Introduction to The Book of Songs
The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: style, elegance and vulgarity, and fu. Among them, The Wind includes fifteen covers of The Book of Songs.
Folk songs, known as the "fifteen-nation style", have 160 pieces and are the core content of the Book of Songs. "Wind" refers to rural wind and wind ballads. "Ya" is elegant music, which is divided into "Ya" and "Xiaoya". Poems 105, including 3 poems by Yashi1and 74 poems by Xiaoya. Ode is a sacrificial music song, which is divided into Zhou Song, Truffle and Shang Ode, with 40 songs in total. It is one of the five classics. The Book of Songs has a history of 2500 years. The methods of expression in The Book of Songs are divided into Fu, Bi and Xing. Together with wind, elegance and praise, it is called "six meanings" There are 305 poems in The Book of Songs, among which 6 poems are prosperous, with only titles but no content, and there are 305 existing poems (both titles and words). During the Warring States period, the ceremony collapsed and the music was broken, and a large number of music scores were lost. The only remaining lyrics were incorporated into the Book of Songs. The pre-Qin dynasty was called "Poetry", or the integer was called "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic, formerly known as The Book of Songs, which has been in use ever since. At the beginning, these poems were all lyrics with music, which kept the combination of ancient poetry, music and dance, but in the long-term circulation, music and dance were lost, leaving only poems. Confucius said: 300 poems. In a word, he said, "Naively." Confucius said: The Book of Songs has 305 articles, each of which tells a story, and each story has a truth, which can be said to be indispensable. However, one sentence can cover all the meanings in the Book of Songs, without any omission. This is what Lu Song said quickly: the thought is innocent. It means that people's thoughts and ideas are born from natural principles, not distorted by selfish desires. This sentence completely summarizes the ideas and principles of The Book of Songs. The poet's writing is both beautiful and ironic. For beautiful people and things, he praised them with beautiful words to arouse people's kindness, and for ugly people and things, he satirized them with sharp words to punish people's evil thoughts. They all want to raise people's good thoughts, get rid of people's ugly thoughts, and make people's temperament gentle and pure. If every thought of the human heart is pure and not distorted by selfish desires and evil thoughts, then what he does is naturally full of good deeds, not evil deeds, and full of praise, not irony. The poet's praise and satire are only to persuade the good and punish the evil, so the word "thinking innocence" is enough to sum up the spirit of the Book of Songs. Scholars who want to cultivate self-cultivation must understand that they should work hard on "careful thinking".
Edit the creator of this paragraph.
author
The composition of the authors of The Book of Songs is very complicated, and the region is also very wide. In addition to the music songs produced by music officials in the Zhou Dynasty and presented by officials and scholars, there are many folk songs that were originally circulated among the people. There are different opinions about how these folk songs came to the court. Some scholars in the Han Dynasty believed that the Zhou Dynasty sent special poets to collect folk songs and understand the advantages and disadvantages of politics and customs. There is another saying: these folk songs are collected by musicians all over the world. Musicians are officials and experts in charge of music. They compose poems as their profession and collect folk songs to enrich lyrics and tunes. The pleasure of princes is dedicated to the emperor, and these folk songs are gathered in the court. These statements all have some truth. Yin Jifu Nevin
He is a famous politician, strategist and writer in the history of China, the main collector of The Book of Songs, and is regarded as the ancestor of China's poetry. Yin Jifu was born in Jiangyang (now Luzhou City), and was demoted to Fangling (formerly known as Fangxian County) in his later years, and was buried in Qingfeng Mountain in Fangxian County, Hubei Province. There are many Yin Jifu cultural relics in Fangxian County. Assisting three emperors, he went to Zhou Youwang to listen to rumors and was beheaded by Zhou Youwang. Later, I learned that it was a manslaughter and I was reburied with a golden head. In order to hide others from robbing tombs, he built twelve tombs in the east of Fangxian County. Minister Zhou Xuanwang. The name of is Jia, and the father of Zi () is the official name of Yin. Zhou Fangling people. The ancients moved to Jiaohuo and attacked the north bank of the water mirror. In the fifth year of Zhou Xuanwang (823 BC), Yin Jifu led an army to counterattack Taiyuan, and was ordered to collect the tributes of the first-class ethnic groups in Nanzhou (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) and build a city in Shuofang. Relics include bronzes and armor plates. Hubei has Yin Jifu Zongmiao-Tang Bao Temple in Qingfeng District of Fangling, which was built in the Tang Dynasty. Luzhou has the site of Fuqintai in Yin Jifu; The ancient city of Pingyao, Shanxi Province, has a Yin Jifu desk; There are tombs and tombstones in Hubei. During Zhou Xuanwang's Western Expedition, stubborn people in the north moved to Jiaohuo and attacked the north bank of the water mirror, which was very intrusive. In the fifth year of Zhou Xuanwang (823 BC), Yin Jifu was ordered by Zhou Xuanwang to go to Taiyuan, returned and settled in Pingyao City today. According to the Records of Pingyao County in the eighth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, "In Zhou Xuanwang, Pingyao Old Town is small, where General Yin Jifu was stationed during the Northern Expedition. It is low on both sides of the northwest. " He also said: "I was ordered to go to the Northern Expedition, and my second division is here. Zengcheng built a platform, the Taoist preached martial arts to defend the enemy, and I died in Sri Lanka. " He is the author of The Book of Songs, Elegance and People, Elegance and Jianghan, etc.
compilers
But who actually compiled these poems into books? People still have different opinions. There are three opinions about the compilation of the Book of Songs in Han Dynasty: one is that Confucius deleted poems. The compilation of The Book of Songs is attributed to Confucius alone. This statement originated in the Han Dynasty. "Historical Records Confucius Family" contains: "The ancients wrote more than 3,000 poems. Speaking of Confucius, the key points should be removed. What else can be applied to etiquette and righteousness ... 350 poems are all written by Confucius, in order to combine Wu Ya's ode. " "History of Han, Art and Literature" said: "Confucius used pure Zhou poetry. There are 350 articles about taking Yin from the top and Lu from the bottom. " It is believed that Confucius chose the content of The Book of Songs. Confucius in Tang Dynasty, Zhu in Song Dynasty, Zhu Yizun in Ming Dynasty and Wei Yuan in Qing Dynasty were all skeptical. Dissidents put forward some reasons to refute: first, history books say that Confucius deleted poems, and he was nearly 70 years old after returning from Weiguo to Shandong. Before that, Confucius called it "Three Hundred Poems", so it can be seen that in the young and middle-aged period of Confucius, the Book of Songs had already numbered 300. Second, "Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong twenty-nine years, the son of Wu was in Luguan, and the musicians played fifteen national styles first, then less elegant, and finally eulogized. The order and content are basically the same as today's Book of Songs, when Confucius was only eight years old. It can be seen that the Book of Songs was finalized at that time. Thirdly, the diplomatic exchanges between the vassal states in the Zhou Dynasty were often endowed with "poems" to express their feelings. For example, in the four years of Zuo Zhuan, Wu attacked Chu and Chu was defeated. The State of Chu sent Shen to the imperial court of Qin to ask for reinforcements, and cried for seven days and seven nights. Qin Aigong was deeply moved and wrote poems without clothes, expressing his determination to save and restore the State of Chu. If there was no unified title in the Book of Songs at that time, it would be impossible to express the aspirations in the Book of Songs. Therefore, modern scholars generally believe that the theory of deleting poems is not credible. But according to what Confucius said in The Analects of Confucius: "I will go back to Shandong and be happy, elegant and eulogized where I belong." It can be seen that Confucius really likes this poem. It was only at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period that new voices rose and ancient music was lost. Only songs and poems in "Poems 300" were handed down and became the collection of poems seen today. One said that the king chose poems. "History of Food in Hanshu" said: "Meng Chunyue (the first month of the lunar calendar), people who live in groups are scattered, and pedestrians shake Mu Duo to the road to collect poems." Liu Xin and Shu said, "I invited three generations, with Qin Xuan, the director of Zhou Qi, as the chariot messenger, and Tijen as the messenger to patrol the road in August, asking for generations of language, nursery rhymes and songs." It is said that the emperor sent officials to collect poems all over the country by car, so that "the king stays at home and knows all the sufferings in the world;" You can know the four directions without class "(He Xiu's Biography of the Ram). "Art History and Literature Granted by Han Dynasty" contains: "In ancient times, officials collected poems, respected customs, knew gains and losses, and taught themselves to be right. "The rhyme system, rhythm and poetic style of 305 pieces of The Book of Songs are basically the same. The poetry creation time of The Book of Songs is as long as five centuries, from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to Qin Mugong in the Spring and Autumn Period. The creation site covers almost the whole Yellow River basin, plus the Yangtze River and Hanshui River, stretching for thousands of miles. In the case of inconvenient transportation and different languages in ancient times, it is unthinkable to produce such a collection of poems without purposeful collection and arrangement. So the poetry anthology is credible. One said that the Zhou Dynasty was made up by a surname. Modern Zhu Ziqing believes that the editing power of The Book of Songs is likely to be in the hands of Taishigong of Zhou Dynasty. In Classic Talk, he pointed out that during the Spring and Autumn Period, all countries raised a group of musicians, such as the troupe of the later rich, whose boss was called Taishi. Ambassadors from all over the world must play music and sing at the banquet. Masters should not only collect their own music songs, but also collect music songs from other countries. In addition to these collected ballads, there are poems written by nobles for special things, such as ancestor worship, feasting, house completion, sending troops to hunt, etc., which can be said to be ritual poems. There are also satirical poems and poems praising beauty. Poetry is dedicated to the monarch by the liegeman, and it is prepared for musicians to sing to the monarch. It can be said to be political poetry. Taishi preserved these songbooks, with more than 300 songs and lyrics, which were commonly known as "Poetry 300" at that time. Musicians and Taishi in the world are the heroes who collected and sorted out the Book of Songs, but it is the Taishi in the Zhou Dynasty who wants to achieve the overall unification of compilation. In Guoyu Lu Yuxia, there is a record that "the father revised the business name and eulogized twelve articles in Zhou Taishi". My father was a doctor in Song Dynasty, who dedicated himself to praising Taishi Gong in Shang Dynasty. There are only five "Shang Fu" in the Book of Songs, which is probably deleted by Tai Shigong on the basis of twelve. From this point of view, The Book of Songs should be compiled by the Zhou Dynasty Taishi. And Zhu also said in the Biography of Poetry: "Poetry" is "the tribute that the princes received from the Emperor". In addition, there are similar records in Hanshu Shihuo Zhi, Book of Rites Wang Zhi and Yujin Liu.
afterfinish
Music songs collected from various periods and regions are generally considered to be preserved in the music officer of the Zhou royal family-Taishi. They obviously processed, eliminated and modified those works with different faces. Therefore, the existing language forms of The Book of Songs are basically four-character, and the rhyme system and rhyme rules are basically the same. Some sets of sentences (such as Son of Another Family and Wang Shimi) have appeared in works of different times and places. In ancient times, the traffic was inconvenient and the languages were different. If the folk songs of different times and regions are not processed, the above situation will not occur. It can be considered that the official production of music songs and the collection and arrangement of folk music songs are one of the cultural undertakings of the Zhou Dynasty, and they were continuously carried out in the era of The Book of Songs.