But outside the Taoist temple, it is another lively scene. Since the rise of Xi 'an antique jade in 1980s, this is a good place for many players to come to Taobao frequently. All kinds of antique treasures, bamboo and wood tooth carvings, antique furniture, jewels and jade articles, rubbings of ancient books, coins, ceramics, calligraphy and painting, folk handicrafts and antiques are all packed in the gate of Baxian Temple. Selling food is called selling loudly among these semi-vulgar and semi-elegant businessmen. From time to time, several middle-aged women came forward and whispered, "Is it divination?". If they agree, they will turn around and enter a humble hut, and Tessa-like elders will tell you about your past lives. It will be more lively if we catch up with the meeting time. The vendors have been extending from the entrance of the Eight Immortals Temple, turning west along Changle Square Street, and then going deep into the whole renewal street. Bustling crowds and shouts come and go, forming a vivid picture of Dongguan customs.
Although there are no chickens in today's chicken market, it is far more lively and prosperous than when there were chickens.
Xi' an geographical chronograph
Many place names in Xi are both historic and interesting, and Jishiguai in Dongguan is one of them. After hearing this name for the first time, many people have to confirm it repeatedly to find out which words it is. After knowing it, they can't help wondering "where did the word' turn' rarely appear in place names come from?"
It was called "Chicken Market" in the late Qing Dynasty.
The T-junction of East Station Road outside the East Gate of Xi 'an is called Jishiwan. There, it is the intersection of East-West Dongguan Street and North-South Fuxing Street. There are more than ten buses parked by the side, and the station name is Jishiguan. When entering the station, the station announcement sounded in the carriage inadvertently improved the awareness rate of Jishi Hall.
Knowing the turn of the chicken market, you may not be able to tell its origin. Why do all the nearby streets and lanes have their own names, and why do you want to give the intersection such a name? Is there really a chicken market there? And why is the straight road called "turning"? What does this mean?
"To explain why, you have to go back to ancient times." Mr. Ge Hui, an expert on geographical names in Xi 'an, said that today's Jishigui was located in Dongguocheng in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and was the eastern section of Dongguan Street. Its exact location should be a small area of the fork in the road where Dongguan Main Street turns north into the dressing room (now the south section of Renewal Street). The origin of the name, according to legend, is that many chicken farmers brought chickens and eggs here to sell around the Qing Dynasty. After a long time, it gradually formed a relatively concentrated market, which was called "chicken market". "Chicken Market" is also the embryonic form of its name.
Where did the "turn" come from? It turns out that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China until liberation, the east gate of Xi 'an City was not a straight road as we see it today. At that time, there was a highland near Jishiwan, and the eastbound road outside the east gate turned north along the terrain here. This road facing north is called the front dressing room and the back dressing room. As the east section of Dongguan main street, "Chicken Market" is just at the corner of Dongguan main street where clothes are changed northward. Because of this, for a long time, "chicken market" has been vividly called "chicken market turn"
However, as for the year when the chicken market lasted and when the "chicken market" turned into a "chicken market turn", Mr. Ge Lao did not verify the exact record. What we can know now is that during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, people still used the name "Ji Er Shi". This point was confirmed in the "Xi Anfu Map of Qing Dynasty" in the 19th year of Guangxu. As can be seen from the picture, "Ji Er Shi" is located in the corner of today's chicken market. To the north is the dressing room, and to the east is the Teachers' College Square. The World Garden Plaza is the name of a square in Dongguo City, which is located to the east of the main street in Dongguo City, and is named after the Shiyuan Lane in the square. The address of the square is near Shiyuan Road in Dongguan today. It can be seen that the road before changing clothes is spacious, and the pavement of Shiyuanfang is narrow. Go east after Shiyuan Square, there is no straight road. On the contrary, the relatively spacious dressing room turns east at the end, which is still a avenue that can directly go out of Dongguomen.
"This is the opposite of our current situation. At that time, there was no decent road due east. Today's teachers' college road does not exist. This is a residential area. Instead, it is a small street to update the traffic arteries in the street. " Mr. Ge Lao said: "At that time, going east to Shilipu, Baqiao, or even out of Xi 'an, you had to turn north from Jishi and pass Changle Square and the Eight Immortals Temple before you could continue eastward. Instead, you should take this route from the east to Xi 'an. Therefore, the position of the chicken market turn is more prominent, and it also has the meaning of separate naming. "
Chicken market turn and Dongshaomen are two different things.
When it comes to the turn of the chicken market, there is a concept that has to be mentioned, and that is "East Gate". As we all know, outside the west gate, south gate and north gate of Xi 'an city wall, there are west gate, south gate and north gate respectively, but there is no corresponding east gate outside the east gate. Therefore, from the geographical point of view, some people think that the chicken market turn should be the east gate. Is that so? Is there really an East Gate in history?
"There is an east gate." During the interview, many old Dongguan residents told reporters. Li, a 90-year-old man who lives near Jishiwan, said: "There used to be the name Dongshaomen, but Jishiwan is not here. It is farther north than Jishiwan, to the east of Temple and Changle Square. When I was a child, there were city walls and gates. My friends and I often play on the city wall. We can take a walk on a tricycle. South of Dongshaomen is a vegetable market, and outside Dongshaomen is desolate, which is a large area of farmland. After liberation, the city walls and gates were demolished, and the name of the East Gate gradually disappeared, so many people don't know it now. "
For Mr. Li Lao's statement, the reporter had some experience in the interview. Some elderly Dongguan residents occasionally mention Dongshaomen as geographical coordinates when chatting or telling stories about the past. The young people who were asked shook their heads and said they didn't know if Dongshaomen had ever been there.
The Dongshaomen mentioned by Mr. Li Lao is actually the Dongguomen in Guo Cheng, East Anhui Province in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhang said that Dongguocheng is the largest and fastest-growing of the four countries in the east, west, north and south. There are five doors in a room. However, they didn't echo the east gate of Xi 'an city wall due east. Dongshaomen, or Dongguomen, mentioned by Mr. Li Lao, is located in the northeast of Guo Cheng and is the main entrance to the east of Guo Cheng. There is a gatehouse on the door. The address of the gatehouse is probably near the intersection of the eastern end of Changle Square and Xingqing Road, Xiyaofang and Umbrella Tower Road in Dongguan today. Unlike the other three Guo Cheng, Dongguocheng is not a regular rectangle, its east wall is not straight, and there is no direct gate due east. For the reason of this construction, Professor Zhang speculated that it may be due to the large scope of Dongguan, limited by the natural roads in the city, or it may be due to the consideration of protecting Andongmen.
For the disappearance of Dongshaomen, several old people think it has a lot to do with its geographical location. "Because it is not on the avenue outside the East Gate, relatively few people know it, and the door upstairs was demolished in the 1950s. At the same time, the East Gate of Dongguan was straightened, and the East Gate lost its original meaning, which was slowly forgotten. "
From this perspective, the chicken market does not turn to the east gate.
There used to be beautiful wooden doors in the four alleys next to Jishiguai.
In the decades after liberation, with the rapid development of Xi 'an city, the once tortuous Jishi turn in Dongguan main street was opened, forming a straight and spacious avenue of Dongguan main street and Shiyuan Road. The busy front dressing room and back dressing room (today's update street) have become a small street, and eastbound vehicles do not have to detour. However, due to its proximity to Jishi Bend, the vicinity of Renewal Street is sometimes understood as Jishi Bend.
Fuxing street is actually the name after liberation. From Ming and Qing dynasties to before liberation, it was called the front dressing room and the back dressing room from south to north respectively. According to Xi Ming and Qing Dictionary, the square before and after changing clothes was the name of the eastern country of Xi 'an in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to legend, foreign officials came to Xi 'an from the east and had to change clothes here before entering Xi 'an Anfu City. Therefore, the name of Jiebei is connected with the official hall, and the place name is still in use today.
Mr. Li Lao is a human being. He remembers many things in his early years. Like other old neighbors, he is still used to calling Renewal Street "the square before changing clothes, the square after changing clothes". Mr. Li Lao said that although he knew that the chicken market turned into a chicken market, he had never seen it when he was a child, and it should have disappeared long ago. However, as the central area of Dongguocheng, the surrounding area of Chicken Market at that time was very busy before and after changing clothes. Mr. Li Lao recalled: "Before and after the chicken market turned and changed, the business atmosphere dominated, and the road was not as wide as it is now. The roadside is full of shops and the economy is active. During the day, the traffic is busy, bustling and crowded. There are several grain shops and theaters in Jishiguai, which are restaurants, firewood shops, oil mills, seasoning shops, local grocery stores, sedan chair shops, carriage shops, harness shops and so on. Before changing clothes, there is also a Nanyue Guan Hui Temple on Qian Fang West Road, which used to be a primary school. Before and after changing clothes, there are four alleys on both sides of the road, which have been preserved since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. From south to north are Thoreau Lane, Zhonghe Lane, Wang Mian Lane and Guanjia Lane. Among them, Solo Lane and Wang Mian Lane are in the east of the road, and Zhonghe Lane and Guanjia Lane are in the west of the road. Different from the commercial atmosphere of Zheng Zheng Street and Qianfangfang, these four hutongs are mainly residential areas. At that time, there was no electricity in residents' homes, and kerosene lamps and clear oil lamps were used. There is no light on the road and it is dark at night. These four hutongs left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties all had wooden doors at the original intersections, which were very beautiful. They were demolished one by one around the 1950s. "Speaking of these four hutongs, Mr. Li clearly remembers a jingle he read when he was a child:" Wear silk to hang satin in Neutral Lane, be an official in Dawang Lane, pick onions to sell vegetables in Guanjia Lane and pee in Solo Lane. "This jingle simply describes the characteristics of the rich and the poor living in four alleys.
At this point, Mr. Li Lao told the story of a harness shop (a shop selling leather goods such as reins and saddles on carriages). It was in the 1920s, when Liu Zhenhua surrounded Xi 'an for eight months, and people's lives were very difficult. At that time, Li was still very young. He and his family live in Wang Mian Lane, where there is not enough food. Everyone ate almost everything they could eat, and the wild vegetables were finished. "My family went to the oil mill to buy the remaining oil residue, and then came back to mash it and eat it with water. Later, a foreign businessman in a harness shop left the store and ran away. The family took the leftover leather back to cook. We ate a dozen pieces of skin before and after, and survived that time. Really worse than begging! "
Today's chicken market turn, although the chicken market has quietly disappeared, but the name has been used, but the "turn" of that year has been transformed into a standard T-junction. Standing at this intersection, you can see the high-rise buildings on both sides of Dongmen Road, the endless stream of vehicles on the main street of Dongguan, and the leisurely or hurried passers-by. Fuxing Street, Suoluo Lane, Zhonghe Lane, Wang Mian Lane and Guanjia Lane are not spacious alleys, but mostly residential buildings rebuilt around the 1990s. If you want to find the early images at the corner of the chicken market, you can only listen to the sketches of the old residents. ...
Folk memory
My old yard
It is fifty or sixty meters long.
During the interview, several residents told reporters that the development of Jishijiao area is not much different from other areas in Xi City, but there are still some old yards of adobe houses in Wang Mian Lane nearby.
Subsequently, under the leadership of enthusiastic Master Zhang Fulu, the reporter came to the east section of Wang Mian Lane. Because of the demolition and reconstruction, the east and west sections of Wang Mian Lane are not a horizontal straight line, and the east section slightly bends to the north. No ordinary residential building was built, but several old houses were built. There are several quadrangles with wooden beams and mud walls. After years of erosion, the walls are mottled and old. You can even see walls made of mud bricks. Plants grow from the cracks in the bricks on the sloping roof. There are exquisite stone piers at the entrance to the courtyard. The rooms in the gate are dense and compact, and the courtyard is deep. Master Zhang said that the houses near Jishi Reef used to be such a courtyard.
Master Zhang, 69, said that when I was a child, these yards were very spacious. There is a pickle jar in the yard of the pickle dealer, and a medicine stall in the yard of the medicine shop. Only then they became more and more crowded. I know this place very well because Master Zhang's family lived there many years ago. Introducing his original yard, Master Zhang said with emotion, "There used to be 20 families in Wang Mian Lane, with many merchants. The front door is not necessarily big, but the yard is very good. Our family used to be the ancestral hall of an official, and the yard was fifty or sixty meters deep. It was only after the Revolution of 1911 that our ancestors settled there. After the demolition and renovation a few years ago, I moved into a nearby community. "
The grain shop beckons swallows to fly.
Feng Wuchang, a 7 1 year-old retired history researcher from the Safety Education Bureau, lives near Jishiguan and has a deep memory of the changes around Jishiguan.
The old man said that the scope of the chicken market turn is not large, that is, the area at the corner of the intersection. Its name is similar to mule market and chopping board street, and it is named after the centralized sale of certain goods. Unfortunately, he has not seen the scene of the existence of the chicken market for a long time. But he was deeply impressed by the "human market" that existed in the chicken market for a period of time before and after liberation. "The' human market' is not selling people, but actually what we usually call the labor market now. Every morning, around the chicken market near Xinjiekou, there are many migrant workers, including carpenters and plasterers. They were dressed in coarse clothes with a cloth belt around their waist. Usually hundreds of people stand, and then there are greetings and bargaining voices, which are very lively. " Mr. Feng said that his family hired workers there to fill the holes in their house. By about 10 in the morning, roadside grain stores will be open for business. At this time, the "people's market" in front of the door will make way and dissolve itself. "The existence of grain stores adds a scene to the chicken market"-speaking of this, Mr. Feng is particularly happy. He said that there are often moths at the door of the grain store, or some rice is sprinkled, which attracts birds to fly and peck, especially at dusk, when swallows are flying all over the sky, which is really beautiful.