First, the earliest philosopher in ancient Greece who put forward his own theory of origin was Thales of Miletus School. He said that everything is made of water. He suggested that the earth is floating on water, and he didn't evaluate the right or wrong of this strange theory. At least Thales tells us that the Greeks dare to make bold assumptions and have no experiments in their minds. They just use empiricism to say things.
Second, there is another person who is also a Miletus. His name is Anaquel Simander. He believes that matter is not composed of one element, because elements are opposite to each other. Fire is hot, water is wet and gas is cold. If any one of them is infinite, the rest will be swallowed up. Obviously, he realized from Thales' theory that fire can't be made of water. He didn't clearly put forward what elements make up everything in the world, but he said that those elements must reach a state of balance, so that no one can annex anyone, and it is "justice" that maintains this balance. Therefore, "justice" has a more special significance in the eyes of ancient Greek philosophers.
Thirdly, it is still a school in Miletus, Anaximenes. He believes that the origin of everything is qi, the soul is qi, and the fire is thin. When gas condenses, it turns into water, then into soil, and finally into stone. This is obviously the product of empiricism, and there is no modern scientific thought about experiments, but its advantage lies in transforming all the differences between different essences into quantitative differences (influenced by atomists)
4. Pythagoras, his main contribution is not the theory of origin, but that he has a theory very similar to the theory of origin, which is expressed as: the origin of the world is number. If the landlord is looking for a theory about the origin, then his statement is meaningless … even a little puzzling. But his theory is very important, because he is the founder of logical deduction. He believes that the whole world can only be deduced through mathematical logic deduction, completely denying empiricism. The influence of logical deduction continued to Descartes and Leibniz in the Renaissance and ended in Nietzsche and Hegel.
Heraclitus is a philosopher, who suggested that celebrities should not step into the same river. His theory is relatively difficult to understand. He put forward the concept of "one". Yes, China's Lao Tzu also put forward the "one", which will lead to second, third and third births. He believes that fire is the source, and everything, like a flame, is born of the death of something else. He realized that fire is not a substance, but a process of change, in which the latter is born when it dies and the former is born when it dies. He also believes that the world is unified, but it is unified by the combination of opposites. Everything is born from one, one is born from everything, and the other is God. He put the two theories together, so he thinks, first, God, the world, an eternal living fire, can never be extinguished, because justice is safeguarded as Anaquel Simonde said. Note that in the eyes of ancient Greek philosophers, justice is superior to God and impersonal.
6. empedocles believes that the origin of the world is the four elements of rustic fire and water, and there is a cycle between them. When they are completely mixed by love, they will be separated by struggle, and when they are completely separated, they will be United by love. All entities are temporary, only four elements and love and struggle are eternal. A romantic idea, isn't it?
Seven, Anaxagoras thought that everything can be infinitely divided, even the smallest substance contains various elements, and what things show is that they contain the most. For example, everything contains some fire, but only when the elements of fire are dominant can it be called fire. This theory is as lovely as the principle of RGB imaging.
Eight, the theory of origin reached a climax, namely leucippus and democritus, who are called atomists. I don't think I need to repeat their theory, but in some places I still have to remind the landlord that atoms make up everything and there are different kinds of atoms. Different kinds of atoms have different shapes and sizes, and their heat is also different. Among them, the hottest component is fire, and the atoms are inseparable and move forever. The weight of atoms is different, the heavy ones fall fast, the light ones fall slowly, and the different speeds cause collisions and vortices. However, Anaxagoras thinks that all movements and eddies are caused by thoughts or souls. Magnets attract iron because they have souls, but ordinary stones don't.
We are familiar with the changes of protagoras, Su Shi, Baishi and Yashi, that is, we refuse to discuss the sources based on empiricism … and explore human philosophy.