Nutritional value of oats
Nutrition and health care are the basic requirements of contemporary people for diet, and oats, as the best completely nutritious food in cereals, can meet these two needs. Robert (1985), a famous American grain scientist, pointed out at the second international oat congress: "Compared with other cereals, oats have anti-lipid components, high water-soluble colloids and balanced nutrition, which is of great value for improving human health."
According to the analysis of food composition by Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene of China Academy of Medical Sciences, the contents of protein and fat in naked oats are the first (see table), especially the contents of eight amino acids essential for human body in protein are basically the first. It is particularly worth mentioning that the lysine content with the function of strengthening intelligence and bones is more than twice that of rice and wheat flour. Tryptophan to prevent anemia and alopecia is also higher than rice and wheat flour. Fat content is particularly rich, rich in a lot of unsaturated fatty acids. According to the analysis results of the analysis center of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the linoleic acid content in naked oats accounts for 38. 1%~52.0% of the total fat. 50g naked oats are equivalent to the main components of 10~ 15 Pill Yishouning and Maitong. Oleic acid accounts for 30%~40% of unsaturated fatty acids. The released heat and calcium content are also higher than other grains. In addition, phosphorus, iron and vitamin B2 are also rich. Oats also contain saponins not found in other grains, which can combine with plant fiber to absorb bile acid, promote the conversion of cholesterol in the liver into bile acid and excrete it with feces, and indirectly reduce serum cholesterol, so oats are known as healthy food.
Health care function of oats
Oat was not only a kind of hunger-resistant and cold-resistant food in ancient China, but also a kind of medicine. Ancient books in China recorded that oats can be used for breastfeeding and treating malnutrition in infants and the elderly. Chinese medicine believes that oats are sweet and flat, and can cure sweating.
In recent 20 years, China, the United States, Britain, Canada, Japan and other countries have confirmed that eating oats regularly can prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by hyperlipidemia, control non-insulin-dependent diabetes and treat obesity, and there are no toxic and side effects induced by any chemical drugs. At 1996, the fifth international oat congress, Constance pointed out: "Oats can reduce hyperlipidemia, regulate blood sugar and insulin, control weight and promote gastrointestinal health." The health functions of oats are summarized as follows.
(1) Hypolipidemic effect
Grut (1963) reported that oat had obvious effect on reducing serum cholesterol in newly weaned albino mice and 2/kloc-0 healthy young men. Among the 265,438+0 young men, the cholesterol decreased obviously after taking it for three weeks, but it returned to the original level after stopping using it for two weeks.
From 1983 to 1984, the experiments on chicks conducted by American Grain Research Institute and Welsh Plant Breeding Station in England proved that the total serum cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of chicks were significantly reduced after adding oat and oat gum (a kind of β-glucan, soluble fiber) to the feed for three weeks respectively. 1989, British, American and Canadian Diabetes Research Association reported that after three weeks, TC decreased from 2.80mg/ mL to 2.26mg/mL, and LDL-C decreased from 1.90mg/mL to 1.49mg/mL, with good results.
During the period of 1985, 20 hospitals in Beijing organized a clinical comparative observation on the curative effect of oats on patients. The results showed that oat can obviously reduce serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and β-lipoprotein (β-LP), and increase serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to a certain extent, and the effect of reducing blood lipid is very obvious, but it is effective for secondary hypertriglyceridemia. The mechanism of action is generally believed that about half of the lipid-lowering effect is due to high unsaturated fatty acids in oats, and the other half is due to non-fat parts, mainly non-starch polysaccharides. Therefore, oat is an ideal drug for reducing blood lipid, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke and other primary cardiovascular diseases in future clinical treatment and population prevention.
A large number of convincing data show that oats have a strong effect on controlling the increase of blood lipids, especially lowering cholesterol. Although some popular chemical synthetic lipid-lowering drugs have obvious lipid-lowering effects, they all have obvious side effects of liver swelling and weight gain, and even cause serious consequences of cancer if taken for a long time. The mortality rate of patients treated with these drugs increased by 2.7%, while oat has similar good lipid-lowering effect and can prevent the increase of blood lipid, which is safe and non-toxic for long-term use. Therefore, doctors and nutritionists are more in favor of eating oats to reduce blood fat and prevent arteriosclerosis.
(2) Cancer prevention
According to the records of traditional Chinese medical literature and international research reports on tumor suppression, there is the possibility of preventing canceration substances in wheat resources. At present, the research of oat inhibiting tumor has begun to take shape. It was observed that the animals that only ate oats had small tumor growth and long survival time, but they did not reach the standard of tumor inhibition rate of 30% and survival time extension rate of 50%, so they were considered active. However, this result and discovery are enough to prove that there are anticancer substances in oats. As for the effective components and mechanism of action, there is no report yet, and the research in this area needs to be further deepened.
(3) Anti-hyperviscosity and platelet aggregation
Oats also have anti-high blood viscosity and anti-platelet aggregation effects. The results showed that 6g oat flour could significantly reduce the plasma viscosity and whole blood viscosity of rats fed with high-fat diet at high shear rate and low shear rate, and significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen. Therefore, oat flour may have the function and efficacy of preventing thrombosis, and there is no relevant research report at present.
Control obesity
1993, a 39-year-old cake king in Washington, USA, weighed 150kg, with a TC of 3.24mg/mL. Usually, you can only stay in bed, and then eat 2~3 oatmeal cakes (whole oatmeal food, 25g each) every day according to the doctor's advice. After 3 months, my weight dropped to 125kg and TC to 1.75mg/mL. This shows that oats can prevent obesity.
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