Together with the object it carries, it forms a prepositional structure (prepositional structure), which is generally used in front of the predicate as an adverbial to modify the predicate, or behind the predicate as a complement to supplement the predicate. Preposition structure can express the meaning of place, time, object, way, reason, comparison and so on.
This is the same in ancient and modern Chinese. The commonly used prepositions in classical Chinese are: Yu (Hu), Yi, Wei, Cong, Zi and Zai.
Among them, Yu, Yi and Wei are the most commonly used. The characteristics of classical Chinese prepositions are different from those of modern vernacular Chinese prepositions: First, classical Chinese prepositions are more mobile.
Apart from the word "Yu", there are almost two parts of speech: verbs and prepositions. To give a few examples: ① loyalty is unnecessary, and sages are unnecessary! Loyal people are not necessarily credible, and talented people are not necessarily useful! (1) b press its surface with a flat plate.
Press its surface with a flat plate. (2) The bus section is a ladder for me, and I must take the song.
("Public Loss") (The word "for" in front is gone, preposition; The last word "for", the upper voice, the verb. The ladder is like a funeral for me, and it will seize the song kingdom. )
(3) Fear of age. Li Sao (and, verbs, etc., meet) I'm afraid time can't meet my hopes. )
③ Yi Du and Meng De. (Battle of Red Cliffs) (and, preposition) I want to fight against Cao Cao. )
It is particularly important to note that some words are verbs in classical Chinese and are not blurred into prepositions. We should not mistake them for prepositions. For example, "Ba" and "Jiang" in the following two situations: ④ Holding a document is called "selling charcoal weng" (holding a document, claiming to be the emperor's order ...) ⑤ Taking Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the left and right commanders, the soldiers and equipment are combined with each other.
("Battle of Red Cliffs") (Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu were appointed as left and right governors, leading the army to join forces with Liu Bei to resist Cao Cao's army. Secondly, the object-object structure composed of prepositions in classical Chinese is more used as complement than in vernacular Chinese.
The preposition "Yu" is the purest, and this feature is also the most prominent. For example, the word "Yu" in Gong Bo Ji is used after the verb.
⑥ Mozi heard about it, starting from Shandong and going for ten days and ten nights. As for Ying. Hearing this, Mozi set out from Lu and walked for ten days and nights to Ying, the capital of Chu. )
⑦ There are more scenic spots than people. There are more places in Chu than people. )
Isn't Hu king? Why don't you introduce me to the king of Chu? Today, someone came ... (Now, there is a person here ...) The preposition "one" with an object means tools, methods, etc. , usually placed after the verb.
Fill it with oil and wrap it with a curtain. (Battle of Red Cliffs) It was filled with oil and covered with tents. )
? Why not give it a try? ("All done?" Why not try it with your feet? ) ? Meet Sean in private and tell him something. I met Sean privately and told him everything.
Because the object-object structure in classical Chinese is more used as complement than in vernacular Chinese, it is often necessary to translate complement into adverbial when translating into vernacular Chinese. Such as "starting from Shandong", "more than land", "less than people", "wrapped in curtains" and "try when you are enough"
Of course, some of them are translated into complements, such as "As for Ying". In a word, translation should conform to the habits of modern French.
Third, the usage of prepositions in classical Chinese is flexible. A preposition in classical Chinese is often equivalent to several prepositions in vernacular Chinese.
Look at the various meanings expressed by "Yu" and "Wei". (A) the preposition "Yu" 1.
On the surface, it is quite "in" in the vernacular. Like Yueyang Tower? .
It is engraved with Tang Xian's modern poems. The upstairs is engraved with the poems of Tang Xian and modern people. )
2。 Table time, quite vernacular "when" and "in".
For example, Historical Records? The Scholars: On the occasion of Wei and Xuan. (When Qi Weiwang and Wang Xuan lived. )
3。 The beginning and end of the table are equivalent to "from" and "to" in the vernacular.
Like Mozi? Public defeat: Zi Mozi heard that he set out from Shandong and walked for ten days and ten nights. Hearing this, Mozi set out from Lu and walked for ten days and nights.
) 4。 Table object is equivalent to "Xiang" or "Right" in the vernacular.
Such as "Purple Tongzhi Sword"? Battle of Red Cliffs: It is urgent. Ask General Sun for help. The military situation is critical. I request an order to ask General Sun for help. )
5。 Expressing the trend is equivalent to "giving" in the vernacular.
Such as "Zhuangzi? Yao allowed the world to be allowed. (Emperor Yao ceded the world to Xu You. )
6。 Tabby is equivalent to "bi" in vernacular Chinese.
Such as the Book of Rites? Tan Gong: The tyranny is fiercer than the tiger. Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger. )
7。 Passive expression is equivalent to "quilt" in vernacular Chinese.
Such as "Purple Tongzhi Sword"? Battle of Red Cliffs: I can't cite the whole State of Wu and hundreds of thousands of people and be subject to others. I can't take out all the land and 100 thousand troops of Wu State and let others control it. )
8。 Table range, quite vernacular "in".
Like Mozi? Public loss: there are more people in Jing country. There are many people and few people in Chu. )
(2) The preposition "Wei" 1. Passive expression is equivalent to "quilt" in vernacular Chinese.
Such as "Purple Tongzhi Sword"? Battle of Red Cliffs: Giants are mortal. In a distant county, they will be merged by others. (Wu Ju is an ordinary person, in a remote county, about to be annexed. )
2。 Table reason, quite vernacular "because (this)".
For example, Historical Records? Xiang Yu Chuan: More than 100,000 people entered the water, but the water did not flow. (More than 100,000 people of the Han army were forced into Suishui, and Suishui could not flow.
) 3。 Table substitution, quite vernacular "for" and "for".
Such as "Purple Tongzhi Sword"? Battle of Red Cliffs: Guaranteed to be breached by the general. (Promise to defeat Cao Jun as a general. )
4。 Telling the time is quite "when" in vernacular Chinese.
Such as the Spring and Autumn Annals of Yan Zi: Come for it. When he arrived. )
5。 Table objects are equivalent to "items" and "rights" in vernacular Chinese.
Such as "Peach Blossom Garden": It is not enough for outsiders to be humanitarian. It's not worth telling anyone outside. )
In addition, in classical Chinese, prepositions are often omitted, and so are the objects of prepositions. This is also the usage of prepositions in classical Chinese.
2. What are pronouns and prepositions in classical Chinese? 1. Like modern Chinese, prepositional objects in ancient Chinese are usually placed after prepositions, but there are also a few prepositions, mainly the object of "one", which are placed before prepositions because of the need of expression.
For example: (1) In terms of strength, Fangcheng of Chu is considered a city, and Hanshui is considered a pool. Although there are many people, it is useless. "Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Four Years" Volume Two Chu soldiers are equal.
The example of Shiji Dong Xiangyu Ji (1) means "Fangcheng is the city and Hanshui is the pool"; Example (2) means "take one as ten". There are also some fixed structures of pronouns and prepositions, such as "Shi Yi", "So", "Suo Cong", "Suo Zi" and "Suo Yu", which are also object-object structures of prepositional objects.
2. The object of prepositions in modern Chinese cannot be omitted. In ancient Chinese, the objects of prepositions such as "Yi, Wei, He and Cong" can sometimes be omitted, but the object of "Yu" can't. For example, the villain has a mother who has tasted the villain's food. Please leave it.
Mr. Zheng Boke in Zuo Zhuan is not ashamed, but he has the intention of taking responsibility for Xue. Warring States Policy: Feng Xuan's Visit to Meng Changjun 3. Grammatically, the preposition structure composed of "reason, action and subordination" in ancient Chinese is generally used as an adverbial, which is the same as that in modern Chinese, but the object-object structure of "Yu" is used as an adverbial, indicating the meaning of "right" and "about", and the rest (such as indicating place and time) are mostly used as complements; The word "one" is a tool in the object-object structure, and its way can be used as both an adverbial and a complement. In these respects, modern Chinese is generally expressed by adverbials.
In addition, the object-object structure in modern Chinese can also be used as an attribute (connecting with the masses), but not in ancient Chinese. For example, there is a kind of bird in the south named Meng dove, which uses feathers as its nest, but it is compiled with Xunzi's advice. shine on you is better than blue.
(ditto) We believe that the scope of prepositions should be strict, and only words whose action meaning is vague, which are not used as predicates alone, or whose meanings are obviously different when used as predicates can be counted as prepositions. Therefore, there are only a dozen prepositions in ancient Chinese, such as "Yu (Yu, Hu), Yi, Cause, You, Wei, Zi, Cong, Yu and He".
Here is a brief introduction to the complex and special usage of "Yu (Yu, Hu), Yi, Cause, Wei and He". First, Yu (yu, Hu) "Yu" and "Yu" are verbs.
The word "Yu" has different ancient sounds, but its usage as a preposition is the same. The main difference lies in the different characters used by different writers in different historical periods: in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, only "Yu" was used instead of "Yu", and some ancient books such as Zuozhuan and Xunzi in pre-Qin were used together, but after the Warring States period, many ancient books were written with "Yu". After the simplification of Chinese characters, "Yu" is simplified to "Yu".
The ancient sound of the word "Hu" is similar to that of "Yu", and it is often used as a preposition except modal particles, and its usage is basically the same as that of "Yu". There are four main uses of "Yu".
The first usage is to indicate place and time. For example, Song Gong and Chu fought Yu Hong.
In Zuo Zhuan's Twenty-two Years of Xi Gong, the life of the King of Yue was recorded. The word "Yu" representing place and time is equivalent to prepositions such as "zai", "Dao" and "cong" in modern Chinese.
In addition to the word "Hu", modern Chinese written language has always been used, such as "written in Beijing" and "founded in 1949". However, in ancient Chinese, the word "Yu" sometimes does not appear, and locative nouns are used as complements directly after predicate verbs or verb-object phrases, which reflects the differences between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.
For example, I heard that Qin Jun was surrounded by a giant deer in Wang Zhao, and Records of the Historian Xiang Yu let women live on it and float in the river.
The two sentences governing Ye in Historical Records Biography of Ximen Bao should be "Yu Julu" and "Zhong". The second usage is to introduce the object involved. For example, the ancients said, "inquire about grass."
Ask questions. One of Xunzi's sketches (firewood man) is the object of inquiry.
In addition to the word "Hu", this usage is also very common in modern Chinese written language, such as "dedicated to the revolutionary cause" and "beneficial to the people of all countries" The third usage is to express comparison.
For example: green, taken from blue, used in blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. In ancient books, the comparative usage of Xunzi's exhortation to learn generally only uses "Yu" and "Hu", and rarely uses "Yu".
Because of comparison, it is generally only placed after adjective predicate, and its meaning is equivalent to "bi" in modern Chinese. However, the position in the sentence is different. "Bi" and its object as adverbial should be placed before adjective predicate.
If translated into modern Chinese, "better than water cooling" means "better than Shui Han". This usage of "Yu" is sometimes used in modern Chinese written language, for example, "the interests of the people are above everything else."
The fourth usage is passive. (See the section on passive expression) Second, the word "one" was originally a verb, which, like the meaning of "Yong", became a preposition.
The preposition "yi" is often used in the following four ways: the first way is to indicate that actions and behaviors take something as a tool or by virtue, which is equivalent to "yong" or "na" in modern Chinese. The object of "one" can be concrete or abstract.
For example: Shoubi, please dance the sword. "Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography" comes out of the snake and hits it with the arm.
Zuo Zhuan, Battle of Saddle, Sword and Arm all represent tools or means of action. The second usage refers to relying on a certain qualification, status or position.
For example, at that time, Ximen Bao will go to Huihe River, and 3,200 people will watch it with the people. "Historical Records of Ximen Bao Governing Ye" Eight thousand people in Xiang Liang crossed the river.
"Historical Records of Xiang Yu" means to lead 8,000 people. The third usage is to express the reason, which is equivalent to "reason", "because" and "because".
For example, husbands, Han and Wei perished, while Anling lived five miles away just to have a husband. The fourth usage of the Warring States Policy Wei Ce is to express time, which is equivalent to "Yu" and "You".
For example, there are prizes in spring and summer and penalties in autumn and winter. The article "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong Twenty-six Years" (referring to Tian Wen, that is, Meng Changjun) was born on May 5th.
There are two points worth noting about the usage of the word "Yi" in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun. One is its position in the sentence.
"One" can be used before and after the predicate verb. For example, in Xunzi's Encouraging Learning, the position of the word "Yi" is different. But when expressing time, it can only be placed before the predicate verb.
The second is its guest.
3. What do prepositional phrases mean in classical Chinese? In classical Chinese, the position of the attribute is generally in front of the head word, but sometimes in order to highlight the position of the head word, emphasize the content of the attribute, or make the tone smooth, we often put the attribute behind the head word and end the sentence with "zhe", forming "head word+post attribute+person" or "head word+post attribute+post attribute".
For example, "asking for help can make those who report to Qin fail." (Historical Records. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) and: "There are loud voices in the stone, everywhere."
(Shi Zhongshan of Su Shi), etc. It should be noted that the postposition of attributives in classical Chinese is only limited to sentences that express modifier relations, while attributives that express possessive relations are not postposition.
4. Preposition structure as the post-prepositional structure of adverbial, that is, object phrase. In classical Chinese, object phrases consisting of "one" and "Yu" are often used as adverbials after adverbials. First, the object phrase composed of the preposition "Yu" is mostly in the position of complement in classical Chinese. When translated into modern Chinese, most of them should be moved to the front of verbs as adverbials. For example, "green is taken from blue, and green is blue."
When translating, both "Yulan" should be placed in front of the verb as an adverbial. Secondly, the preposition "Yi" is usually used as an adverbial in modern translation.
For example, "say something." ("Historical Records and Biography". "Biography of Xiang Yu"), that is, "to convey feelings with things."
This kind of sentence often omits the verb object, which is actually "telling a story". There is also one that the Ministry of Civil Affairs should pay attention to. When the preposition "Hu" is used as a complement, its composition can be determined according to the translation situation.
For example, "Before I was born, my understanding of Tao was solid before me." The first sentence "born before me" can be translated into "born before me" as an adverbial and "born before me" as a complement. Generally speaking, it is still a complement, and "born before me" must be an adverbial.
4. How to understand prepositions in classical Chinese (1) Conceptual prepositions in classical Chinese are parts of speech derived from grammaticalization of verbs. Used in front of nouns, pronouns or noun phrases to form a prepositional structure, as adverbial or complement of verbs or adjectives, indicating time, place, purpose, reason, formula and object.
Prepositions can take objects, but they can't be predicates. Prepositions mainly include "Yu (Yu, Hu), Yi, Wei, Yu, Zi, Cong and Yi".
(2) Common grammatical functions of prepositions ① Prepositions can take objects. ② Most prepositional objects can be omitted (except "Yu").
(3) Preposition structure composed of words such as "reason, action and obedience" is generally used as adverbial, but the word "Yu" can be used as a complement to indicate the meaning of time and place, and the word "Yi" can also be used as a complement to indicate tools and methods.
5. What are the prepositional phrases in classical Chinese? First, the preposition "Yu" is used as a complement in classical Chinese. When translated into modern Chinese, most of them should be moved to the front of verbs as adverbials. For example, "green is taken from blue, and green is blue." When translating, both "Yulan" should be placed in front of the verb as an adverbial.
Secondly, the preposition "Yi" is usually used as an adverbial in modern translation. For example, "say something." ("Historical Records and Biography". "Biography of Xiang Yu"), that is, "to convey feelings with things." This kind of sentence often omits the verb object, which is actually "telling a story". There is also one that the Ministry of Civil Affairs should pay attention to. When the preposition "Hu" is used as a complement, its composition can be determined according to the translation situation. For example, "Before I was born, my understanding of Tao was solid before me." The first sentence "born before me" can be translated into "born before me" as an adverbial and "born before me" as a complement. Generally speaking, it is still a complement, and "born before me" must be an adverbial.
6. How to judge prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs in classical Chinese? It is best to give some examples to distinguish them from the functions and positions of prepositions, conjunctions and adverbs.
Prepositions are used to introduce nouns and pronouns into verbs or adjectives, and are often used before nouns and pronouns. A conjunction is a connection between two identical words or phrases and sentences, which is often used between words, phrases and sentences.
Adverbs are used to modify restrictive verbs and adjectives, often before verbs or adjectives. When it's "here", Qin won't go to Zhaocheng either.
"One" is used before the noun "Cheng", which leads to the verb "Yu", which is a preposition and translates as "Ba". For example, she holds a fire with four people.
After "Ru", pronoun ". "Zhi" is omitted, and "Yi" connects two verb-object phrases "Huo Yong" and "Ruzhi", which are conjunctions and indicate inheritance, and cannot be translated. For example, blame it.
Used before the adjective "strange", adverb. Pass "you" and translate it into "you".
I hope I can help you.
7. About 18 Common Function Words in Classical Chinese 18 Common Function Words in Classical Chinese: 2. Harmony, Hu, Nai, Qi, Qi, Ruo, Suo, Wei, Yan, Yi, Cause, Yu, Ye, Ze, Zhe and Zhi.
The usage of some function words is as follows:
1, what:
(1) Adverb, used before the verb to express doubt, how about it.
(2) interrogative pronouns indicating reasons are often followed by modal particles "zai" and "ye"; Equivalent to "why", "what" and "why".
(3) pronouns, as objects, what.
(4) When used before adjectives, it indicates a deep degree, which is equivalent to "how much".
2, and
(1) conjunction, table juxtaposition.
(2) Disyllabic words, that is, "besides", use rhetorical tone to express further meaning.
(3) Conjunction, table hypothesis.
(4) The pronoun "er". You, yours.
3, almost
The modal particle (1) at the end of the sentence indicates speculation, which is equivalent to "ba".
(2) Prepositions are equivalent to "Yu" and "Zai".
(3) The modal particles at the end of the sentence are exclamations, which are equivalent to "ah" and "ya".
4. Yes
(1) adverb, indicating commitment, so.
(2) Pronouns used as the second person, "you" and "yours".
(3) Adverbs, indicating judgment, are equivalent to "Wei", "Yes" and "Yes".
5. it
(1) adverb, indicating the tone of speculation, probably, maybe.
(2) Conjunction, table hypothesis, if.
(3) demonstrative pronouns, among which.
Extended data
Matters needing attention of function words:
1, interchangeable words
In ancient Chinese, some words can be replaced by words with the same or similar pronunciation. This is Tong Jia. "Pass" is universal and "false" is false. There are three kinds of interchangeable words in ancient Chinese: homophone interchangeable words, near-phonetic interchangeable words and phonetic interchangeable words. The pronunciation of interchangeable words should be read with the pronunciation of interchangeable words, and the interpretation should also be based on the meaning of interchangeable words. Generally, it is expressed in the form of "communication".
2. Polysemy
The usage of Chinese characters is extremely complicated, and a word often has multiple meanings and usages. Polysemy is very common in ancient Chinese and even modern Chinese. Polysemy is also a common problem in classical Chinese reading and examination.
To grasp the ambiguity of a word, we should pay attention to its original meaning, extended meaning, figurative meaning and borrowed meaning. Understanding the original meaning and extended meaning of a word is the basic way to master polysemy. The basic meaning of a word is called "original meaning" and the meaning derived from the original meaning is called extended meaning. In addition, figurative meaning is the meaning produced by analogy, and loanword meaning is the meaning formed by loanwords.
3. Classical Chinese sentence patterns
Classical Chinese sentence patterns are basically the same as modern Chinese sentence patterns. It is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences, both of which have six major components: subject, predicate, object and definite complement. The word order of sentences is basically the same. Of course, there is still a difference between the two. When learning classical Chinese sentences, we should try our best to grasp the differences between classical Chinese sentences and modern Chinese sentences.
Although the sentence patterns of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are basically the same, there are some special sentence patterns because some entity words in classical Chinese are different from those in modern Chinese. If you want to learn classical Chinese well, understand the meaning of sentences correctly and understand the content of the article, you must master the special sentence patterns of classical Chinese. We often say that the special sentence patterns in classical Chinese are judgment sentences, ellipsis sentences, inversion sentences, passive sentences and fixed sentences.
Sogou encyclopedia-classical Chinese
8. Generalization and usage of important notional words in classical Chinese: the usage and meaning of function words in classical Chinese 18 are commonly used; 65,438+0. The people who translate conjunctions side by side with these four monarchs are wise, faithful, generous and kind.
"On Qin" is progressive, the gentleman is knowledgeable, but the Japanese reference exists. "Persuade" peace, and to bear the night, soldiers surrounded the house, not allowed to return.
The preface of the Southern Tour Guide follows, follows, or does not translate the turning point, taking it from the blue and making it blue. "Encourage learning" However, this is what you can expect if you are interested.
"Feng Wanzhen" If, if I taste it all day and think about it ... "Encourage learning" I am embarrassed. There are adverbials in The Snake Catcher, but there is no need to translate the cause and effect, and it is a pity that it will not be very enjoyable.
So the purpose is to be far-sighted and hope for happiness. Express purpose, come pronoun, connect "er" somewhere, and mother stands here.
Ji Xiang declared that your general "Ru" army was equally shocked. Chajin seems to be a function word with two syllables. It has a word sequence and an art major, that's all.
Shi Shuo set the tone, but then I tried my best and died. The "model" was just now, but today, Zhong Qing was put in the water. Although the wind and waves are silent, the situation is chaotic! Rhetorical tone, further meaning that Wu people invited the DPRK in disorder and five people were punished.
The "Tomb No.5 Monument" will be available soon, and it has been a while. 2. What's wrong with pronouns as objects? The banquet of the Hongmen is the first. Where is the attribute? What is the attribute? But when will you be happy? What is the predicate of Yueyang Tower? The prestige of a big country is to cultivate respect. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: Why? Why not question the beginning of adverbs and verbs? How can "Battle of Red Cliffs" be seen? As for the adjective "broken hair" and "falling tears", what a failure! Why, why, why is the preface of Biography of Lingguan so disyllabic? What/what/what Fan Kuai said, "What's wrong today?" "The Hongmen Banquet" Pei Gong was shocked and said, "How can I see it?" How about The Hongmen Banquet? What's the difference between not doing it and not doing it? What's the story about Qi Huan's bronze inscription? What do you have? Why don't you forget what you did? Why not kill people with extraordinary stories?
Soon after "promoting weaving", He Nai's grandmother scolded Shi Fu: He Nai is too young. How can peacocks fly southeast differently (middle)? How can you throw a lonely sheep into a pack of wolves? What is the difference? No matter what the load is, it is a hundred mountains.
Why, the year has arrived. Why (used for self-questioning and self-answering), such as ... What's the danger? What should I do with Biography of Xiang Yu? Why ... since people are knives and I am fish, why should I quit? What else (to do sth)? 3. Are you cold? Want to eat? Mode of Selected Annals of Ji Xiang. Wang is very happy, but he is almost like ordinary people. "Bao Zhuang meets Mencius", sigh! Who knows that Fu Lian's poison is very snake! "Snake Catcher" said, "Ah, the suffix is as wide as leaning on the virtual wind.
The preposition of "Lexing" is equivalent to "Yu", and the gentleman is knowledgeable, while the Japanese ginseng saves himself ... "Encouraging learning" is right, opposite, comparative, directional and follows 4. It is an adverb, followed by: "... failed to make long-term plans." Then they went to the court to see the duke.
The "Cao Gui Debate" is the only way to reverse the opposite, and the poor are seeking it with ulterior motives. The Story of Shi Zhongshan is actually unexpected, but it only limits the scope of Wang Xiang ... To Dongcheng, there are 28 riders.
Biography of Xiang Yu is only a confirmation and judgment. If things are not good, this is heaven. "Battle of Red Cliffs" is a synonym, that is, the second person known as Zhongyuan Tian in Beiding, Julian Waghann, and the sacrifice of this family will never be forgotten.
I made your demonstrative pronoun "Lu You", but I didn't ask for my heart. Therefore, the polysyllabic function word means that the king lives in the book and then asks the counselor. Not since? I'm afraid ... "I'm afraid. I pay tribute to Nair's government history again, sigh in the empty room and make a plan. "
That's it. 5. Its pronoun, the third person, and its listening method are also impregnable in front of me. In Shi Shuo, he (they) spoke in the first person, but I'm sorry I couldn't travel with him.
I, myself, refer to the pronoun or the person who accuses it. There are Jiang pronouns in Bao Chan Shan Jutu, all for the benefit of the third generation.
The snake catcher said, choose one or two of these demonstrative pronouns in the rock. Should the adverbs in The Story of Shi Zhongshan be based on this? Maybe, maybe, maybe Shi Shuo can be ridiculed? If the child dies after giving birth, who will inherit it? No, not at all.
Don't be sad about the battle of dishes. The Book of Wives still hopes that you will never forget your father's ambition! The preface of Biography of Lingguan can be selected by conjunctions. There is really no evil horse. I really don't know horses.
Whether Ma Shuo is ... or ... assuming that it is related to whether the industry is diligent or not, whether morality is unsuccessful or not is not inferior to nature. Multi-syllable function words are broken, how to break them? How about 6. And conjunctions are juxtaposed as shallow rivers.
The river is clear and blue. "Sandalwood cutting" and progressive will are only 150,000 to 60,000 people in China, and they have been exhausted for a long time ... "Battle of Red Cliffs" Moreover, the concession minister was not shy when he died, so he drank his wine and resigned! The Hongmen Banquet is still a turning point, but what can be done? However, without adverbs, the fire is gone.
"A Journey to the Treasure Toad Mountain" will be, will be, but I will return to China temporarily, and I will report to the government today. "Peacock flies southeast" is a disyllabic function word for the time being, and it is not weak in the world. The land of Yongzhou, the land of literature, is self-sufficient.
Besides, let's talk about an example. There is also the West Gate this winter. Just like 7 .. If the pronoun is called poisonous in the second person? The Snake Catcher Theory is more like a service, more like a blessing ... The Snake Catcher Theory refers to you, you and your demonstrative pronoun Nangong. Confucius said, "A gentleman is like a man!" The conjunction "this, this, this" in The Analects of Confucius assumes that if the people of wuyue can compete with China ... "Battle of Red Cliffs" assumes that one county has ten thousand people and ten thousand households are sealed.
Or, or verbs and however, while China holds our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor. "Farewell to Du DuDu to Shu", it seems that Xu Gong is not as beautiful as you.
Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the king of Qi, comparable, and like a disyllabic function word. If it rains heavily, even the month can't be opened. Duan Tou, when you say that, it seems that the order is very firm.
If you know what you are doing, how can you relax in our city? How about a few cars and a few couriers? How many, how many if/if not, if all and prisoners! If you (these people) are ... what? How to treat ...
9. What are the common usages of the preposition "Wei"? There are five common usages of the preposition "Wei": (1) introduces the object of action and behavior, which is equivalent to "substitution" and "giving" in modern Chinese.
Such as "Zhuangzi? Xu Wugui: "You give me a try. The former "Wei" is a preposition and the latter "Wei" is a verb.
Zhuangzi? "I am a skilled worker to help Wen. "Everything is wrong? The foreign reserve said "lower left": "The guest has drawn the king of Qi.
(2) Introduce the reason or purpose of the action, which is generally translated as "for" or "because". Like Xunzi? Tian Lun: "Heaven is not evil, and the earth is not evil."
Historical records? Biography of Xiang Yu: "More than 100,000 people drowned, but they didn't flow." Wei can be translated as because.
"In general? Ask Confucius: "the people are also officials, and the Lord is greedy and rich." Words of courtesy and righteousness are also the way to do things. "He also said:" Those who are Tao are not for themselves, so disaster is not evil; Don't avoid slander because the people are not in the name. "
"Wei" can be translated as "Wei". (3) Introduce the action object, which is generally translated as "right", "direction" and "communication".
For example, Sima Qian's "Bao Ren An": "However, this can be the way of the wise, but it is difficult for the layman to say it." "Biography of Han Poems" Volume 4: "I speak for Guan Zhong alone, and China people know that. Why? " Tao Yuanming's "Peach Blossom Garden": "There is not enough humanity for outsiders.
"Historical records? Biographies of Yuan Ang and Chao Cuo: "If you don't listen to it correctly, you will ask for leisure at night. "(4) People who introduce actions can be translated as" Bei ".
Such as "everything is done? Five idiots: "the rabbit can't be recovered, but it is a small fruit as a song." "The reflection? Shu Shu? Biography of Zhuge Liang: "A talented person can do it. "
Zuozhuan? Ten years of "xianggong": "The city is small and solid. Laugh when you win. (5) Introduce the time or place of the action, which can be translated as "when" and "in".
For example, Yan Zi Chun Qiu? Inside? Miscellaneous: "For its sake, I ask you to tie one person to cross the king." Huainanzi? Yun Lun Xun: "How can people quit their jobs and live in seclusion in the countryside?" .