Ancient teaching in China was divided into traditional Chinese studies and rural studies. Chinese studies are located in the city, Chinese studies are located in the suburbs, and Chinese studies are divided into universities and primary schools. Before Confucius, college courses had always been four courses: poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music, while primary schools and rural schools taught six courses: etiquette, music, archery (driving), calligraphy (calligraphy) and mathematics (arithmetic). The following is what I have brought to you to appreciate the Book of Rites. Welcome to reading.
Appreciation of shooting ceremony in The Book of Rites is not only a school course, but also a etiquette that scholar-officials in Zhou Dynasty must master. There are two records about shooting ceremony in Yili: the shooting ceremony in the countryside is a ceremony for the governor to learn shooting from the people in the state during the Spring and Autumn Period, while the shooting ceremony is a ceremony for the governors and ministers to learn shooting; Every vassal should have a courtesy before shooting, and there should be a drinking ceremony in rural areas before shooting, so it also involves two articles, Yan Li and the drinking ceremony in rural areas, which are very complicated. There is an essay "The Meaning of Shooting Rites" in the Book of Rites, which is short and pithy, which helps modern people to grasp and understand the fundamental spirit of shooting rites from the overall situation. Next, let's take a look at the article "The Book of Rites". Through this article, we can know that the shooting ceremony, as a kind of competition, can completely rival the Greek Olympic spirit; As a kind of etiquette, the humanistic spirit contained in it is far beyond the comparison of Japanese artificial archways.
Later, Confucius published Zhouyi and Chunqiu, two courses that only monarchs and imperial teachers could master, which expanded the university curriculum into a brand-new collection of "Six Arts" of "Poetry, Calligraphy, Rites, Music, Yi, Chunqiu". After comparison, we can find that the six arts in primary schools and rural schools focus on skills, while the six arts in universities focus on culture.
When the ancient princes were shot, there must be Yan Li first; The shooting of the Qing dynasty, doctors and scholars must be preceded by the ceremony of country wine. Therefore, Yan Li, therefore, understands the righteousness of Chen Jun; The ceremony of drinking in rural areas, so the order of old and young is also very clear. Therefore, the shooter must be polite when advancing and retreating, straight inside and straight outside, and then hold a bow and arrow to judge firmly; Hold a bow and arrow to examine the solid, and then it can be said that this can be a virtue.
The shooting ceremony here simply includes the big shooting ceremony and the rural shooting ceremony, which were held after Yan Li and the rural drinking ceremony respectively. The ancients actually filled their stomachs before competing. Here, "advance and retreat must be polite, straight inside and straight outside, and then judge with a bow and arrow" is the main point of archery, but it means that different people can see each other and be a gentleman, so you can keep morality.
Its festival: the son of heaven takes "worry" as the festival; Princes take "Beaver Head" as a festival; Dr. Qing takes "picking apples" as the festival; Scholars regard "vegetable rice" as a festival. Li Yu was written by Yue Guanbei, and Beaver Head was written by Yue Guanbei. People who "pick apples" are willing to obey the law; Those who use many works are happy not to neglect their duties. Therefore, the son of heaven takes the preparation of officials as a festival; The princes regarded the emperor's meeting as a festival; Doctor Qing regards obeying the law as a festival; A scholar should not neglect his duty. Therefore, if you are clear about your ambition, if you don't lose it, you will succeed. If you stand on virtue, there will be no XX disaster. Success brings national security.
This paragraph says that when shooting arrows, the movements should conform to the rhythm of the music. At the same time, according to different identities, the soundtrack is also different. On the surface, the "festival" here means rhythm, but in fact it means etiquette and key. Shooting ceremony shows the following spirit through different soundtracks: the key to being a good son of heaven is the order of a hundred officials; The key to a vassal is to report to the emperor on time the national economy and people's livelihood. The key to being a big doctor is to abide by the law and discipline, and the key is to be conscientious. Therefore, if you understand your ambition, you can ensure that you will stick to your virtues while completing your work; Everyone can stick to virtue and naturally nothing will happen.
Therefore: shooter, so morality is also. Therefore, the ancient emperors all chose princes, ministers, doctors and scholars by shooting. Shooter is a man's business, so it is decorated with rites and music. The story is full of rituals and music, but it can be counted as taking Lide as a walker and not shooting, so the holy king does nothing.
This passage tells us that we can observe everyone's virtue through shooting ceremony; By observing everyone's virtue, we can select talents. Archery is a man's competition, and it becomes a shooting ceremony with rites and music. Therefore, shooting ceremony is a kind of competition, and it also contains the spirit of ceremony and music; Therefore, it is possible to rank one, two and three when shooting a ceremony; You can also observe a person's virtue through shooting ceremony. Therefore, shooting ceremony has also become an important reference for selecting talents in ancient times-this is much more reasonable than investigating drinking and selecting talents.
It was the system of ancient emperors. At the age of 20, the ministers presented Gong Shi to the emperor, and the emperor tried to shoot at the palace. Its content is more than ceremony, its festivals are more than music, and most of them are used for sacrifice. Its content is not better than ceremony, its festivals are not better than music, and fewer and fewer people should not be sacrificed. Count and sacrifice, and you will celebrate; Counting doesn't mean sacrificing, but you have to let go. There are many celebrations and many benefits; Cut the ground when you have some concessions.
This paragraph says that the princes pay tribute to the son of heaven every year. The son of heaven used this time to inspect the archery of the princes. Only those with coordinated movements and high hit rate can have the opportunity to participate in the annual large-scale sacrifice ceremony with the son of heaven, and vice versa. If you are selected for several years in a row, there will be awards; If you lose the election for several years in a row, there will be accountability. Multiple rewards will increase the fief; If you are held accountable for many times, you will also be cut off. Therefore, shooting is directly related to the vital interests, so the governors at that time must practice shooting righteousness very seriously.
So the shooter is also a vassal. Therefore, princes and ministers are determined to shoot and learn etiquette and music. Husband, monarch and minister learn etiquette and music, and take refugees as their subjects. Therefore, "Poetry" said: "Hou Shi, great-grandson, has four positives; Doctor, they are all ordinary people, small and big, at your disposal, and Yan is famous for shooting. " It is said that both the monarch and the ministers are committed to shooting and are willing to learn etiquette and music, so that they can be safe and have a good reputation. The emperor did it, and the vassals didn't care. The reason why the emperor raised a vassal, but the soldiers didn't need it, was because the vassal was right.
In this passage, it is precisely because of this selection system that the princes and ministers of various vassal States will seriously practice shooting and have fun by shooting. Only in this way can the country be stable. You should know that in the era of cold weapons, bows and arrows are very effective weapons for soldiers to fight against the enemy. Combining archery with ritual music as a ceremony and taking it as an important parameter of the selection system can effectively mobilize the rulers to practice archery. By practicing martial arts and ritual music, a country with both civil and military skills is naturally stable. Next, the article quotes the Book of Songs to further explain that shooting ceremony can create a stable and United environment and cultivate the honor values of princes and literati, so the son of heaven trains princes through shooting ceremony instead of solving problems through war.
Confucius shot at the Xiangyuan Garden, covering the viewer like a wall. As for Sima, Luz took an arrow with a bow and said, "Your general, the doctor of national subjugation, has nothing to do with the future, and the rest has nothing to do with the future." Half-covered and half-covered. It is also the autumn of officials and servants, and the autumn sun of officials and servants says: "Young and strong, filial, filial, not vulgar, cultivate one's morality for death, no, it is also here." Cover half and put half. The preface also praised: "Those who study tirelessly and keep good manners praise those who will not be chaotic in the future. No, this is also the case." Cover only exists.
There is a particularly interesting passage to the effect that Confucius practiced shooting and all the people who came to watch the ceremony surrounded a wall. Then announced the discipline: first, disloyalty and unfilial are not allowed to watch, and the result is half gone; Second, only those who respect the old and love the young can see that they are on the way; Third, those who are eager to learn and make progress can have a look. They are already halfway there. Three subjects are finished, and there are not many people left. According to historical records, Confucius not only learned culture well, but also learned shooting and bending.
Shoot for the speaker, or give up. Deduction, each deduces his own ambition. So calm down and look at the bow and arrow; If you hold a bow and arrow, you will shoot it. Therefore, a father thinks he is a father; A son thinks he is a son; If you are a monarch, you think you are a monarch; A minister thinks he is a minister. So, the shooter shoots his own fish.
This passage is a salute from a linguistic point of view. In this paper, shooting is interpreted as "deduction" and "abandonment". This "buckle" is next to the noose, which means to open the cocoon and sort out the mess. Any leads? It's nothing more than "the shooter shoots his own fish"-everyone shoots his own target-which means to take his place and do his job. What does another word "shed" mean? Archery, as a competition, participants must be eager to win. Here, the word "give up" is used to warn the shooter that goal awareness is important, but the gains and losses should not be too strong. King Chu Zhao lost his bow when he was hunting. He didn't look for it. He said: "The Chu people lost their bows and gained them. Why ask for it? " It was this "shed" that was put into the daily details and was praised by Confucius.
So the son of heaven shoots big, that is, shooting Hou; He who shoots Hou is also a vassal. Shoot it, then the princes; If you miss, you can't be a vassal. The son of heaven must sacrifice, and he must learn to shoot Ze first. Zezhe, that's why the draft is only. Shoot all the time in jersey, and then in the palace. The shooter was sacrificed; Those who fail should not be sacrificed. Don't give up sacrifices and cut land; It celebrates with admirers and is good for the land. Promotion is also a disgrace.
In this passage, the big shooting ceremony of the son of heaven, also known as shooting Hou, was shot to select governors. Before the sacrifice, the son of heaven first auditioned in the philosophers by practicing shooting, and then let the winners practice shooting with the philosophers. Winners are rewarded with titles and fiefs, while losers are punished in three different degrees, that is, they are not allowed to participate in sacrifices, accept accountability and reduce fiefs.
Therefore, the boy is born, and the mulberry arc is six, so as to shoot heaven and earth. Everything in the world is human. Therefore, you must be interested in everything first, and then you dare to use the valley. Rice is also called rice.
As mentioned above, shooting ceremony is a man's sport. Therefore, according to the custom, when a person is born, he should use mulberry branches to complete a bow, cut into six arrows with mugwort leaves, and shoot arrows in six directions in the southeast, northwest and sky respectively. Because these six directions represent the places that men are determined to reach when they grow up. After the six-party shooting ceremony, the family and relatives who came to congratulate can have dinner.
Shooter, the way of benevolence is also. Shoot it yourself and send it when it's right. If you miss it, you won't blame yourself, but ask for more happiness. Confucius said, "If a gentleman has no dispute, he will shoot it! Let it go up, you can drink it, and it is also a gentleman. " Confucius said, "Why did the shooter shoot? Why do you want to listen? Those who follow the sound without losing their integrity are talented! If the husband is an unworthy person, then he can take advantage? "
Here, the article raises the shooting ceremony to the level of "benevolence". The so-called benevolent shooting is to observe your heart by practicing shooting. Before shooting, correct yourself before shooting. Shooting is good, but if you miss, you won't blame those who are better than yourself, but look for reasons from yourself. Then, I quoted two sentences from Confucius about shooting: in the first paragraph, a gentleman does not practice shooting for the sake of being competitive, but if he must practice shooting, he will treat him with courtesy, and even if he struggles, he will strive for fairness; The second paragraph says that if you practice shooting seriously, how can you miss? How can you shoot without practicing shooting seriously?
The poem says, "Send what you have and pray for the Lord." Pray, beg also; Seeking to resign from China. Therefore, drinkers support the elderly, therefore, support the sick; Those who seek to resign midway will resign.
The poem says: "Archery should hit the bull's-eye, but not to win wine." Because wine can keep you healthy, refusing to drink shows that you are still strong. You should leave the wine to those who need it.
China's traditional culture is extensive and profound. Learning archery can not only strengthen the body and strengthen the will, but also be familiar with etiquette and music and cultivate the mind. We should inherit the spirit of shooting ceremony and carry it forward.
;