Development of acupuncture and moxibustion

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the appearance of ironware provided a material basis for the reform of traditional medical devices. The appearance of iron needles gradually replaced bian stone. The first person to realize this reform was Bian Que, a great doctor in the Warring States Period. Bian Que Biography of Historical Records, Biography of Han Poems, Shuoyuan and other ancient books all recorded that master and apprentice used needles to sharpen stones and acupuncture to treat Prince Guo's "corpse syncope" (now called "shock" or suspended animation).

With the invention and application of fire, moxibustion and cauterization not only make a certain part of human body feel comfortable, but also relieve pain, resulting in a new treatment method. 1974 Two medical books of the Zhou Dynasty unearthed at Mawangdui No.3 in Changsha, namely Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Foot and Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Yin and Yang, mainly introduce moxibustion and cauterization. In Qing Dynasty, Hong said: "The ancient method of treating diseases used moxibustion to burn stone needles, and later generations offered moxa." That is to say. Moxibustion and cauterization first used burning stones to point acupoints, and later they were specially lit with moxa sticks. It was also Bian Que who initiated moxibustion. By the Han Dynasty, moxibustion and acupuncture had become necessary instruments for Chinese medicine. Folk doctors "hold the needle and hold the hand" (salt and iron theory) and practice medicine everywhere.

Since the Warring States Period in Bian Que, acupuncture has developed into an independent discipline. Its symbol is the finalization of acupoints and the emergence of acupuncture monographs. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Cang Gong, Yang Qing gave Cang Gong the Biography of the Yellow Emperor's Vein and Bian Que. The History of Hanshu Art and Literature consists of nine volumes of Bian Que Neijing and twelve volumes of Waijing. There are some hard-to-read classics in Yi Wen Zhi of Tang Dynasty, which are marked as "Written by Qin Yueren", and Qin Yueren is Bian Que. The ancient China physician's theory of writing books originated from Bian Que, but the Yellow Emperor's theory of writing books is not credible. The current classic medical works, such as Neijing and Neijing, are not necessarily Bian Que's original works, but they are reasonable after his collation and supplement. In Neijing and Difficult Classics, the the twelve meridians, Eight Strange Classics, Meridians and Acupoints of the human body and their distribution, acupuncture, moxibustion, acupuncture, moxibustion, moxibustion and other specific contents are recorded in detail, and the important role of meridians in "treating all diseases and regulating excess and deficiency" is pointed out. The theory of human meridian includes two parts: meridian system and acupoint system, which is the theoretical core of acupuncture.