Who is Du Yu, King of Shu?

Is it Du Yu, not Du Yu 1. According to legend, Wang Di was the founding monarch of the ancient Shu kingdom (that is, today's Sichuan area), and his name was Du Yu. He developed production, led Sichuan people out of the wild era of eating animals and drinking blood, and enlightened Du Yu, the king of civilization and Cong Di like flowers, so he was deeply loved by the people. Later, he gave the throne to his deputy and lived in seclusion in Xishan. Many ancient books began to blur here. It seems that after living in seclusion, Du Yu became indignant and died. After his death, his soul remained immortal and he became a cuckoo, crying. The question is, since Du Yu voluntarily ceded the throne to his subordinates, he was naturally willing, so why did he have more than "grievances"? There is also a magical and tortuous story in the legend. It contains ups and downs and has an endless aftertaste. Legend has it that Sichuan was still silted up in the Three Gorges area at that time, and the Sichuan Basin was an almost completely closed paddock. There are other rivers in Sichuan, such as Minjiang River and Fujiang River. There is no place to discharge the floods in the snow-capped mountains in western Sichuan, so there are frequent floods in the basin, and the people of Bashu suffer from water avoidance all the year round. Although Du Yu made every effort to build dikes and open weirs and lead the people to escape up the mountain, it still failed to calm the disaster, and Du Yu was worried. Later, a man named Bieling came from the lower reaches of Hubei. He is ambitious, brave and outstanding. Wang Di Du Yu was very happy to see him, so he was appointed Prime Minister. After serving as the prime minister of Shu, Bieling presided over government affairs, promoted advantages and eliminated disadvantages, and managed Shu better. At this time, perennial floods are still the main disaster in Sichuan. After observation, Master Roshi decided to dig and clean up Wushan Canyon, so that the rivers in Sichuan would flow out along the canyon and not flood everywhere. So he led Sichuan athletes to dig stone walls in Wushan area. After several years of painstaking efforts, today's Wuxia Gorge has finally been successfully dug out, making all the rivers that were originally blocked in Sichuan flow out of Wuxia Gorge and pour into Wan Li, forming a rolling Yangtze River. In order to control water, Master Roshi worked tirelessly, forgot to eat and sleep, and even didn't go home to visit for several years. By controlling the flood, he also established a high prestige among the people. Looking at Du Yu in accordance with the practice at that time, take the initiative to give the throne to Master Roshi. Master Roshi became the new monarch of Shu, and posthumous title was "enlightened", also known as "Congdi". Wang Di Emperor Du Yu retired to Xishan. The monarch, who once ruled the whole country of Shu, is now an old man living in seclusion, and it is inevitable that he is a little disappointed. Who knows that it wasn't long before the peaceful days, there were rumors in the suburbs that Du Yu gave up the throne to the enlightened because Du Yu had an affair with the enlightened wife during the period of the enlightened leadership in fighting floods, so he was humiliated. This seems to reflect the rich gossip spirit of our people since ancient times? The people who spread it may have a wretched mentality, or they may just be curious and make much ado about nothing. But for the parties, I'm afraid it's not so light. Rumor came that Wang Di Du Yu was angry and anxious. I didn't expect a good heart to end up in such a slanderous end. Although there was no "feudal ethical bondage" at that time, the hat of moral accusation was still very heavy. Tu Yu-ben is very old, and he has been overworked in his long-term administration, which has damaged his health. As a result, he soon became ill and died with a bitter heart. His soul could not bear to leave the Shu people, so it became a bird, singing day and night with a sad voice. The people in central Sichuan did not forget their monarch and called this bird "cuckoo" to express their memory of the emperor Du Yu. There are many nicknames for the cuckoo, and "Wang Di, Soul, Du Yu, Du Yu Soul, Du Soul, Du Yu Soul, Soul, Shu Emperor Soul, Ancient Emperor Soul, Shu Bird, Shu Soul, Shu Soul and Shu Juan" are all derived from this story. And use "looking at the emperor" as a metaphor for the wailing of ghosts; "The cuckoo weeps blood, Zigui weeps blood" refers to the cuckoo's mourning, which expresses sadness and melancholy, and also comes from this. From the perspective of modern science, the birds in Du Yuhua are not credible, and the enlightened infiltration of Wuxia greatly exceeded the productivity level at that time, so it is just a folklore. However, the people of Sichuan really miss these two sages who brought happiness to the people of Sichuan. Du Yu, the legendary emperor of the ancient Shu kingdom, expressed many insights on some issues related to Du Yu. I have benefited a lot from reading it, but I dare not fully agree with some of them. Therefore, I intend to put forward my own views, fallacies and omissions on the knowledge I have mastered, and hope that the academic circles will correct me. Question 1: Questioning the relationship between Du Yu and Zhu Di. According to Yang Xiong's Biography of the King of Shu in the Western Han Dynasty, "A man named Du Yu descended from the sky and stopped Zhu Di. A woman with fame and fortune came out of a well in Heyuan and became Du Yu's wife. Self-reliance is the King of Shu, nicknamed Wang Di. ……"。 There are similar records in Changqu's Huayang Guozhi. With these historical materials, many scholars speculate that Du Yu was born in Zhu Di and should be a Zhu Di. But the author has different views. There are many similar records in ancient books because the sentence "falling from the sky, stopping the Zhu style" is worthy of scrutiny. For example, the agreement on Shang ancestor and the abandonment of Zhou ancestor. Historical Records says: "Yin Qi's mother's name is Judy, and she has a daughter named Wa, the second princess of Di Ku. In a threesome bath, I saw a mysterious bird drop its egg, and Judy picked it up and swallowed it. Because I was pregnant, I gave birth to a contract. " Another cloud said, "Zhou Hou Ji, I have given up my name. His mother has Tai's eldest daughter, named Jiang Yuan. Jiang turned out to be Yuan's princess. When Jiang Yuan went out to the wild and saw the trace of the giant, she suddenly said in her heart that she should practice moving like a pregnant woman and have a baby during the period. " Literally, it is difficult to understand the censorship list. If we scrutinize it carefully, it is not difficult to find that the Shang nationality reflected by the former takes birds as totems and has the custom of worshipping birds. The latter shows that people are still in the matriarchal society in the abandoned era, and people only know their mothers but not their fathers. "Falling from the sky, stopping all the mentions" seems to indicate that Du Ren should come to all the mentions from a highland and suddenly appear in front of the local people. Clothing, living habits and so on are all different. Moreover, in the southern Yi literature, "Tian" or "Tian" has a foreign meaning. In the Yi literature "Southwest, Tianliang Section", it is recorded as follows: "Ten generations of Mu, ten generations of Mu Kaoza, seven generations of Mougenot, eight generations of Mu Woheng, nine generations of Mu, and eleven generations of Mu Qimo married Tian during this period". It also reads: "Wu passed on the Wu lineage and spread it to Ejiao Wu; At first glance, it spread to the lineage and to the building; Wax passed from waxy blood to goose; ..... from silent bloodline to Muad. Tian Jun Chuan ordered: thirty cows a day, thirty coppers a day and thirty silks a day as rent. Then one day, Heaven and Man acted as servants and came down to collect the rent. Heaven here refers to foreigners. The heavenly army is the leader of a foreign country, and heaven and man are foreign people. For the nationalities in northeast Yunnan, Duyu is a foreign nationality, and Duyu from other nationalities arrived in northeast Yunnan. With strong force, it conquered local tribes and opened to the north. Therefore, it is possible that "when Zhu mentioned that Liang Yusheng's daughter swam across Heyuan, she thought it was Princess Yu Yuezhi. "The two tribes formed an alliance. Later, under the leadership of Du Yu, the tribal alliance conquered Shu and established Shu. Where did the Duyu nationality originate? Judging from the historical data and archaeological data in recent years, it seems that they should come from Liangshan area, which is close to the northeast of Yunnan, and their ethnic group should also be Pu nationality. Du Yu's Interpretation of Cases in the Spring and Autumn Period said: "Puyi has no monarch and no president, and all the cities gather together, so it is called Baipu. "There are many Pu tribes scattered in the west and south of China. Puzu is the earliest indigenous people in Liangshan area. They are engaged in agricultural production and have a pioneering farming culture. The local Yi people call it "Su Pu Dance". According to the records of the old Yi books, when the Yi ancestors first moved to Liangshan, Su Puwu had already settled here. Yi people raise cattle and sheep, while Wu Wu grows crops, which is consistent with Du Yu's record of "teaching people to plow the fields" after Shu in Huayang Guozhi, which proves that Du Yu is one of Wu Wu. After Du Yu was defeated by Master Roshi, he had to "retire to the Western Hills". "According to Mr Research, Xishan is now the Anning River and Xiaoxiangling area. Located in the west of Leshan, the capital of Shu. Mr. Guan Ronghua further pointed out: "Today, the black man in Liangshan (Nuohuo) is behind the Du Yu tribe in ancient Shu. A branch of the Du Yu tribe once went south along the Minjiang River valley to the south of Sichuan, reached the north of Qianxi and the northeast of Yunnan, and then entered Liangshan from the northeast of Yunnan-this was in the early Spring and Autumn Period around 600 BC, after Du Yu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. "As can be seen from the discussion of Mr. Chen and Mr. Guan, the route of Du Yu's tribe's defeat and escape was to expand northward and conquer Shu. Question 2: Du Yu "taught people to be farmers", but the agriculture in ancient Shu did not begin in the era of Du Yu. Combined with archaeological data, it can be seen that agricultural production began in Chengdu Plain as early as the late Neolithic Age. By the time Du Yu replaced King Yufu, the agriculture in ancient Shu had developed to a considerable scale. According to the archaeological data unearthed at present, 1998 and 1999, the Sino-Japanese joint archaeological investigation team carried out archaeological excavations on the Tancheng site in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, and found metasilicate in the ash pit in the later period of the site. A large number of straw remains were also found in the braised soil blocks of Sanxingdui site in Guanghan. It shows that rice was planted in Chengdu Plain in the late Neolithic period. In the archaeological excavation of Sanxingdui site, a large number of wine vessels were unearthed, such as cups, cups, spoons, pointed lights and so on. There are many kinds, and wine-making needs rich grains. The excavation and excavation of a large number of wine vessels fully reflected the surplus of agricultural production in ancient Shu. Du Yu's "Teaching People to Cultivate Farms" proves that Du Yu (a nation) has a higher agricultural production technology than Shu. After Du entered Shu, he advocated agriculture and prospered Shu with agriculture, which further promoted the social development of Shu. Make it a great country with strong national strength, prosperous agriculture and people living and working in peace and contentment. Shu Zhi of Huayang Country: "Zanxie is the main entrance, Xiong Er and Lingguan are the back households, Emei is the battlements, Jiang, Qian, Mian and Luo are the pools, Wenshan is the animal husbandry, and there are gardens in the south". Question 3: In real life, Du Yu is not a tribe that worships cuckoo. Yufu, these three generations are several hundred years old each. " Some people say that "Wang Diji is over 100 years old". Whether it is "over 100 years old" or "several hundred years old", it can't be the real life span of several generations of Shu kings, but only the time when their dynasties ruled Shu. It also proves that "Guan Bai", "Yu Fu" and "Du Yu" are not the titles of real emperors, but should be the honorifics of ancestors. According to legend, Du Yu's ancestor was the cuckoo. However, there is no written record of Du Yuren worshiping Du Fu in Historical Records. In Huayang National Records, it is only said that Du Yu was renamed Pubei after he proclaimed himself emperor. According to experts' research, Pubei is a kind of osprey, the same as the fisherman, and Pubei is far from the cuckoo. According to Shuo Wen Jia Bu, "... the king of Shu committed adultery with his wife and died of shame as a bird of Zigui, and Shu people heard the song of Zigui. They all say that they are in line with the emperor. " "Sichuan Tongzhi" Volume 20 1 said: "Wang Di wanted to recover after fleeing and died as a cuckoo." This strongly disproves that Du Yu did not call himself Du Fu when he was in office. Only after the loss of power and country, "Ascending to the West Mountain to hide" was called "cuckoo". The reason why Shu people turned Du Yu into a cuckoo is because cuckoo is related to agricultural production. As we all know, cuckoo, also known as cuckoo, is a beneficial bird in agriculture and forestry. Shi Kuang's "Bird Classic" says: "The cuckoo goes out of Shu, and it sings at dusk in spring, and the family waits for it to promote agriculture." During Du Yu's reign, advanced agricultural production technology was spread, which created the farming civilization of ancient Shu, and it was easy for later generations to associate Du Fu with Du Yu. Secondly, cuckoo's singing has a melody of "four tones and one paragraph", and its voice is sad and moving, just as Li Bai said in the poem "Seeing Rhododendron in Xuancheng": "Shu once heard of Rhododendron, and Xuancheng also saw Rhododendron. One is called, one is ileum, the other is broken, and I remember it on March 3. " After Du Yu's death, Shu people sympathized with the losers and turned them into cuckoos to express their nostalgia for Du Yu. Seeing the emperor as a cuckoo has also become a fairy tale handed down from generation to generation by Shu people.