The highest development of Yanle in terms of formal structure is the Yanle Daqu of the Tang Dynasty. The so-called "daqu" is often the trinity of song, music and dance. It is a comprehensive art that integrates singing, instrumental music and dance. "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes" is a major piece of French music. It is the most representative repertoire of the Liyuan Dharma Department and a representative work of court music and dance in the Tang Dynasty. Its series are respectively "Nice Clothes and Feather Clothes Song", "Nice Clothes and Feather Clothes Song" and "Nice Clothes and Feather Clothes Dance". In "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", the word "nichang" appears more than 100 times, of which at least 60 are directly related to this music and dance work. Its lyrics and melody were no longer spread by the Song Dynasty, and only some of the passages evolved into lyrics and tunes. There are roughly three theories about the origin of "Nishang Yuyi Song". Some people think that it was renamed from the "Brahman" song presented by Yang Jingshu, the governor of Xiliang. Bai Juyi's "Song of Colorful Clothes and Feather Clothes (He Wei Zhi)": "Originally, everything has its own master, and the Yang family created the voice and created the music." The self-note says: "Yang Jingshu created it during the Kaiyuan Festival in Liangfu in the West." "New Book of Tang" Vol. 22 "Rites and Music Twelve": "Afterwards, Yang Jingzhong, the governor of Hexi Province, presented "Neon Dress and Feather Clothes Song" twelve times." Guo Maoqian's "Yuefu Poetry Collection" Volume 80 "Modern Song Ci II Brahman": ""Le Yuan" said : "Brahman", Shang Tiaoqu, in the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Xiliang Mansion Jiedu Yang Jingshujin said: "Tianbao thirteen years, changed "Brahman" to "Nishang Yuyi"." Some people think it is completely Tang Xuanzong. made. Liu Yuxi's "Sanxiang Post Tower and Seeing Xuanzong's Poems Looking at Nv'er Mountain, I Feel Fei Fei's Thoughts": "Looking at the Fairy Mountain on the road in Sanxiang, it is classified as a song of colorful feathers." It is said that Xuanzong was inspired by looking at Nv'er Mountain in the distance and came back to compose it. "The Song of Colorful Feathers". In addition to the theory of Wangxian Mountain, there is also a saying that this song was composed by Xuanzong when he visited the Moon Palace and received the music of immortals. The latter version is more common, such as Lu Zhao's "Yishi" in Tang Dynasty, Niu Sengru's "Xuanguailu" in Tang Dynasty, Volume 3, Que Ming's "Guangde Shenyilu" in Tang Dynasty, and Xue Ruoyong's "Jiyiji" in Tang Dynasty. , Tang Dynasty Liu Zongyuan's "Longcheng Lu", Tang Dynasty Li Fuyan's "Xuxuanguai Lu" Volume 2, Qian Shu Du Guangting's "The Story of Immortals Encounter" Volume 4, etc. all hold this view. The basic theory is: the Taoist priest Ye Fa Shantang led him up to the Moon Palace, listened to the heavenly music, learned the music from the top, and memorized the music as "The Song of Colorful Clothes and Feathers". The third theory is that it was the result of the cooperation between Xuanzong and Yang Jingshu. Zheng Xi's "Jinyang Gate Poems": "The emperor left in the middle of the night." His own note said: "Ye Fashan led him up to the Moon Palace. Autumn was already deep, and it was bitter and cold up there. He couldn't stay long and returned. In the middle of the night, he still heard the music of immortals. After returning home, I remembered half of it and wrote it on the flute. I met Yang Jingshu, the governor of Xiliang, to enter the "Brahman" tune. Its tune is named "Nishang Yuyi Dharma Song". "Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty memorized half of the fairy tune, and it happened that Xiliang presented the "Brahman" tune, so the two were combined into one. In addition, there is also a saying that Xuanzong polished the song. Volume 1 of Zhang Deying's "Ci Zheng": "During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, there was a dance of neon clothes and feather clothes, and the song "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Song" was composed by Yang Jingshu, the military governor of Xiliang, and Xuanzong polished it. Therefore, Wang Zhongchu's "Ni Clothes and Feather Clothes Song" and Taifu Bai "Songs of Nishang and Yuyi" are all written in chapters to record the events. "Volume 3 of Wang Zhuo's "Bi Ji Manzhi": "There are many different writers on "Songs of Nishang and Yuyi". The conclusion is that it was created by Xiliang and polished by Emperor Ming. , and it is also a good name. Others decorated with gods and monsters are not credible. "The theory of Youyue Palace and Wangxian Mountain is probably false, and there is no record in historical materials that Xuanzong polished and modified the songs presented by local places. Why does this statement appear? Hu Sansheng of the Yuan Dynasty explained it in the annotation of "Nishang Yuyi" in "Zizhi Tongjian" Volume 218 "Tang Ji Thirty-Four" "Su Zong Zhi De Yuan Zai": During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, Hexi Festival Du sent Yang Jing to present "The Song of Colorful Clothes and Feather Clothes" twelve times. All songs must have a sudden ending, but the ending of "Neon Shang Yu Yi" slows down the sound. Legend has it that the emperor visited the Moon Palace and saw hundreds of Su'e dancing in the wide courtyard. The emperor recorded the song and compiled it into "Dance of Colorful Clothes and Feather Clothes", which is not true. [Based on the above statement, "Nishang Yuyi Song" should be renamed from the "Brahman" song presented by Yang Jingshu, the governor of Xiliang during the Kaiyuan Dynasty. Xuanzong may not have participated in the creation, but the charming and moving title of "Nichang Yuyi" is likely to be He gave it. Regarding its palace tunes, Bai Juyi's "Songyang Guanyi Plays Nishang at Night": "The music left by the Kaiyuan Dynasty is desolate, and the tune of the autumn is Shang." It is considered to be a Shang tune. The aforementioned "Yuefu Poems" Volume 80 also mentions that "Brahman", the predecessor of "Nishang Yuyi Song", is a Shang tune. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty once proposed the theory of "Tao Diao" in "Music Rhythm 1", Volume 5 of "Mengxi Bi Tan". Jiang Kui of the Southern Song Dynasty questioned it in the small preface of "The First Preface to the Colorful Clothes" in Volume 3 of "Baishi Taoist Song Collection": " There are also eighteen pieces of Shang tune "Ni Shang" in Yue Gong's book, all of which are composed without words. According to Shen's music rhythm, this is the Shang tune of "Ni Shang". It is pointed out that there is no Dao Tiao Gong in Dharma music. "Dao Tiao" is the name of the music, not Gong Tiao. Regarding its structure, Bai Juyi's "Early Departure to Dongting for Composition in a Boat": "We have traveled fifteen miles out of Guo, but there is only one piece of slow neon clothes." It talks about the performance of neon clothes and feather clothes among the people. We can infer that it was performed in the palace. The structure of the performance is vast. Bai Juyi's "Song of Colorful Clothes and Feather Clothes (Heweizhi)" describes how this song was performed during the reign of Emperor Xianzong, with 6 prefaces, 18 middle prefaces, and 12 sections. The aforementioned "New Book of Tang" Volume 21 states that its length is "twelve times". In addition, "Shuo Yong Three Kinds" records Tang Dynasty Que Ming's "Orchestral Notes" saying: ""Nishang Yuyi Song" has thirteen times, the first six times are not beat, and the seventh time is called iteration." Shen Kuo said in "Nishang Yuyi Song". This statement was adopted in "Mengxi Bi Tan". It may be that the counting method is different, or the structure of the performance may have changed in different historical periods, which is difficult to confirm.
One of Wang Jian's "Ten Poems on Dance Songs and Colorful Clothes": "Leave one color among the disciples, and listen to the wind and water to make neon clothes. I didn't teach until I saw the emperor in front of his bed." Narrating the guidance of Liyuan disciples under Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty The scene below is the performance of "The Song of Colorful Feather Clothes". The "sansheng" should refer to the preface of "Nishang Yuyi Song". Reflections can also be found in Bai Juyi's "Song of Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes": "The clothes have not been moved during the six prefaces of the San Preface, and the clouds on the balcony are lingering but not flying." His own note: "There are no beats in the six prefaces of the San Preface, so there is no dancing." About Ni Clothes We can also learn about the performance of Yuyi Song from Bai Juyi's "Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes Song": "In the middle preface, the drum begins to shoot, and in autumn the bamboo poles crack and the spring ice breaks." His own note: "In the middle preface, the shooting begins, and also Famous beat preface. "Also: "The complex sound is urgent twelve times." Self-note: ""The Song of Colors" ends twelve times. "Also:" The flying luan dances but its wings are closed, and the song of the crane ends with a long sound. "Self-note: "At the end of all the songs, the beats are accelerated, but at the end of "Ni Shang", there is a long introduction. "The instrumental music used in the French song is mainly traditional silk and bamboo music. 》It should be based on traditional musical instruments. The specific musical instruments involved in the poem include chime, Xiao, Zheng, Di, Konghou, Su, Sheng, Pipa, Qin, etc. Moreover, this piece can be played with a multi-instrument ensemble or as a solo instrument. The one that involves the most musical instruments is Bai Juyi's "Song of Neon Clothes and Feather Clothes (Hewei Zhi)": "The chimes, Xiao, Zheng and Flute are passed by each other, and the sound of the strings and strings is meandering." Zi's ??note says: "At the beginning of the music, all the music was uneven, and only the metal, stone, silk, and bamboo sounded one after another. The same was true at the beginning of the preface to "Neon Shang"." The musical instruments mentioned are: qing, xiao, zither, flute, harp, and harp. Millet, Sheng. The most mentioned use of sheng for playing: Bai Juyi's "Lying and Listening to French Music and Colorful Clothes": "The golden chime and the jade sheng have been tuned for a long time, and I often fall asleep late with a pillow on the corner of my gum." Qing and sheng are mentioned. Bai Juyi's "Meng De De New Poems": "Tonight on the pond, the wind and moon are cool, and I have free time to teach young music how to dress. When new words come to Jixian Palace, they play Sheng songs to make music." It is mentioned that this song was played with Sheng. Bai Juyi's "Prince Jin Temple": "The moon is bright on the mountain in front of Zijin Temple, and people often hear the sheng being played at night. When the Luan chants and the phoenix sings, there is no beat, and it is more like the prelude of colorful clothes." Sheng is also used. Liu Yuxi's "Autumn Night Anguo Watching and Hearing the Sheng": "The moon is full of dew and the people in the courtyard are silent, and a song of colorful clothes is played in the high building." Still playing with the Sheng. In addition, there are also those played with pipa and flute: Bai Juyi's "Pipa Yin Bing Preface": "Initially Nishang Hou Liuyao" is played with pipa.