Fuxi and Nuwa gave birth to Shaodian, and Shaodian and An Deng gave birth to Shennong, the half-brother of the Yellow Emperor. (shào di n): China Han nationality, grandson of Hua Xushi, son of Fuxi and Nu Wa, father of Emperor Yan (Shennong) and Yellow Emperor.
Shennong was born 6,000 to 5,500 years ago in the coastal area of Jiang Shui (now Baoji City). Shennong (Emperor Yan) invented farm tools and planted grain with wood. Teach people to plant crops and make pottery. Use hemp as cloth, and people wear clothes. He tasted all kinds of herbs, and there is a legend that "Shennong tasted all kinds of herbs", which taught people medical treatment and farming and improved people's lives. His appearance ushered in a new era. Because agriculture is the mainstay, his tribe is called Shennong tribe, and later generations regard it as the god of agriculture and the father of medicine in China. In ancient times, it was regarded as a patron saint by Yiguang and pharmacies. The Book of Qi Yao Min is a comprehensive agricultural work written by Jia Sixie, an outstanding agronomist in the Northern Wei Dynasty in China, and it is also one of the earliest monographs in the world agricultural history. The full text of the book is divided into 92 articles in 10 volume, covering China's agriculture, horticulture, afforestation, sericulture, animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, breeding, brewing, cooking, storage and drought resistance 500 years ago.
Cultivation techniques of maize
The soil where corn is planted needs to be deeply ploughed in autumn, and the parasites in the soil should be killed by the low temperature in winter. Only by entering the sowing period can the survival rate of seedlings be guaranteed. Simple sowing is to dig a suitable pit on a high slope with a pickaxe, and then water it with proper amount. After water permeates the earth's surface, the initial planting process is completed by sowing, cultivating the soil and lightly stepping on the foot. In the later stage, according to different growth stages, reasonable fertilization should be carried out on one side edge of corn seedlings, and finally appropriate amount of water should be poured on the corn seedlings. Sowing in a large area requires scientific and reasonable preparation before sowing. Corn is a high slope crop, and it needs to be ridged and ditched when planting. Corn should be planted on the flat land of ridge and furrow. Under normal circumstances, sowing and fertilization operations are completed at one time, and the distance between seeds and fertilizers should be kept at 5 cm on the side and 3 cm in depth. Europe and Southeast Asia
The history of crop cultivation is different. The Near East and Europe began in 6500-3500 BC. Southeast Asia, starting from 6800-4000 BC; In Central America and Peru, it began around 2500 BC. Most of the areas where crops were originally planted were river basins with semi-arid climate. In Eurasia, the method of planting crops is to rake the ground first, then plow and sow; In Central America, because there are no cows and horses, their main crop-corn.
Ancient Greece and Rome
Since 2000 BC, the Greeks began to grow food crops, mainly barley, olive trees, figs and grapes, and raised livestock. The Greeks invented the waterwheel to lift water from a low place to a high place. Invented some iron tools, such as plows, sickles and hoes. , improved the level of agricultural technology in the Mediterranean region. They grow wheat, barley, millet and grapes and raise animals. Before 200 BC, every Roman farmer owned 1.8-6. 1 hectare. In the next 200 years, the rich got more land from the country, so they made slaves work.
During this period, the state legislated to distribute the land of the rich to small farmers, but this reform finally failed. In 200 ad, many farmers became tenant farmers; In 400 AD, these tenants' rights were reduced and eventually they became serfs attached to the land.
Medieval Europe
Farmers who own land divide their land among their sons. In this way, farmers with less land will be poor. Especially after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, small farmers had to dedicate their land to the nobles for protection. From 1000 to 1300, Europe's entry into manor age became very common, especially in Britain, France and Germany.
In manor age, serfs lived in the village near the landlord's manor and worked for the landlord. Each serf cultivated 5- 12 hectares of land, mainly planting wheat, barley, beans, oats and rye, and arranged leisure land. This system also exists in China, Japanese and Indian countries. After liberation and land reform, poor peasants and lower-middle peasants were given land, but due to the lack of livestock and farm tools, production and operation were difficult. When there are natural and man-made disasters, there are land sales and loans. In order to prevent polarization, the Party and the government promptly guided farmers to take the road of mutual assistance and cooperation, and established agricultural production mutual aid groups (1951-kloc-0/955) and agricultural production cooperatives (1953- 1957). (Note: The starting time may vary from place to place, and the reference time is Yiyang County Time, Henan Province). Rations are distributed according to population in the form of big pot rice, and people's lives are very poor. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, various forms of production responsibility system were gradually implemented in the rural areas of the county: at first, professional contracting and joint production contracting were implemented, and later, the labor responsibility system of unified management and joint production contracting was implemented.