Calligraphy: one of the traditional plastic arts in China. Refers to the rules for writing Chinese characters (seal script, official script, orthography and cursive script) with a conical brush. Techniques pay attention to writing, pen, ink, stippling, structure, distribution (lines, composition), style and so on. General requirements, such as: when lifting a pen, the finger must be empty and the finger must be Qi Li; Spread the center with a pen; Stippling should be complete and thoughtful; The structure should be horizontal and vertical, and the meaning should echo; The distribution should be complex, with appropriate density and consistency; And advocate personality, style and interest. The art of calligraphy and painting originates from lines, and each has a vivid aesthetic feeling of charm (rigidity) and rhyme (softness). Painting has lines, images and colors; Calligraphy, on the other hand, does not express objects, does not use colors, but only uses abstract lines, so the temperament and charm of its lines are stronger, so calligraphy is called "book potential" between Jin and Tang Dynasties. The art of calligraphy requires subtle and overlapping changes in order to achieve the goal of "extremely sharp style and extremely vivid and strange objects" (quoted from Shen Calligraphy Series). However, the font is not specific. To make it have awesome skills, it is especially necessary to pay attention to brushwork, brushwork and brushwork in order to achieve perfection. Calligraphy has a history of more than 3000 years. Bronze inscriptions in Shang and Zhou Dynasties are full of artistry. Qin Zhuan, Han Li, Wei Bei, Tang Kai, Song Xing, Ming dynasty, etc. The style is more colorful Famous calligraphers, such as Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, created beautiful, elegant, convenient and exquisite styles, which were highly praised by calligraphers of all ages.
Calligraphy: Calligraphy terminology. Refers to calligraphy works with high artistic level. In ancient times, calligraphy works written on paper and silk were all called "calligraphy books" or "books" Samadhi Calligraphy: "When you write a word, you must be calm. Although there are three strokes between each painting, this is a dharma book. " Wang Anshi wrote a poem in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Good deeds are passed on, and calligraphy posts are empty." . Nowadays, calligraphy works are generally called calligraphy books, which also means respecting the author.
Calligraphy: the meaning is the same as "pen and ink". Original reference language. Three Kingdoms Cao Wei Pi's Essays on Canon: "The author is ancient, in calligraphy, and feels the article." Later generations also refer to calligraphy and Chinese painting. Mi Fei Biography of Song History: "Calligraphy is especially wonderful, written by Wang Xianzhi."
Stone: the general term for ancient bronzes and stone carvings. Gold refers to Zhong Ding bronzes and the like; Stone refers to stone tablets and stone carvings. It is a kind of print produced by writing on stones, writing down creations, eulogizing inscriptions and praising merits. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor": "The princes recited the merits of the emperor and carved them in stone to show the classics." Zhongding Yi ware began in Shang Dynasty, while stone carving began in Qin Dynasty. The Han dynasty was rich in stones, but after the Han dynasty there was less gold and more stones. Statues flourished in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, while gold wares were handed down less. Tang Dynasty inscriptions are particularly rich. As for the compilation of inscriptions in the past dynasties, it began with Ouyang Xiu's Collection of Ancient Records in the Northern Song Dynasty. Copying its atlas into an atlas began with Lu Dalin's Map of Bo Gu. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wind of epigraphy archaeology was particularly strong. Gu and Ye Yibao each wrote books, or used stone carvings to textual research on modern ancient prose, or invented six books on inscriptions on bronze, which became a new specialized subject.
Authentic: the handwriting is true, not forged or forged by others. Zhang Huaiguan's Broken Book of the Tang Dynasty: "In May of the sixteenth year of Kaiyuan, the original works of the two kings were published, and books such as Zhang Zhi and others were sent to Jixian Institute."
Ink: Handwriting written in ink. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a poem written by Lang Zhongqiu, a resident of Zuo Siyuan, "Learn from books to find ink, and make wine to love harmony". The Biography of Ye Fan in the Book of Song Dynasty also records that "ink is on the top, and leaves are at the end of the book".
Rubbings: Traces or images of books printed from inscriptions and bronzes. Physical objects were first seen in the Tang Dynasty. Methods Rice paper was soaked in water, covered on the inscriptions of utensils, rubbed into a suitable paper bump, and then dipped in ink to make it. In ancient times, vertical paper and oil smoke ink were polished after extension, and the ink was black and shiny, which was called "Wujin Extension"; With horizontal paper, Song Yanmo, green and light, not oily, it is called "cicada wing exhibition". Also known as "Zhu Tuo", the scarlet extension; When a stone tablet has just been shaped or unearthed, it is called "initial extension".