9000 years ago, settled villages appeared in Central Africa.
3 1 century ago, Narmer unified upper Egypt and lower Egypt and became the first Pharaoh.
Before the 27th century, Egypt began to build the Great Pyramid.
Before 2 1 century, the Middle Kingdom of Egypt began.
1350 years ago, Egyptian Pharaoh Okhennathan introduced the worship of the sun.
Before 1085, the new kingdom of Egypt ended.
Before 8 14, the Carthaginians established the Phoenician colony.
332 years ago, Alexander the Great conquered Egypt.
Before 323, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt was established.
255 years ago, the Roman Empire invaded Africa.
146 years ago, Rome conquered Carthage.
3 1 years ago, Cleopatra VII committed suicide, the Ptolemaic dynasty fell, and Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Empire.
In 600, the Kingdom of Ghana was founded.
1067, Hade, Aarmo, Ghana.
1300, the empire of Benin (now Nigeria) was established.
1340, the Sanghai Empire was established.
1390, the Kingdom of Congo was founded.
144 1 year, Portugal began to export slaves from West Africa and started the slave trade.
The colonization of Africa by European powers began in 14 15, and Ceuta was occupied by Portugal (European countries still occupy some small islands in Africa, such as French reunion island). After the United States broke away from British colonial rule, it also began to colonize other weak countries and regions, including Africa.
The peak of African colonial power was from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century. About 95% of Africa's territory was occupied by foreign powers, and only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent. 1947 African colonies began to become independent one after another, and the year of African independence (1960) symbolized the end of the African colonial era.
Extended data:
With a total area of about 30 million square kilometers, Africa is the second largest continent in the world after Asia. Africa is also the only continent that is divided by the equator and located in the eastern, western, southern and northern hemispheres. The northernmost and southernmost parts of the continent are almost equal to the equator. ?
At the northeast end of Africa, there is a Suez Canal with a length of 163 km, which separates it from Asia (in geopolitics, the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt east of the Suez Canal is sometimes regarded as a part of Africa); To the north is the Mediterranean Sea, facing Europe across the sea.
Three quarters of Africa lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, and the equator passes through it. The places where the annual average temperature is above 20℃ account for about 95% of the whole continent, and more than half of them are hot all year round, and nearly half of them have hot and warm seasons and warm and cool seasons. The climate is generally warm and hot, characterized by high temperature, little rain and dryness, and the distribution of climatic zones is symmetrical in north and south.
The equator passes through the center, and with the increase of latitude, the climate generally decreases from the equator. The annual average temperature in Daluoer in the northeast of Ethiopia is 34.5℃, which is one of the highest temperatures in the world.
In Aziziyah, south of Tripoli, the Libyan capital, the temperature measured in September 1922 was as high as 57.8℃, the highest temperature in Africa. Kilimanjaro is located near the equator, but because of its high altitude, the top of the mountain is covered with snow all year round.
The population of Africa is about 654.38+0.2 billion. At present, the fertility rate is very high, and the fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa remains at 4.6. The United Nations and non-governmental organizations have warned that if the population growth is not controlled, it may face great difficulties in the future. It is predicted that by 2 100, the population of Africa will at least triple, reaching 3 1 100 million or even 5.7 billion.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Africa