against Boyi and made Yu's son Qi succeed him. Kay took the opportunity to kill Boyi and seize the throne. The traditional abdication system was abolished and replaced by the hereditary system of the throne passed down from generation to generation.
At the same time, Hu Shi (Huxian County, Shaanxi Province), a western warlord with the same surname, rose up against it. Chyi Chin led an army to crusade against Gan (west of Luoyang City, Henan Province) and wiped out the Hu family. Xia Qi eliminated these interferences, consolidated the imperial power, formally established the hereditary system, and started the situation of "one family under the world" in the history of China.
In order to make the hereditary kingship confirmed by many princes, Xia Qi convened many princes in the capital, Yangzhai, and held a grand "Juntai Banquet". It shows that the ruling foundation of Xia Dynasty has been completely determined.
The village is in chaos.
After Xia Qi's death, his son Taikang succeeded to the throne. The new monarch succeeded to the throne, content with pleasure, dissolute, ruthless and tyrannical, which caused strong dissatisfaction among the people and led to a chaotic situation of competing for the throne.
At this time, Hou Yi (also known as Yi), the leader of the poor ethnic group, was more powerful among the Dongyi ethnic group. Taking advantage of the internal kingship dispute in the Xia Dynasty, it occupied the Xia capital, drove off Zhong Kang, and seized the throne, so-called Yi Di.
After Hou Yi proclaimed himself emperor, he didn't learn a lesson and thought he was good at archery, so he didn't care about the people, didn't work for them, and took pleasure in hunting every day. Soon, Yi was victimized by Han Dai of Boming, a Dongyi nationality. Han Dai proclaimed himself emperor, took Yi's wife and gave birth to her. Han Zhuo also ordered his son to douse the Taoist temple and Taoist training with the same name as Xia, and pursue Xia Dixiang in exile. As a result, Xiang was killed, but Xiang's wife escaped from the hole in the wall and hid in her family (now Jinxiang, Shandong Province), giving birth to Xia Di's posthumous son Shao Kang.
The demise of Xia Jie.
Jie, the last monarch of Xia Dynasty, was a famous tyrant and dissolute monarch in the history of China. You can straighten the hook with your bare hands, but you are extravagant and tyrannical. He is extravagant and leads a corrupt life. He spent a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to build the tilting palace and Yaotai, and collected beautiful women from all over the world to fill the harem. Jay got a beautiful girl's sister-in-law when he conquered the Shishi, and after returning home, he drank and had fun around the clock with his sister-in-law and maids. At the same time, the contradiction between Xia Dynasty and neighboring countries was quite fierce. With the intensification of class contradictions, the neighboring Shang tribes in the East are becoming stronger and stronger. Shang Tang took the opportunity to send troops against valerian. BC 1600, the two armies fought and Xia Jun was defeated. He fled to Nanchao, was captured by Tang, exiled to Bohai, and died here soon. Thus the Xia Dynasty perished.
Xia dynasty emperors' spectrum?
The Xia Dynasty (about 2 146 BC-0/675 BC) began and eventually became Jie Di, *** 17 years. In the summer, private ownership began to appear, and the demise system of clan society came to an end and was replaced by hereditary system. Society developed from primitive society to slave society. Xia dynasty's surname. ? At the end of the Xia Dynasty, the internal affairs of the Xia royal family were not repaired, foreign invasion continued, and class contradictions became increasingly acute. Seeing that the time was ripe to attack valerian, Shang Tang called for the "mandate of heaven" and asked everyone to make an all-out attack and carry out God's will. 29 years in the Battle of Jumping?
Qi, Zi Si, son of Dayu. After Dayu's death, Qi succeeded to the throne as the son of heaven. After Xia Qi acceded to the throne, he gave a banquet in Juntaida. You Hu's family was very dissatisfied with breaking the abdication system and refused to attend. Xia Qi sent his army to attack the Youhu family. The war hit Gansu, and the Youhu family was defeated and destroyed. This victory initially consolidated the new regime. China's first slave country was established. In old age, life is becoming more and more corrupt. He likes drinking, hunting, singing and dancing, but he ignores state affairs. ? Taikang reigned for 29 years?
Xia Qi's son Taikang inherited the throne of Qi. His dissolute life and lax governance made the internal contradictions increasingly acute and the external four foreigners betrayed him. . When he was out hunting, the descendants of a poor leader took the opportunity to invade and became a monarch himself, which was called "Taikang lost his country" in history. ? Zhong Kang was Zhong Kang's younger brother in 13 years. After he acceded to the throne, he was unable to restore Xia Shi. At this time, his descendants were killed by his cronies Han Zhuo. Han Zhuo is king on his own. ? mutually
28 years in power?
Item, son of Zhong Kang. Twenty-eight years after he ascended the throne, Han Jue attacked him and was killed. ? Shao Kang
In 2 1 year?
A posthumous son Shao Kang. Han Zhuo's son sent someone to kill Shao Kang, who fled to Youyu's house and became Youyu's official. The descendants of Shun married their two daughters to Shao Kang and gave them to Tutian and others in Shao Kang. Shao Kang was firmly established.
Han Gang replaced Hou Yi. When the political situation was chaotic, he gathered the diaspora and reorganized the team. In the end, it overthrew Youqiong's political power, which had been rampant in Xia State for more than 40 years, and was called "Shao Kang Zhongxing" in history. Shao Kang is a successful king. ? On 17?
Shao Kang's son. He took part in the war to restore Xia Guo led by his father and made many achievements. He invented armor and spears and conquered Dongyi on a large scale and won. ? China Scholar Tree
44 years in power?
Huai, son of Xun. During his reign, social economy developed. ? Mang reigned 18?
Mang, pregnant son. When he was in office, he began to sink the sacrifices that lasted for thousands of years into the Yellow River (that is, to protect the river god and sink the sacrifices into the Yellow River). ? 2 1 year release?
Xie, the son of Mang, was officially made a vassal of Jiuyi when he was in office. ? Don't be in power for 59 years?
An unhealthy, venting son. After 59 years in office, he gave way to his brother. ? In office 2 1 year?
Oh, my unhealthy brother. ? In office 2 1 year?
I am your son. When he came to power, Xia began to decline. ? Kong Jia reigned for 3 1 year?
Kong Jia, an unhealthy son. Sima Qian said that "Emperor Kongjia was good at ghosts and gods and committed fornication", which shows that Kongjia was a cruel and bad king and ran amok. ? Gao reigned 1 1 year?
Kong's son is tall. ? In 1 1 year?
Fa, Gao's son. When he was in office, the governors of all parties had not come to congratulate him, the internal affairs of the Xia royal family had not been repaired, foreign invasion continued, and class contradictions became increasingly acute. Xia Guo fell further. ? Valerie reigned for 52 years?
Jie, the son of law. Is a famous cruel king in history. Abuse and murder, Xia Jie did not consider the reform after he acceded to the throne. He is arrogant and extravagant, building palaces and decorating Yao Tai. He likes drinking and having fun with his sister day and night, and people curse Xia Jie by pointing to the sun. The minister was loyal to the proposal, but he was imprisoned and killed. The governors of the four sides also betrayed each other, and Xia Jie fell into an isolated situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. Was eventually destroyed.