Reading: xùngǔ
Explaining the meaning (or meaning) of an ancient language or dialect with common words is called "exegesis".
There are some "specific methods" and "common terms" in exegetics, which are introduced as follows:
The specific ways of exegesis are divided into the following three categories:
A kind of "formal training": it is to explain the meaning of words by analyzing the structure of words, that is, to explain the meaning of words in the form of words. This is called formal training. The glyphs of Liu Shu's pictographic characters, ideographic characters and literate characters are directly related to their meanings, and the semantic symbols of pictophonetic characters can also indicate their meaning categories. Therefore, the analysis of glyphs plays an important role in understanding the original meaning of words. In Shuowen, formal training is the most basic way of explanation. Besides saying its meaning, its analysis of font structure is an example of formal training.
Second, "phonological training": the training of explaining the meaning of words with homophones or similar sounds is called phonological training. For example, "Shuowen" is "Heaven is bumpy"; "Household, protect also", "beside, Pu also" (note: ① Pu, read Pang in ancient times, read Pu three times today, including a broad sense, such as Pu Yuan. ); Another example is Ming Shi: "The sun is real and the light is full of reality." "Clothes depend on it, and people rely on it to keep out the cold and heat." "Room, side also, both sides of the room also" and so on.
Three "righteousness training": directly explaining the meaning of words is called righteousness training. "Volunteer training" is subdivided into three types (direct training, transfer training and Chen Shuo), which are described as follows:
General comments
It means "exegesis". That is, a department of China's traditional "language and literature", which mainly studies ancient documents from the perspective of "semantics".
The research object of exegetics is: the exegetics of ancient written language.
The research content of exegetics is semantics. That is, the meaning of words in ancient written language. Among them, the meanings in ancient books before Han and Wei dynasties are the main ones. The focus is on the ideological content and emotional color of word meaning, the meaning system of words, the relationship between differentiation and derivation of words, and the emergence and development of words.
The task of exegetics is to analyze the contradictions and obstacles of ancient written language, summarize the experience of previous annotation and interpretation, and clarify the system, examples, methods and applications of exegetics, so as to better guide the related work of exegetics and ancient Chinese teaching, ancient books collation and dictionary compilation.