The second step is to point out the purpose and essence behind it from the political and economic aspects, such as maintaining class rule and economic interests.
The third step is historical evaluation. Dialectically point out Japan's progressiveness and historical limitations, its role or influence at that time and later generations, and its role or influence at home and abroad.
The fourth step, experience and lessons. What theories can be drawn from historical facts to guide future generations?
Zuo Zhuan is the first chronological historical masterpiece in the history of China. There have been different opinions in academic circles about the author and the time of writing Zuo Zhuan, but many opinions lack strong basis. Judging from the lower limit of annotations, calligraphy and ideological tendency of Zuo Zhuan, Zuo Zhuan was not written by one person in his lifetime, as Gu pointed out: "Zuo Zhuan was not written by one person, so it can be said to be rich" (Record of the Day, Doubtful Books on the Internet in Spring and Autumn) Xu Zhongshu's point of view is that Zuo Zhuan As for its relatively specific time limit, it should be as Yang Bojun said: "Zuo Zhuan was written in 403 BC, after Wei Wei was the Hou, and 386 years before the king." (Preface to Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Annals, Zhonghua Book Company, 198 1 edition)
The book Zuo Zhuan systematically describes the history of the Spring Seconds period and traces back some historical fragments before the Spring and Autumn Period. The annotations in Zuo Zhuan are detailed, comprehensive, accurate and vivid, among which the military system and army building in the Spring and Autumn Period, especially the war at that time, are among the best in the pre-Qin classics. Therefore, the ancients once called it "The Book of Xiang Yan" (The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei, Volume XIII, Leading Fish and Wei Lue). In a sense, Zuo Zhuan is also a history of war and military dating. This nature determines that his schoolbag contains quite rich military thoughts. Therefore, Mr. Shuye Tong thinks that the author of Zuo Zhuan is "very interested in military affairs and seems to be better at the study of military strategists" (A Study of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, the author speculates that Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period). This is an objective and fair view. However, as Zuo Zhuan is a historical work, the military thought it reflects has its own characteristics compared with the military rational knowledge revealed in general military books or military works of various schools of thought. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, the military thought of Zuo Zhuan obviously has the attribute of social and military ideological trend, which reflects people's understanding of military issues at that time.
If Sun Tzu's Art of War or philosophers' works on Sun Tzu's Art of War mainly reflect the rational understanding of a strategist or philosopher, then the military thought of Zuo Zhuan more expresses the general understanding depth of most politicians, thinkers and militarists in society at that time. It is not individual, but has group significance. A comprehensive look at Zuo Zhuan's military thoughts is reflected by his descriptions of many wars and records of many people's military speeches, and it is a synthesis and generalization of scattered military rational understanding.