Fenghuangling is10-20m above sea level, 60-70m above sea level, with the highest peak of 75m. It consists of five large mounds in the shape of steamed bread, which is 1 km long from north to south and more than 300 meters wide from east to west. Three of the five mounds have been razed to the ground, leaving two. 1May, 982, the 14th Railway Bureau borrowed soil here to build the subgrade of yi river East Section of Yan (Zhou)-Shi (Jiu) Railway, and tombs were found during excavation. Linyi prefecture and county cultural relics management departments timely organize personnel to dig and clean up. That winter, the Shandong team of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences braved the cold, broke the routine of archaeological excavation only in the spring and autumn, and rescued the remains of Phoenix Mountain. Through large-scale scientific excavation, 88 tombs from Warring States to Han Dynasty have been cleared, and unearthed cultural relics include ding, box, jar, pot, bronze mirror and five baht money. In addition, there are eight musical, dance and acrobatic figurines, which are beautifully carved and lifelike. Among these tombs, the largest is the tomb of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The tomb is square and covers an area of nearly 100 square meter. It consists of three parts, including a chariot pit, a vessel pit and a grave. The tombs of earlier years, with 1 1 no coffin skeleton, are slaves' tombs. There is an artifact pit 25 meters north of the main tomb. Unearthed cultural relics include 9 clocks, 7 ding, 14 spear, 4 bows, 1 cymbal, 1 boat and offerings. The largest tripod weighs 35 kilograms and the longest spear is 3.09 meters. At the same time, many microliths have been unearthed at Fenghuangling site, and many fire remains have been found. These microliths include stone core tools and stone chips tools of various shapes. Most of them are made by traditional indirect play, which has typical microlithic characteristics. The microliths were first discovered in Shandong Province, representing an independent culture in a historical period, and existed in the Mesolithic Age about 1 to 20000 years ago. This discovery filled the blank of primitive agriculture in the late Paleolithic period in southern Shandong.
Quanshangtun site
Quanshangtun site is located in the east of Shangtun Village, Tangtouquan, Hedong District, more than 30 kilometers southwest of Linyi City. There is Tanghe River in the west and Tangshan in the northwest of the village, which is a riverside platform surrounded by mountains and waters. The site is 750 meters wide from east to west and 1500 meters long from north to south, with a total area of about 750,000 square meters, and it is piled up like a spindle. About 1500m to the east, there is a low mountain winding from north to south, which is called "Changhong Ridge" by the masses. It belongs to the small structural strata and hills of Yishu fault zone, mainly composed of Jurassic and Cretaceous purple sandstone. The site is located on the Yishu River watershed and formed by alluvial.
As far as the position of Quanshangtun site in China archaeology is concerned, it belongs to the Mesolithic culture system in North China, and it is at the same development level as the Mesolithic culture in Dali Shayuan, Qinshui Xia Chuan, Xuchang Jing Ling and Hebei Huanghua in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. As far as Shandong is concerned, Quanshangtun is one of the few important sites in the Middle Stone Age. Its discovery filled the archaeological gap in the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic in Shandong, and connected the missing link of Neolithic archaeology, thus making the establishment of prehistoric sequence in Shandong a reality, solving a prominent major problem of prehistoric archaeology in Shandong in the past 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and giving archaeologists a preliminary understanding of the face and formation process of this new relic.
At that time, the site of Quanshangtun was an undiscovered cultural relic in all parts of Shandong Province except Linyi. 1June, 1992, it was designated as a key cultural relics protection unit in Shandong province, and the stone tablet, a cultural relics protection unit established by the Shandong provincial government, is now located in the east of Quanshangtun Village.
Qingfengling site
Qingfengling site is a prehistoric residence dominated by Mesolithic microlithic culture. Its discovery has attracted the attention of Chinese and foreign stone scholars and made great contributions to the study of human historical development and the ancient development history of southern Shandong.
The site is located in the north of Wangzheng Tianzhuang Village, Chonggou Town, Hedong, with Liutianzhuang in the southeast and Yangmazhuang in the north. More than 700 meters to the east, a tributary of Shuhe River flows from northwest to southeast. The site is a spindle-shaped highland alluvial by red sand, with the northern end facing west and the southern end facing east. North-south length1150m, east-west width 500m, with a total area of about 575,000 square meters. The site was discovered in1982,65438+February, and was announced as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit by the Shandong Provincial People's Government in June. 1992.
Qingfengling site is the second large-scale Middle Stone Age site in Shandong after the discovery of Fenghuangling site, and it is also a well-preserved site with many cultural relics and relics discovered so far. As far as the significance of site protection is concerned, it is helpful to study the social form of the Middle Stone Age, the history of human evolution, the division of Quaternary strata, and the changes of paleoclimate and vegetation environment.
The discovery of sites such as Qingfengling and Fenghuangling is called "Mesolithic Age" because its archaeological age is the transitional period when the late Paleolithic culture is coming to an end and the Neolithic culture is about to sprout. According to the naming principle of archaeology, Qingfeng Peak site should belong to the previously discovered Phoenix Ridge culture. This discovery filled the gap in the archaeology of Middle Stone Age in Shandong before 1980s.
Great Fan Zhuang site
The Great Fan Zhuang Site is located at Lanjigong Road, 0.5km west of Dafanzhuang, Xianggong Town, Hedong District, Linyi City. The site is160m in length from north to south and140m in width from east to west, with a total area of 30,000m2, 6-8m above the ground, in the shape of steamed bread. The remains of the upper mound in Zhou and Han Dynasties have been destroyed and lost many times. 1965, villagers borrow soil to fill the king, and report cultural relics when they find them. Later, the former Linyi County Cultural Relics Department organized personnel to excavate here. Due to the "Cultural Revolution", the excavation work was suspended, and 26 Neolithic tombs were cleared and 768 cultural relics were unearthed. Among them, there are 20 stone tools, mainly shovels, bracelets, arrows, stone ornaments and so on. There are 23 bone artifacts, mainly including bone arrowheads, roe teeth, animal teeth and so on. The most artifacts are pottery, with 725 pieces, mainly including mixed sand pottery, mud black pottery, mixed sand white pottery and mixed sand red pottery. Most of the vessels are flat-bottomed vessels, tripods and round-footed vessels have beans and perforated cups with handles. There are 30 perforated cups with high handle, and the tire wall is extremely thin, similar to eggshell, so it is called eggshell pottery. It is a fine product in Longshan black pottery, with regular shape, bright and dark objects and diverse shapes, and is a treasure in ancient pottery.