The rhyme of ancient poetry is generally based on "Pingshui Yun" written by Liu Yuan of the Southern Song Dynasty. The rhyme of "Pingshui Yun" is as follows:
1. Pingshui Rhyme
(1) Shangping
Yidong, Erdong, Sanjiang, Sizhi, Wuwei, Liuyu, Qiyu, Baqi, Jiujia, Shihui, Elevenzhen, Twelve Wen, Shi Three yuan, fourteen cold, fifteen delete.
(2) Xiaping
Yixian, Erxiao, Sanyao, Sihao, Wuge, Liuma, Qiyang, Bageng, Jiuqing, Shizheng, Eleven You, twelve invasion, thirteen tan, fourteen salt, fifteen salt.
2. Flat rhyme
(1) Shang Tone
Yidong, Erzhuang, Sandao, Sizhi, Wuwei, Liuyu, Qiqiu , eight chestnuts, nine crabs, ten bribes, eleven cents, twelve kisses, thirteen ruan, fourteen droughts, fifteen cents, sixteen millimeters, seventeen Xiao, eighteen clever, nineteen hao, twenty kou, Twenty-one horses, twenty-two breeds, twenty-three stems, twenty-four horses, twenty-five you, twenty-six sleeps, twenty-seven senses, twenty-eight horses, and twenty-nine beasts.
(2) Qusheng
Yisu, Er Song, San Jiang, Si Zhi, Wu Wei, Liu Yu, Qi Yu, Ba Ji, Jiu Tai, Shi Gua, Shi One team, twelve shocks, thirteen questions, fourteen wishes, fifteen Hans, sixteen admonitions, seventeen slugs, eighteen whistles, nineteen effects, twenty numbers, twenty-one, twenty-two 祃, two Thirteen waves, twenty-four respects, twenty-five paths, twenty-six exhortations, twenty-seven qins, twenty-eight surveys, twenty-nine beauties, and thirty traps.
(3) Entering the sound
One house, two fertile, three awakenings, four qualities, five things, six months, seven days, eight cunning, nine crumbs, ten medicines, ten One mo, twelve tin, thirteen positions, fourteen Ji, fifteen together, sixteen leaves, seventeen Qia.
"Chinese New Rhyme" was published by the Chinese Poetry Society in 2010. The rhyme is as follows:
1. The basis for rhyme division: Mandarin
Rhyme division Using Mandarin as the basis for pronunciation and the phonetic notation of "Xinhua Dictionary" as the basis for pronunciation, the 35 finals of Hanyu Pinyin are divided into 14 rhymes: Mapo is Kaiwei Haoyou, Hanwen Tang Geng Qi Zhigu. In order to facilitate memory, two seven-character rhymes can be used to represent the 14 rhymes: Chinese poetry opens a new year for the country, and Jiang Tao writes jade chapters.
2. The standard for dividing rhyme parts: same body and same rhyme
The rhyme part is divided according to the "Hanyu Pinyin" notation. The finals can be divided into three parts: rhyme head, rhyme belly and rhyme tail.
The parts i, u, and ü at the beginning of the final are called rhyme; the vowel part after the final is the main part of the pronunciation of the final, such as a in ua, e in ei, and iou o is called the ventral part; the consonant part after the ventral part, namely n and ng, is called the final part. The full name of the rhyme belly and rhyme ending is the rhyme body.
Some finals have no rhyme, only rhyme body. Some finals have no final rhyme, and the belly is the body. Obviously, words with the same rhyme and body, and the same pronunciation and ending, sound harmonious and unified, so they rhyme.
The so-called "same body and same rhyme" means that words with the same rhyme and body are placed in the same rhyme part. In this way, the phonological division has clear and operable standards and scales, thus establishing it on a scientific basis. Taking into account the specific situation of using English letters in Chinese Pinyin, some specific adjustments have been made when determining "Tongshen".
Use the "Phonetic Alphabet" to notate the phonetic sounds. The rhyme end is called the medial vowel. There is no rhyme ending, and the rhyme final is the rhyme body. The same vowels naturally mean the same rhyme, and the same rhymes with the same body are even more natural.
3. Principle of distinguishing between flat and oblique: only differentiate between oblique and oblique, not entering tones
The characters in each rhyme part pronounced as Yin Ping or Yang Ping are flat tones; the characters are pronounced as upper tones. , characters with falling tones are oblique tones. There is no need to distinguish the entering tone characters. In this way, each rhyme part is actually naturally divided into two parts: flat tone and oblique tone. For words that use the rhyme rhyme, use the oblique tone when using the new rhyme.
In order to make it more convenient when using "Pingshui Yun" at the same time, the original Ru Ting characters contained in the Ping Tone characters of the rhyme part are marked after each rhyme part. The original input characters in the oblique part are no longer marked.
4. The attribution of polyphonic words: the pronunciation is determined at will, and the rhyme is assigned according to the pronunciation.
For polyphonic words, they belong to the corresponding rhymes according to their different pronunciations. When used, the pronunciation of the word is determined based on its specific meaning in the sentence, thereby determining the rhyme part to which it belongs and its level and oblique division.
Extended information:
The history of rhyme compilation into books
1. Lu Fayan's "Qie Yun" in the Sui Dynasty is divided into 193 rhyme parts.
2. In the early Tang Dynasty, Xu Jingzong proposed merging and revising the rhyme books. In the 20th year of Kaiyuan of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (732 AD), Sun Wei compiled "Tang Yun" (the original book has been lost), which is an expanded version of "Qie Yun". The book has 5 volumes and 195 rhyme parts. , is the same as the earlier "Qie Yun" written by Wang Renzhen, and its upper and lower tones have one more rhyme section than Lu Fayan's "Qie Yun".
3. "Revisiting Guangyun in the Song Dynasty" ("Guangyun") compiled by Chen Pengnian of the Northern Song Dynasty is subdivided into 206 rhymes on the basis of "Qieyun". However, the sub-rhymes of "Qie Yun" and "Guang Yun" were too trivial. Later, there was a "same use" regulation, allowing people to combine and use adjacent rhymes.
4. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Yuan, a native of Pingshui, Jiangbei, wrote the "Rhymes of Renzi New Issue of the Ministry of Rites", which merged the same rhymes into 107 rhymes. His book has been lost and can only be obtained from Huang Gongshao and Huang Gongshao in the early Yuan Dynasty. Xiong Zhong's book "Ancient and Modern Yunhui Jue" has some general information.
In 1223, Pingshui, Shanxi Province (Pingshui is a township-level administrative district affiliated with Jiangzhou on Hedongnan Road, Jin Dynasty), Jin Dynasty official Wang Wenyu wrote "Pingshui Xinkan Rhyme Brief", which contains 106 rhymes.
6. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Yin Shifu wrote "Yunfu Qunyu" and designated the 106-rhyme version as "Pingshui Yun".
7. After the Ming Dynasty, literati continued to use 106 rhyme.
8. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, due to taboos (the name of the Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty - Aixinjueluo Yongyan), "Yan" was changed to "Jian".
9. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, "Pei Wen Shi Yun", "Pei Wen Yun Fu", and "Shi Yun He Bi" compiled by later generations combined "Ping Shui Yun" into 106 rhymes, ** *Contains 9504 Chinese characters, and the entire rhyme table uses traditional Chinese characters (traditional Chinese characters) to facilitate readers' search. This is the widely circulated Pingshui rhyme.
10. In 2001, fragments of the ancient rhyme book "Composition Rhymes" were unearthed from the grottoes in the northern area of ??Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. An abbreviated version of the early "Guangyun" with 206 rhymes.
11. In 2004, the Chinese Poetry Society believed and proposed that "advocate the present to understand the past, and run two parallel tracks; the present should not be used in the past, and lenient should not be strict." The four rhyme guidelines for poetry creation were re-edited in "Pingshui Yun". And included in "Chinese New Rhythm", it is convenient for readers to carry and use.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Pingshui Rhyme
Baidu Encyclopedia - Chinese New Rhyme