Selaginella, Equisetum arvense, Celastrus orbiculatus, Adiantum Adiantum, Pteris breviscapus, Pteris Venus, Pteris Longclaw, Rhizoma Cibotii, Rhizoma Osmundae, and Pteris nephrolepis.
Epiphytes are: Quercus, Pteris, Lilium tenuifolium, etc. The aquatic plants are Manjianghong, Tianzicao and halophytes (born on the beach);
Woody species: such as Thoreau.
There are also nest fern, kidney fern, (long horn, dichotomous) antlers, (beautiful leaves, thin leaves, ladder leaves, hairy leaves, dense leaves) Adiantum, Lygodium japonicum, silver fern, (coral, thin leaves) and so on.
There are many kinds of kudzu vine plants, the common ones are:
Cucurbitaceae: watermelon, pumpkin, wax gourd, melon (including cantaloupe), pumpkin (zucchini), gourd, cucumber, bitter gourd and towel gourd;
Leguminosae: cowpea, pea, lentil, kidney bean (kidney bean), kudzu root, etc.
Convolvulaceae: morning glory, sweet potato (sweet potato), etc.
Grape family: all kinds of grapes, raisins, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and so on.
There are flowers: green radish, copper coins, etc.
Medicinal materials: Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Radix Codonopsis, Humulus Humulus, Radix Rubiae, etc.
pteridophyte
Pteridophytes are a large class of higher plants. It is also a lower class of higher plants. Often tall woody plants turn into big forests. It flourished in the late Paleozoic and is mostly herbaceous in modern times. Pteridophytes can be divided into five subfamilies: Pinus, Lycopodium, Isoetes, Wedelia and Pteridophytes.
It is a vascular spore plant (also known as higher spore plant), a perennial herb with terrestrial, epiphytic, little water, erect or multi-winding climbing, or sometimes a tall tree; Sporophyte (so-called green fern) has organ differentiation of roots, stems and leaves as usual [except Pteris (Orchidaceae)]. Sporophyte forms are the most diverse in the modern plant kingdom. Some are as big as trees and some as small as 1 cm, but most of them are medium-sized perennial herbs. Sporophyte has many sporangia and endospores; The sporangia of the most primitive ferns are born at the top of branches, some are born at specialized leaves or leaves with spike or cone-shaped sacs (sporangia), some are born at the edge of spore leaves, and some are clustered at the top of branches to form spore leaves (sacs), while most species are born under spore leaves in various forms, forming so-called sporangia (piles) or fully distributed leaves. Spores (with n chromosomes) can be divided into isospores and heterospores: heterospores produce two kinds of spore leaves on sporophytes (common plants in Langchang): megaspore leaves produce large sporangia and endospores; Microspores are epiphytic microspores and endogenous microspores. Most modern ferns belong to the same spore type. After the spore matures, it spreads out from the sporangium through a special and ingenious mechanism (annulus), and germinates and grows into a prothallus after landing, which is called gametophyte. The shape of gametophyte is very simple, and it is undifferentiated thallus, massive body or branched filament. In the same gametophyte, there are archegonia and androsperma (hermaphroditism), but in the heterospore fern, the gametophyte is simpler and divided into hermaphroditism. The male gametophyte is very small and does not leave the microspore wall, while the female gametophyte is much larger and does not leave the megaspore wall. Sperm with water as medium fertilizes eggs with the help of ciliary movement, and gametes grow and develop into green sporophytes (chromosome 2n), also known as growing ferns, which produce sporangia and endospores on their leaves, and the spores germinate on the ground and develop into prothallus. In this way, the sporophyte and gamete generations of spore generation alternate once, and the life cycle of ferns is completed.
There are about 1 1 500 species of modern pteridophytes, which are widely distributed all over the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. There are about 2,000 species in China, most of which like to grow in warm and humid forest environment. They have become an important part of the herb layer of forest vegetation, which not only has a great influence on the growth and development of forests, but also can be used as indicator plants to sensitively reflect environmental conditions.
The pteridophytes in China are the most abundant in the world, many of which are medicinal plants, some are used as vegetables, and some are from starch plants. The most commonly used underground rhizome of bracken is the first root. According to the preliminary statistics of the Ministry of Commerce, only in 1958, farmers all over the country used the starch in fern roots (commonly known as fern powder) to make various foods, saving a lot of food for the country. Pteridophytes with green leaves and strange postures can beautify gardens and bring a sense of success. Many species are important bonsai for interior decoration.
In particular, it can be pointed out that many ferns are of great significance in industrial production, the most important of which is Lycopodiaceae [1]? Many kinds of spores (commonly known as lycopodium powder) are excellent release agents in metallurgical industry, which can improve the quality of castings. Because of the age of pteridophytes, their fossils and spores are important signs to identify strata. In the field of natural science, pteridophytes are often regarded as one of the important objects to study the theory of biological evolution and plant phylogeny because of their unique position and morphological diversity in the whole plant kingdom, which is between lower plants and higher plants. In this regard, China has superior scientific research conditions.