Yu Jiaxi is the authority of bibliography in China. The book Discrimination of Four Treasures of the Study consists of 24 volumes and 490 articles, including four subsets of classics and history, with about 800,000 words. It is an indispensable classic for studying ancient books and academic history. Scholars will get twice the result with half the effort if they can make full use of their books.
Chai Degeng attaches great importance to dialectics. In Twenty-four Histories, Yu Jiaxi made twelve kinds of differentiation of syndromes, and most of his academic achievements were quoted by Chai Degeng's Summary of Historical Records. However, Chai Degeng failed to find the subtlety of Yu Jiaxi's textual research in the article "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty". The Book of the Later Han Dynasty consists of ten volumes and eighty volumes of Biography by Ye Fan and thirty volumes of Continued Han Annals by Sima Biao. Regarding the time of the merger, the Summary of Siku holds that "it was Song Ganxing's early judgment that imperial academy Sun Ying suggested collating, so that Sima Biao's continued Han record and Shu Fan were combined into one series." However, according to the textual research of Yu Jiaxi's Summary of Four Treasures of the Study, it is believed that Sun Ying's merger proposal was recorded and passed down by Liu Zhao's annotation and Prince Zhang Huai's annotation, while Sima Biao's annotation and Shu Fan's annotation had already merged in Liu Zhao. The merger of Sima Biao's Top Gun and Shu Fan, Top Gun of Liu Zhao and The Biography of Prince Zhang Huai are two different things and cannot be confused. However, the Biography of Historical Records and Huo Zhi here still follows the mistakes in the Summary and ignores them.
Of course, the content of dialectics is not impeccable. Looking through dialectics, I think the following three points need to be discussed:
1. Not paying enough attention to the directory. Dialectics has 490 abstracts, including 465,438+07 abstracts, 765,438+0 abstracts and 2 prefaces. If the editing style of the abstract is so-called vulgar fallacy, only the title of the book is retained and the notes are abridged, which is called keeping the purpose. Now the records are preserved, but the books in the catalogue are gone. Fortunately, with the catalogue, we can get a glimpse of its outline. Therefore, we should pay attention to the recorded books just like the recorded books. There are twice as many books in the Abstract as recorded, but the abstract of Yu Jiaxi's Dialectics is only 7 1 article, which is one seventh of the length of Dialectics.
2. Not paying enough attention to temples. There are two versions of the abstract: the classic version and the folded version. Temples are not common, but the most important thing in the world is Zhejiang, which is engraved all over the country. Although the Zhejiang edition is reprinted according to the Temple Edition, it has considerable similarities and differences with the original edition. Yu Jiaxi used Dianben to solve doubts, such as the article in Dongguan Han Ji, to prove a clerical error, while Yu Jiaxi used Dianben and Geben as a contrast. However, Yu Jiaxi's textual research on "Abstract" is based on the original text of Zhejiang, and there are even several points that need not be distinguished. For example, Sui Shu's articles, such as the official list of past dynasties, are correct in summary in Temple Edition, which is ignored by dialectics.
3. Most of the editions mentioned by Yu Jiaxi are recorded according to relevant public and private bibliographies, and there is no personal description. For example, Yu Jiaxi didn't see the original version of Er Ya Zhu Shu, but he quoted other people's words to prove it. Of course, people like Yu Jiaxi can do it, not only to avoid the ridicule of "seeing the name but not the book", but also to fully affirm it. But the ancient books have been lost, so this method is superior. If ancient books still exist, this method is bound to be flawed. For example, in The Book of Rites of Trang Van, according to Chen Yi's classics and postscript, Yu Jiaxi decided that it was originally sixteen volumes, not the so-called thirty volumes in the Summary. In fact, the ten volumes of this edition were merged by Fang Jia during the Hongzhi period of the Ming Dynasty. Due to many mistakes, Jiajing to Jiajing handed down 30 volumes, but it was also wrong for Yu Jiaxi not to know that 30 volumes survived.
Nevertheless, it is better to take dialectics and similar books. Hu Yugan, a contemporary of Yu Jiaxi, corrected 2388 kinds of books in the Summary of the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, involving more than four times as many kinds as dialectics, which is especially valuable for more than 1000 kinds of books that Yu Jiaxi has never dialectical. However, for the same book and the same question, Hu Shi is not as complete as Yu Jiaxi's Cai Zhen's book, and his judgment is naturally not as precise and accurate as Yu Jiaxi's.
More importantly, Yu Jiaxi further said: "The catalogue book is actually an academic history." In this way, in Yu Jiaxi's hands, bibliography is not only the study of books, but also climbed to a higher level of historical research through "seeking books by category and learning from books". For example, the article "Summary" in the Book of Changes talks about the prevalence of Wang Bi's Yi-ology and the decline of Zheng Xuan's Yi-ology. It is believed that dialectics did not take it seriously after the implementation of the Book of Changes. It is believed that "chastity and wisdom have been neglected for 300 years, while Zheng Xue has been ignorant for decades." Today, it is extravagant talk and pleasure to attribute the abandonment of various schools to the journey of righteousness, but it has not been tested by historical facts. Another example is Biography of Poetry, which not only corrects and explains the mistakes, but also reveals the reasons for Zhu's change of view on Preface of Poetry. Another example is the Five Classics, among which Zhang Shen is a famous Confucian. However, his book "Dividing by itself and unifying by God" is not enough for training. This shows that "the Tang Dynasty lacked character learning. "Other articles, such as The Book of Changes, History of the East View, Preface to Primary School, etc., are magnificent and magnificent. The context of academic development is inevitable. Although these pages are between collation and textual research, they have risen to a higher level of historical research through "seeking books by category and studying by books"
Yu Jiaxi's Ku He Zhongshu re-examines the origin of some statements through dialectical analysis of a large number of ancient books and documents, and establishes or dispels some historical facts by tracing back to the source, so as to establish the correct path for the development of ancient academic thoughts. Once textual research is placed in such a problem consciousness and pursuit goal, abstract dialectical analysis is no longer a so-called "trivial and fragmentary" textual research, but a university question of "distinguishing chapters and learning, examining mirrors" Therefore, The Minutes of History is not only a reference book for future reference, but also an academic history book which is not systematic but can express its own opinions.