Who are Shi Sheng, the medical sage, the grass sage, the painting sage and the book sage?

Shi Sheng-Sima Qian Sima Qian (before 145 or before 135 ~? ) Western Han historian and writer. Zi Chang, Zuo Fengyi, was born in xia yang (now southwest of Hancheng, Shaanxi). Born in the fifth year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (the first 145 years), it is said that he was born in the sixth year of Emperor Jian Yuan of Han Dynasty (the first 135 years), and the year of his death cannot be tested. Sima Qian began to study the biography of ancient documents at the age of 1. During the reign of Emperor Yuan Guang and Yuan Shuo of the Han Dynasty, he learned from Dong Zhongshu, a modern writer, the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ram, and from Kong Anguo, an ancient prose writer. At the age of 2, he roamed south from Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley and the Central Plains, inspecting customs and collecting legends wherever he went. Soon, he became a doctor, a bodyguard and retinue of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and made many trips to the west with him, and once sent envoys to Bashu. In the third year of Yuan Feng (the first 18 years), Sima Qian succeeded his father Sima Tan as Taishiling, in charge of astronomical calendar and royal atlas, so he had to read the books collected by historians. In the first year of Taichu (the first 14 years), taichu calendar was ordered with Tang Dou, Luo Xiahong and others to replace the Zhuan Xu Calendar inherited by Qin, and the new calendar adapted to the needs of the society at that time. Since then, Sima Qian began to write Historical Records. Later, for defending Li Ling who surrendered to the Huns, he was convicted of imprisonment and castrated. After he was released from prison, he served as a secretary, continued to write books angrily, and finally completed the writing of Historical Records. People call his book Taishi Gongshu. It is China's first biographical general history, which has a far-reaching influence on later historiography. Historical Records is an excellent literary work with vivid language and vivid image. Sima Qian also wrote a book "Report to Ren An", which described his imprisonment and his ambition to write a book, which was praised by all generations. Sima Qian is a great historian in the history of China. "He was imprisoned because of his outspoken advice, but he became even more angry and wrote a book, and created the Historical Records, a famous historian at all times and at home and abroad, which left a precious cultural heritage for the people of China and the people of the world. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor, was called a medical saint at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Nie Yang, Nanyang County (now a native of Nanyang City, Henan Province, also known as Zhangzhai Village, Gedong Town, dengzhou city City, Henan Province, because in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the administrative scope of dengzhou city was managed by Nanyang). Born in the Yuan Jia and Yongxing Dynasties of the Eastern Han Dynasty (about 15 ~ 154 AD), he died in the last years of Jian 'an (about 215 ~ 219 AD) and lived about 7 years. According to legend, he was a filial piety and a prefect of Changsha, so he was called Zhang Changsha. Zhang Zhongjing loved medicine since he was a child. "Broaden the group of books and dive into Taoism." When he was ten years old, he had read many books, especially books about medicine. His fellow countryman He Qing appreciated his intelligence and specialty, and once said to him, "You will be a good doctor if you use your mind carefully but your rhyme is not high" (Biography of He Qing). Later, Zhang Zhongjing really became a good doctor and was called "the sage of medicine and the ancestor of prescription." Of course, this is related to his "using the essence of thinking", but it is mainly the result of his love for the medical profession and his good at "assiduously seeking the ancient teachings and learning from all sides". When I was young, I studied medicine with Zhang Bozu in the same county. After years of hard study and clinical practice, he became an outstanding physician in the medical history of China. He was in the turbulent last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with years of melee, "the people abandoned agriculture", urban granges mostly became wilderness, and the people were displaced and hungry. Plague broke out continuously in various places, especially in Luoyang, Nanyang and Huiji (Shaoxing). "Every family has the pain of zombies, and every room has the wailing;" Zhang Zhongjing's family is no exception. Zhang Zhongjing witnessed this sad scene. According to the records, since the first year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty (AD 196), two thirds of people died of infectious diseases in ten years, of which typhoid fever accounted for 7%. "It's hopeless to feel the loss of the past" (preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases). Therefore, he made a determined effort to study medicine and determined to be a doctor who could relieve people's sufferings. "In order to cure the diseases of your relatives, in order to save the poor and lowly, in order to protect your health and raise your life" (preface to Treatise on Febrile Diseases). At that time, there was a man in his clan named Zhang Bozu, a very prestigious doctor. Zhang Zhongjing went to worship him as a teacher in order to study medicine. Seeing that he was smart and eager to learn, Zhang Bozu gave him his medical knowledge and skill without reservation, but Zhang Zhongjing actually passed it on. He Qing once praised in the book Xiangyang Fu Zhi: "Zhongjing's skill is better than Bozu's". Zhang Zhongjing assiduously studied Neijing, extensively collected medical prescriptions, and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases handed down from ancient times. The principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment established by it is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM. In terms of prescription science, Treatise on Febrile Diseases has also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The therapeutic principle of differentiation of six meridians established by him has been highly praised by doctors in past dynasties. This is the first medical monograph in China, which establishes the rule of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the medical history of China, and it is a necessary classic work for later scholars to study Chinese medicine, which is widely valued by medical students and clinicians. There is such a passage in the preface of Treatise on Febrile Diseases: "From above, we can cure the diseases of our relatives, from below, we can save the poor and humble, and from the middle, we can ensure the whole growth and support our health", which shows Zhongjing's benevolence and virtue as a medical master, and later generations respect him as "the saint of medical Sect". Cao Sheng Zhang Xu: Zhang Changshi, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty and known as the "Cao Sheng", was born in Zhang Xu and Wujun (Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Tang Dynasty. The date of birth and death is unknown. The word "Bo Gao" has a long history, so it is known as Zhang Changshi. Like to drink, they often write books after getting drunk, or write books with their hair soaked in ink. The world calls them "Zhang Dian", and together with Li Bai, He Zhizhang, Li Shizhi, Li Jin, Cui Zongzhi, Su Jin and Jiao Sui, they are called the Eight Immortals in Wine. He excels in regular script and cursive script, especially in cursive script. His calligraphy is unique and original. The regular script "Langguan Shizhu Ji" adopts the brushwork of Ou Yangxun and Yu Shinan, which is dignified and rigorous, without breaking the rules, showing the exquisiteness of regular script. "Xuan He Shu Pu" commented: "Its name is based on jumping grass, but as for cursive writing in small letters, it does not reduce the beauty of cursive writing. Although its cursive writing is full of strange things, it seeks its origin, and there is no one who should not be disciplined in painting." His calligraphy is derived from the "two kings" and is original and innovative. His regular script is correct and precise. The rules are extremely extreme, and Huanggu is known as "the Tang Dynasty is the best." If his regular script is more inheritance than creation, then his cursive script is a great innovation and development in calligraphy. Han Yu said: "Xu is good at cursive writing, but he can't cure the book of his skill. It changes like ghosts and gods, so you can't be arrogant." Du Fu wrote in the Song of the Eight Immortals: "Zhang Xu's three cups of grass are sacred. Before taking off his hat and exposing the top of the maharaja, he waved his paper like a cloud." He can sublimate the art of calligraphy to the artistic realm of expressing calligraphers' thoughts and feelings with abstract dotted lines. In the art of calligraphy, his handwriting seems strange but not strange. The key is that the pen for stippling completely conforms to the traditional rules. It can be said that he used traditional techniques to express his personality, and became a creative calligrapher worthy of his own time in calligraphy. Broad, fresh and unrestrained, it far exceeds the works of previous calligraphers and has a strong atmosphere of prosperous Tang Dynasty. Zhang Xu is bold and unrestrained, likes drinking, often dances after getting drunk, and then returns to the table, pen and ink, with a wave of his hand. Some people say that he is rude, so they give him a crazy nickname. In fact, he is very careful. He thinks that everything he touches in daily life can inspire writing. Occasionally, I got something, that is, I melted it into my own calligraphy. At that time, as long as people got his piece of paper, they all regarded it as a treasure, and it was hereditary and true. At that time, Zhang Xu had a neighbor whose family was poor. Hearing that Zhang Xu was generous, he wrote to Zhang Xu, hoping to get his support. Zhang Xu was very sympathetic to his neighbor, so he said in his letter: You only need to say that this letter was written by Zhang Xu, and the asking price can be hundreds of gold. The neighbor sold the letter on the street according to his words, and it was sold out in less than half a day. The neighbor returned home happily and thanked Zhang Xu very much. At that time, people called Zhang Xu's cursive script, Li Bai's poems and Fei Min's sword dance three unique skills. Apart from the regular script "Langguan Shizhu Ji", his cursive scripts include "Abdominal Pain Post" and "Four Poems", which are famous. 1. "Abdominal Pain Post": a single engraved post. No money. Cursive script, 6 lines and 3 words. This post is full of twists and turns with a pen, which is fun with rigidity and softness, expanding from the inside out, ever-changing, elegant in color and extremely official in taste. 2. "Four Poems of Ancient Poetry": ink book. No money Ming Dong Qichang as Zhang Xushu. Cursive script, this post is strong and magnificent, and the pen gesture is vertical and easy. Dong Qichang commented: "There is a cliff falling, and there is a whirlwind of rain." Painting Saint Wu Daozi (circa 686 ~ 76) was a painter of the Tang Dynasty. Also known as Dao Xuan, the history of painting is called Wu Sheng. Yang Zhai (now Yu County, Henan Province) people. Little lonely and poor, I started as a folk painter, and I had a painting name when I was young. He used to be the county commandant of Yanqiu (now Ziyang, Shandong Province), and soon resigned. After living in Luoyang, engaged in mural creation. During the Kaiyuan period, he was summoned to the court for his good paintings, and he was consecrated successively. He was a doctor of Neijiao and Ning Wang You. I studied calligraphy with Zhang Xu and He Zhizhang, and experienced the skill of using a pen by watching Gong Sundaniang dance sword. He is good at Buddhism and Taoism, ghosts and gods, figures, landscapes, birds and animals, plants and pavilions, etc., especially at Buddhism and Taoism and figures, and is good at mural creation. According to reports, he has painted more than 3 murals in temples in Chang 'an and Luoyang, which are strange and strange, and there is no similarity. Among them, Hell in disguise is famous. Wu Daozi's paintings have a unique style. His landscape paintings have the power of change, and the figures he painted are draped and the lines are vigorous, which is called the description of water shield. It has the effect of flying in the sky and full of wind, and is known as the wind in Wu. He also painted lightly in Jiao Mo's lines, and became known as Wu Zhuang. The lines of painting are concise, and the strokes are just a little, which is called "sparse body". Wu Daozi's paintings have a great influence on later generations. He is respected as a "painting saint" by people and as the founder by folk painters. Su Shi once praised his art as "creating new ideas in statutes, leaving good reasons outside the uninhibited". Wu Daozi's paintings have not been handed down from ancient times. The Born of Gautama Buddha handed down to this day may be a copy of the Song Dynasty. In addition, there are other copies such as the Buddha statue of Bao Ji Bin Galo and the Taoist Mo Bao. The Vimala Sutra in Cave 13 of Dunhuang Grottoes is also considered as his painting style. Wang Xizhi (321-379, or 33-361), a great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was originally from Linyi (now Shandong), and later moved to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang), where he was a general of the right army and took a civil history. His son Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy is also very good. People call them "Two Kings", and another son, Wang Ningzhi, who was a general of the right army, is known as "Wang Youjun" and "Wang Huiji". Representative works include: Le Yi Lun in regular script, Huang Ting Jing, Seventeen Sticks in cursive script, Aunt Sticks in running script, Sunny Sticks in Fast Snow, Mourning Sticks, Preface to Lanting in running script, etc. Resources /view/2527.htm